CVE-2026-64378 (GCVE-0-2026-64378)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-25 08:50 – Updated: 2026-07-25 08:50
VLAI
Title
writeback: fix race between cgroup_writeback_umount() and inode_switch_wbs()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: writeback: fix race between cgroup_writeback_umount() and inode_switch_wbs() When a container exits, the following BUG_ON() is occasionally triggered: ================================================================== VFS: Busy inodes after unmount of sdb (ext4) ------------[ cut here ]------------ kernel BUG at fs/super.c:695! CPU: 3 PID: 6 Comm: containerd-shim Tainted: G OE K 6.6 #1 pstate: 63400009 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO +TCO +DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) pc : generic_shutdown_super+0xf0/0x100 lr : generic_shutdown_super+0xf0/0x100 Call trace: generic_shutdown_super+0xf0/0x100 kill_block_super+0x20/0x48 ext4_kill_sb+0x28/0x60 deactivate_locked_super+0x54/0x130 deactivate_super+0x84/0xa0 cleanup_mnt+0xa4/0x140 __cleanup_mnt+0x18/0x28 task_work_run+0x78/0xe0 do_notify_resume+0x204/0x240 ================================================================== The root cause is a race between cgroup_writeback_umount() and inode_switch_wbs()/cleanup_offline_cgwb(). There is a window between inode_prepare_wbs_switch() returning true and the subsequent wb_queue_isw() call. Following is the process that triggers the issue: CPU A (umount) | CPU B (writeback) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ inode_switch_wbs/cleanup_offline_cgwb atomic_inc(&isw_nr_in_flight) inode_prepare_wbs_switch -> passes SB_ACTIVE check __iget(inode) generic_shutdown_super sb->s_flags &= ~SB_ACTIVE cgroup_writeback_umount(sb) smp_mb() atomic_read(&isw_nr_in_flight) rcu_barrier() -> no pending RCU callbacks flush_workqueue(isw_wq) -> nothing queued, returns evict_inodes(sb) -> Inode skipped as isw still holds a ref. sop->put_super(sb) /* destroys percpu counters */ -> VFS: Busy inodes after unmount! wb_queue_isw() queue_work(isw_wq, ...) /* later in work function */ inode_switch_wbs_work_fn process_inode_switch_wbs iput() -> evict percpu_counter_dec() // UAF! Fix this by extending the RCU read-side critical section in inode_switch_wbs() and cleanup_offline_cgwb() to cover from inode_prepare_wbs_switch() through wb_queue_isw(). Since there is no sleep in this window, rcu_read_lock() can be used. Then add a synchronize_rcu() in cgroup_writeback_umount() before the existing rcu_barrier(), so that all in-flight switchers that have passed the SB_ACTIVE check have completed queue_work() before flush_workqueue() is called. The existing rcu_barrier() is intentionally retained so this fix can be backported unchanged to stable kernels (5.10.y, 6.6.y, ...) that still queue switches via queue_rcu_work(). It is a no-op on current mainline (since commit e1b849cfa6b6 ("writeback: Avoid contention on wb->list_lock when switching inodes")) and is removed in a follow-up patch.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: a1a0e23e49037c23ea84bc8cc146a03584d13577 , < 087d5b8b501c570f84bf655164e6698c3ce146e0 (git)
Affected: a1a0e23e49037c23ea84bc8cc146a03584d13577 , < 3c9c9648f77e4d14e50676bc51c2174ba9c8d361 (git)
Affected: a1a0e23e49037c23ea84bc8cc146a03584d13577 , < 5c3265f3252b2ee50707adaaa3f9bd0df3df72de (git)
Affected: a1a0e23e49037c23ea84bc8cc146a03584d13577 , < c923cc3cb5cd8945ceaf08252754110643446593 (git)
Affected: a1a0e23e49037c23ea84bc8cc146a03584d13577 , < 685fc15a410885b6d4dee64de0dce721b9428b12 (git)
Affected: a1a0e23e49037c23ea84bc8cc146a03584d13577 , < 53eeaf4d63068dbc7708b0c7adb20151c812feca (git)
Affected: a1a0e23e49037c23ea84bc8cc146a03584d13577 , < cba38ec4cbd3a7b8b942a8d52531a05be8a9ff0d (git)
Affected: c5cbbec54fe71c4de2d34f8c0ec8fbfdd7f17339 (git)
Affected: 4.4.5 , < 4.5 (semver)
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Linux Linux Affected: 4.5
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.5 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.261 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.178 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.145 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.96 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18.39 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.1.4 , ≤ 7.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.2-rc1 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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{
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        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nwriteback: fix race between cgroup_writeback_umount() and inode_switch_wbs()\n\nWhen a container exits, the following BUG_ON() is occasionally triggered:\n\n==================================================================\n VFS: Busy inodes after unmount of sdb (ext4)\n ------------[ cut here ]------------\n kernel BUG at fs/super.c:695!\n CPU: 3 PID: 6 Comm: containerd-shim Tainted: G OE K 6.6 #1\n pstate: 63400009 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO +TCO +DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)\n pc : generic_shutdown_super+0xf0/0x100\n lr : generic_shutdown_super+0xf0/0x100\n Call trace:\n  generic_shutdown_super+0xf0/0x100\n  kill_block_super+0x20/0x48\n  ext4_kill_sb+0x28/0x60\n  deactivate_locked_super+0x54/0x130\n  deactivate_super+0x84/0xa0\n  cleanup_mnt+0xa4/0x140\n  __cleanup_mnt+0x18/0x28\n  task_work_run+0x78/0xe0\n  do_notify_resume+0x204/0x240\n==================================================================\n\nThe root cause is a race between cgroup_writeback_umount() and\ninode_switch_wbs()/cleanup_offline_cgwb(). There is a window between\ninode_prepare_wbs_switch() returning true and the subsequent\nwb_queue_isw() call. Following is the process that triggers the issue:\n\n      CPU A (umount)           |          CPU B (writeback)\n~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n                                 inode_switch_wbs/cleanup_offline_cgwb\n                                  atomic_inc(\u0026isw_nr_in_flight)\n                                  inode_prepare_wbs_switch\n                                   -\u003e passes SB_ACTIVE check\n                                   __iget(inode)\n generic_shutdown_super\n  sb-\u003es_flags \u0026= ~SB_ACTIVE\n  cgroup_writeback_umount(sb)\n   smp_mb()\n   atomic_read(\u0026isw_nr_in_flight)\n   rcu_barrier()\n    -\u003e no pending RCU callbacks\n   flush_workqueue(isw_wq)\n    -\u003e nothing queued, returns\n  evict_inodes(sb)\n   -\u003e Inode skipped as isw still holds a ref.\n  sop-\u003eput_super(sb)\n   /* destroys percpu counters */\n  -\u003e VFS: Busy inodes after unmount!\n                                  wb_queue_isw()\n                                   queue_work(isw_wq, ...)\n                                  /* later in work function */\n                                  inode_switch_wbs_work_fn\n                                   process_inode_switch_wbs\n                                    iput() -\u003e evict\n                                     percpu_counter_dec() // UAF!\n\nFix this by extending the RCU read-side critical section in\ninode_switch_wbs() and cleanup_offline_cgwb() to cover from\ninode_prepare_wbs_switch() through wb_queue_isw().  Since there is\nno sleep in this window, rcu_read_lock() can be used.  Then add a\nsynchronize_rcu() in cgroup_writeback_umount() before the existing\nrcu_barrier(), so that all in-flight switchers that have passed the\nSB_ACTIVE check have completed queue_work() before flush_workqueue()\nis called.\n\nThe existing rcu_barrier() is intentionally retained so this fix can\nbe backported unchanged to stable kernels (5.10.y, 6.6.y, ...) that\nstill queue switches via queue_rcu_work(). It is a no-op on current\nmainline (since commit e1b849cfa6b6 (\"writeback: Avoid contention on\nwb-\u003elist_lock when switching inodes\")) and is removed in a follow-up\npatch."
        }
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        "dateUpdated": "2026-07-25T08:50:29.006Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/087d5b8b501c570f84bf655164e6698c3ce146e0"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3c9c9648f77e4d14e50676bc51c2174ba9c8d361"
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/685fc15a410885b6d4dee64de0dce721b9428b12"
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/53eeaf4d63068dbc7708b0c7adb20151c812feca"
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cba38ec4cbd3a7b8b942a8d52531a05be8a9ff0d"
        }
      ],
      "title": "writeback: fix race between cgroup_writeback_umount() and inode_switch_wbs()",
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    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-64378",
    "datePublished": "2026-07-25T08:50:29.006Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-07-19T15:36:31.784Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-07-25T08:50:29.006Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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    "epss": {
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      "date": "2026-07-26",
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    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2026-64378\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2026-07-25T10:17:20.940\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-07-25T10:17:20.940\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Received\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nwriteback: fix race between cgroup_writeback_umount() and inode_switch_wbs()\\n\\nWhen a container exits, the following BUG_ON() is occasionally triggered:\\n\\n==================================================================\\n VFS: Busy inodes after unmount of sdb (ext4)\\n ------------[ cut here ]------------\\n kernel BUG at fs/super.c:695!\\n CPU: 3 PID: 6 Comm: containerd-shim Tainted: G OE K 6.6 #1\\n pstate: 63400009 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO +TCO +DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)\\n pc : generic_shutdown_super+0xf0/0x100\\n lr : generic_shutdown_super+0xf0/0x100\\n Call trace:\\n  generic_shutdown_super+0xf0/0x100\\n  kill_block_super+0x20/0x48\\n  ext4_kill_sb+0x28/0x60\\n  deactivate_locked_super+0x54/0x130\\n  deactivate_super+0x84/0xa0\\n  cleanup_mnt+0xa4/0x140\\n  __cleanup_mnt+0x18/0x28\\n  task_work_run+0x78/0xe0\\n  do_notify_resume+0x204/0x240\\n==================================================================\\n\\nThe root cause is a race between cgroup_writeback_umount() and\\ninode_switch_wbs()/cleanup_offline_cgwb(). There is a window between\\ninode_prepare_wbs_switch() returning true and the subsequent\\nwb_queue_isw() call. Following is the process that triggers the issue:\\n\\n      CPU A (umount)           |          CPU B (writeback)\\n~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\\n                                 inode_switch_wbs/cleanup_offline_cgwb\\n                                  atomic_inc(\u0026isw_nr_in_flight)\\n                                  inode_prepare_wbs_switch\\n                                   -\u003e passes SB_ACTIVE check\\n                                   __iget(inode)\\n generic_shutdown_super\\n  sb-\u003es_flags \u0026= ~SB_ACTIVE\\n  cgroup_writeback_umount(sb)\\n   smp_mb()\\n   atomic_read(\u0026isw_nr_in_flight)\\n   rcu_barrier()\\n    -\u003e no pending RCU callbacks\\n   flush_workqueue(isw_wq)\\n    -\u003e nothing queued, returns\\n  evict_inodes(sb)\\n   -\u003e Inode skipped as isw still holds a ref.\\n  sop-\u003eput_super(sb)\\n   /* destroys percpu counters */\\n  -\u003e VFS: Busy inodes after unmount!\\n                                  wb_queue_isw()\\n                                   queue_work(isw_wq, ...)\\n                                  /* later in work function */\\n                                  inode_switch_wbs_work_fn\\n                                   process_inode_switch_wbs\\n                                    iput() -\u003e evict\\n                                     percpu_counter_dec() // UAF!\\n\\nFix this by extending the RCU read-side critical section in\\ninode_switch_wbs() and cleanup_offline_cgwb() to cover from\\ninode_prepare_wbs_switch() through wb_queue_isw().  Since there is\\nno sleep in this window, rcu_read_lock() can be used.  Then add a\\nsynchronize_rcu() in cgroup_writeback_umount() before the existing\\nrcu_barrier(), so that all in-flight switchers that have passed the\\nSB_ACTIVE check have completed queue_work() before flush_workqueue()\\nis called.\\n\\nThe existing rcu_barrier() is intentionally retained so this fix can\\nbe backported unchanged to stable kernels (5.10.y, 6.6.y, ...) that\\nstill queue switches via queue_rcu_work(). It is a no-op on current\\nmainline (since commit e1b849cfa6b6 (\\\"writeback: Avoid contention on\\nwb-\u003elist_lock when switching inodes\\\")) and is removed in a follow-up\\npatch.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"fs/fs-writeback.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"a1a0e23e49037c23ea84bc8cc146a03584d13577\",\"lessThan\":\"087d5b8b501c570f84bf655164e6698c3ce146e0\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"a1a0e23e49037c23ea84bc8cc146a03584d13577\",\"lessThan\":\"3c9c9648f77e4d14e50676bc51c2174ba9c8d361\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"a1a0e23e49037c23ea84bc8cc146a03584d13577\",\"lessThan\":\"5c3265f3252b2ee50707adaaa3f9bd0df3df72de\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"a1a0e23e49037c23ea84bc8cc146a03584d13577\",\"lessThan\":\"c923cc3cb5cd8945ceaf08252754110643446593\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"a1a0e23e49037c23ea84bc8cc146a03584d13577\",\"lessThan\":\"685fc15a410885b6d4dee64de0dce721b9428b12\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"a1a0e23e49037c23ea84bc8cc146a03584d13577\",\"lessThan\":\"53eeaf4d63068dbc7708b0c7adb20151c812feca\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"a1a0e23e49037c23ea84bc8cc146a03584d13577\",\"lessThan\":\"cba38ec4cbd3a7b8b942a8d52531a05be8a9ff0d\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c5cbbec54fe71c4de2d34f8c0ec8fbfdd7f17339\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"4.4.5\",\"lessThan\":\"4.5\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"fs/fs-writeback.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"4.5\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"4.5\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.261\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.178\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.145\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.96\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.18.39\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.18.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"7.1.4\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"7.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"7.2-rc1\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{},\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/087d5b8b501c570f84bf655164e6698c3ce146e0\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3c9c9648f77e4d14e50676bc51c2174ba9c8d361\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/53eeaf4d63068dbc7708b0c7adb20151c812feca\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5c3265f3252b2ee50707adaaa3f9bd0df3df72de\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/685fc15a410885b6d4dee64de0dce721b9428b12\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c923cc3cb5cd8945ceaf08252754110643446593\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cba38ec4cbd3a7b8b942a8d52531a05be8a9ff0d\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}]}}",
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "not set",
      "current_release_date": "2026-07-25T16:00:36Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-64378",
      "id": "CVE-2026-64378",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-07-25T16:00:36Z",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2026-64378",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2026-64378.json",
      "version": "2"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.