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CVE-2026-89655 (GCVE-0-2026-89655)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-11 19:45 – Updated: 2026-09-14 12:01
VLAI
Title
ceph: fix UAF in __kick_flushing_caps() on cf entry freed during unlock
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ceph: fix UAF in __kick_flushing_caps() on cf entry freed during unlock list_for_each_entry() iterates ci->i_cap_flush_list but drops i_ceph_lock to send cap messages. During the unlock window, handle_cap_flush_ack() can acquire i_ceph_lock, detach cf entries with tid <= flush_tid from the list, release i_ceph_lock, and free them via ceph_free_cap_flush() outside any lock. When the original thread reacquires i_ceph_lock and the for-loop macro advances via cf = list_next_entry(cf, i_list), it dereferences cf->i_list.next on freed memory. The race timeline: __kick_flushing_caps() handle_cap_flush_ack() ----------------------- ----------------------- holds i_ceph_lock <--- iterates to cf (tid=10) prepares FLUSH message drops i_ceph_lock <--- __send_cap() ── FLUSH(tid=10) MDS sends FLUSH_ACK(tid=10) ---> acquires i_ceph_lock cf->tid(10) <= flush_tid(10), detaches cf from i_cap_flush_list drops i_ceph_lock ceph_free_cap_flush(cf) <- frees it! acquires i_ceph_lock <--- for-loop advances: cf = list_next_entry(cf, i_list) -- UAF on freed cf->i_list.next The cf was just sent by __kick_flushing_caps itself via __send_cap(). The MDS may respond with FLUSH_ACK quickly enough that handle_cap_flush_ack() frees cf before __kick_flushing_caps can finish the iteration. Fix by converting to a manual while loop: save the next pointer under i_ceph_lock before dropping it, then use the saved pointer after reacquiring, so the potentially-freed cf is never accessed again.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: e4500b5e35c213e0f97be7cb69328c0877203a79 , < 091137821e1fc88f37e15201abf055c9494ddc61 (git)
Affected: e4500b5e35c213e0f97be7cb69328c0877203a79 , < 01542430081014d80fc9e70e92d6647432ddb7fc (git)
Affected: e4500b5e35c213e0f97be7cb69328c0877203a79 , < 23eb34a53a53cb1a6dab1eeee830633207ac158d (git)
Affected: e4500b5e35c213e0f97be7cb69328c0877203a79 , < 19f16f04c2b014a7dd214dc1e42557d8530b16f3 (git)
Affected: e4500b5e35c213e0f97be7cb69328c0877203a79 , < 2701431aa3cc8b23efe6890182e7b04f5e76fab5 (git)
Affected: e4500b5e35c213e0f97be7cb69328c0877203a79 , < fe46746087b5b9c5bb2d022df6c7819218494ced (git)
Affected: e4500b5e35c213e0f97be7cb69328c0877203a79 , < 2dba24dcd5050be4b7b119e6f0b01f62203b5d26 (git)
Affected: e4500b5e35c213e0f97be7cb69328c0877203a79 , < 7af4c4f01305b0935adf6d4301b1ec407025485d (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 4.8
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.8 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.270 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.221 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.188 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.157 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.109 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18.50 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.2.4 , ≤ 7.2.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.3-rc1 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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{
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nceph: fix UAF in __kick_flushing_caps() on cf entry freed during unlock\n\nlist_for_each_entry() iterates ci-\u003ei_cap_flush_list but drops\ni_ceph_lock to send cap messages.  During the unlock window,\nhandle_cap_flush_ack() can acquire i_ceph_lock, detach cf entries\nwith tid \u003c= flush_tid from the list, release i_ceph_lock, and free\nthem via ceph_free_cap_flush() outside any lock.  When the original\nthread reacquires i_ceph_lock and the for-loop macro advances via\ncf = list_next_entry(cf, i_list), it dereferences cf-\u003ei_list.next\non freed memory.\n\nThe race timeline:\n\n  __kick_flushing_caps()              handle_cap_flush_ack()\n  -----------------------             -----------------------\n  holds i_ceph_lock        \u003c---\n  iterates to cf (tid=10)\n  prepares FLUSH message\n  drops i_ceph_lock        \u003c---\n  __send_cap() \u2500\u2500 FLUSH(tid=10)\n\t                              MDS sends FLUSH_ACK(tid=10)\n                           ---\u003e       acquires i_ceph_lock\n                                      cf-\u003etid(10) \u003c= flush_tid(10),\n                                      detaches cf from i_cap_flush_list\n                                      drops i_ceph_lock\n                                      ceph_free_cap_flush(cf) \u003c- frees it!\n  acquires i_ceph_lock     \u003c---\n  for-loop advances:\n    cf = list_next_entry(cf, i_list)\n      -- UAF on freed cf-\u003ei_list.next\n\nThe cf was just sent by __kick_flushing_caps itself via __send_cap().\nThe MDS may respond with FLUSH_ACK quickly enough that\nhandle_cap_flush_ack() frees cf before __kick_flushing_caps can\nfinish the iteration.\n\nFix by converting to a manual while loop: save the next pointer\nunder i_ceph_lock before dropping it, then use the saved pointer\nafter reacquiring, so the potentially-freed cf is never accessed again."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 9.8,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:N - handle_cap_flush_ack() runs in the ceph-msgr kworker on CEPH_MSG_CLIENT_CAPS FLUSH_ACK from the MDS over TCP; a malicious or compromised MDS frees the ceph_cap_flush while __kick_flushing_caps() still holds that pointer after dropping i_ceph_lock to send FLUSH.\nAC:L - The MDS controls both sides of the race: it can induce kicking without s_mutex (reconnect sets CEPH_I_KICK_FLUSH, then delayed ceph_check_caps or revoke-queued writeback) and immediately send FLUSH_ACK for the known flush tid in the unlock window around __send_cap().\nPR:N - The attacker is the remote MDS peer on an already-connected kernel CephFS client and needs no Linux UID, capability, or init-namespace root on the victim, matching other MDS-driven client CVEs such as CVE-2026-89651.\nUI:N - Once CephFS is mounted (standard in Rook/Kubernetes/OpenStack), cap-flush kicking runs from mdsc delayed work and writeback, and FLUSH_ACK is processed automatically in kworker context with no further victim mount or interactive step at exploit time.\nS:U - The use-after-free is of a ceph_cap_flush object in the host kernel heap and stays inside the same kernel security authority; it does not cross a VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary.\nC:H - After ceph_free_cap_flush(), __kick_flushing_caps() does list_next_entry() on the freed cf; reclaiming the dedicated ceph_cap_flush slab with attacker-controlled objects yields a fake next pointer and arbitrary kernel read, scored High per UAF guidance.\nI:H - The iterator then treats the sprayed object as a live ceph_cap_flush (tid, caps, is_capsnap, i_list) and continues sending cap state from it, giving a heap-reuse write and control-flow hijack primitive scored High for use-after-free.\nA:H - Dereferencing freed cf-\u003ei_list.next oopses or panics the kicker thread even without full exploitation, and a malicious MDS can retrigger the race on every cap flush."
            }
          ]
        }
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      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-14T12:01:49.192Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/091137821e1fc88f37e15201abf055c9494ddc61"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/01542430081014d80fc9e70e92d6647432ddb7fc"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/23eb34a53a53cb1a6dab1eeee830633207ac158d"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/19f16f04c2b014a7dd214dc1e42557d8530b16f3"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2701431aa3cc8b23efe6890182e7b04f5e76fab5"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fe46746087b5b9c5bb2d022df6c7819218494ced"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2dba24dcd5050be4b7b119e6f0b01f62203b5d26"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7af4c4f01305b0935adf6d4301b1ec407025485d"
        }
      ],
      "title": "ceph: fix UAF in __kick_flushing_caps() on cf entry freed during unlock",
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-89655",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-11T19:45:44.841Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-11T19:38:34.743Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-14T12:01:49.192Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
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  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-89655",
      "date": "2026-09-15",
      "epss": "0.00704",
      "percentile": "0.51423"
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    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2026-89655\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2026-09-11T20:19:51.683\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-09-14T13:19:17.913\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Received\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nceph: fix UAF in __kick_flushing_caps() on cf entry freed during unlock\\n\\nlist_for_each_entry() iterates ci-\u003ei_cap_flush_list but drops\\ni_ceph_lock to send cap messages.  During the unlock window,\\nhandle_cap_flush_ack() can acquire i_ceph_lock, detach cf entries\\nwith tid \u003c= flush_tid from the list, release i_ceph_lock, and free\\nthem via ceph_free_cap_flush() outside any lock.  When the original\\nthread reacquires i_ceph_lock and the for-loop macro advances via\\ncf = list_next_entry(cf, i_list), it dereferences cf-\u003ei_list.next\\non freed memory.\\n\\nThe race timeline:\\n\\n  __kick_flushing_caps()              handle_cap_flush_ack()\\n  -----------------------             -----------------------\\n  holds i_ceph_lock        \u003c---\\n  iterates to cf (tid=10)\\n  prepares FLUSH message\\n  drops i_ceph_lock        \u003c---\\n  __send_cap() \u2500\u2500 FLUSH(tid=10)\\n\\t                              MDS sends FLUSH_ACK(tid=10)\\n                           ---\u003e       acquires i_ceph_lock\\n                                      cf-\u003etid(10) \u003c= flush_tid(10),\\n                                      detaches cf from i_cap_flush_list\\n                                      drops i_ceph_lock\\n                                      ceph_free_cap_flush(cf) \u003c- frees it!\\n  acquires i_ceph_lock     \u003c---\\n  for-loop advances:\\n    cf = list_next_entry(cf, i_list)\\n      -- UAF on freed cf-\u003ei_list.next\\n\\nThe cf was just sent by __kick_flushing_caps itself via __send_cap().\\nThe MDS may respond with FLUSH_ACK quickly enough that\\nhandle_cap_flush_ack() frees cf before __kick_flushing_caps can\\nfinish the iteration.\\n\\nFix by converting to a manual while loop: save the next pointer\\nunder i_ceph_lock before dropping it, then use the saved pointer\\nafter reacquiring, so the potentially-freed cf is never accessed again.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"fs/ceph/caps.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"e4500b5e35c213e0f97be7cb69328c0877203a79\",\"lessThan\":\"091137821e1fc88f37e15201abf055c9494ddc61\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"e4500b5e35c213e0f97be7cb69328c0877203a79\",\"lessThan\":\"01542430081014d80fc9e70e92d6647432ddb7fc\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"e4500b5e35c213e0f97be7cb69328c0877203a79\",\"lessThan\":\"23eb34a53a53cb1a6dab1eeee830633207ac158d\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"e4500b5e35c213e0f97be7cb69328c0877203a79\",\"lessThan\":\"19f16f04c2b014a7dd214dc1e42557d8530b16f3\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"e4500b5e35c213e0f97be7cb69328c0877203a79\",\"lessThan\":\"2701431aa3cc8b23efe6890182e7b04f5e76fab5\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"e4500b5e35c213e0f97be7cb69328c0877203a79\",\"lessThan\":\"fe46746087b5b9c5bb2d022df6c7819218494ced\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"e4500b5e35c213e0f97be7cb69328c0877203a79\",\"lessThan\":\"2dba24dcd5050be4b7b119e6f0b01f62203b5d26\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"e4500b5e35c213e0f97be7cb69328c0877203a79\",\"lessThan\":\"7af4c4f01305b0935adf6d4301b1ec407025485d\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"fs/ceph/caps.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"4.8\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"4.8\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.270\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.221\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.188\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.157\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.109\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.18.50\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.18.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"7.2.4\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"7.2.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"7.3-rc1\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":9.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"CRITICAL\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":3.9,\"impactScore\":5.9}]},\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/01542430081014d80fc9e70e92d6647432ddb7fc\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/091137821e1fc88f37e15201abf055c9494ddc61\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/19f16f04c2b014a7dd214dc1e42557d8530b16f3\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/23eb34a53a53cb1a6dab1eeee830633207ac158d\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2701431aa3cc8b23efe6890182e7b04f5e76fab5\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2dba24dcd5050be4b7b119e6f0b01f62203b5d26\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7af4c4f01305b0935adf6d4301b1ec407025485d\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fe46746087b5b9c5bb2d022df6c7819218494ced\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-15T17:58:57+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-89655",
      "id": "CVE-2026-89655",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-09-11T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "262",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "14",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: ceph: fix UAF in __kick_flushing_caps() on cf entry freed during unlock",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-89655.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.