Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-54659 (GCVE-0-2026-54659)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-28 22:25 – Updated: 2026-07-29 13:06

Title

Pagy I18n locale option is not validated before being used in a file path

Summary

Pagy is agnostic pagination in plain Ruby. From 43.0.0 until 43.5.6, Pagy::I18n.locale= in gem/lib/pagy/modules/i18n/i18n.rb stored locale values verbatim and later used them as <locale>.yml path components, allowing untrusted params[:locale] values with absolute paths or ../ sequences to create a file existence and readability oracle for YAML files. This issue is fixed in version 43.5.6.

Severity

6.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-07-29 13:06 UTC

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CWE-200 - Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/security/advisori…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/pull/908	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/commit/efcf09690e…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/releases/tag/43.5.6	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
ddnexus	pagy	Affected: >= 43.0.0, < 43.5.6	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-54659",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-07-29T13:06:55.587193Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-07-29T13:06:59.870Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/security/advisories/GHSA-2xmw-f8j8-wfxc"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "pagy",
          "vendor": "ddnexus",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 43.0.0, \u003c 43.5.6"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Pagy is agnostic pagination in plain Ruby. From 43.0.0 until 43.5.6, Pagy::I18n.locale= in gem/lib/pagy/modules/i18n/i18n.rb stored locale values verbatim and later used them as \u003clocale\u003e.yml path components, allowing untrusted params[:locale] values with absolute paths or ../ sequences to create a file existence and readability oracle for YAML files. This issue is fixed in version 43.5.6."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 6.9,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-22",
              "description": "CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory (\u0027Path Traversal\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-200",
              "description": "CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-07-28T22:25:35.231Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/security/advisories/GHSA-2xmw-f8j8-wfxc",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/security/advisories/GHSA-2xmw-f8j8-wfxc"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/pull/908",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/pull/908"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/commit/efcf09690e9fa7d7abdfb987b785a55f87e287df",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/commit/efcf09690e9fa7d7abdfb987b785a55f87e287df"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/releases/tag/43.5.6",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/releases/tag/43.5.6"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-2xmw-f8j8-wfxc",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Pagy I18n locale option is not validated before being used in a file path"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-54659",
    "datePublished": "2026-07-28T22:25:35.231Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-06-15T20:16:46.199Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-07-29T13:06:59.870Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-54659",
      "date": "2026-09-21",
      "epss": "0.00368",
      "percentile": "0.30551"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "product": "pagy",
                "vendor": "ddnexus",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "\u003e= 43.0.0, \u003c 43.5.6"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "Pagy is agnostic pagination in plain Ruby. From 43.0.0 until 43.5.6, Pagy::I18n.locale= in gem/lib/pagy/modules/i18n/i18n.rb stored locale values verbatim and later used them as \u003clocale\u003e.yml path components, allowing untrusted params[:locale] values with absolute paths or ../ sequences to create a file existence and readability oracle for YAML files. This issue is fixed in version 43.5.6."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-54659",
        "lastModified": "2026-07-30T19:19:45.637",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV40": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackRequirements": "NONE",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "baseScore": 6.9,
                "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
                "version": "4.0",
                "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
                "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
                "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
              },
              "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ],
          "ssvcV203": [
            {
              "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "ssvcData": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-54659",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "technicalImpact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-07-29T13:06:55.587193Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2026-07-28T23:17:09.067",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/commit/efcf09690e9fa7d7abdfb987b785a55f87e287df"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/pull/908"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/releases/tag/43.5.6"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/security/advisories/GHSA-2xmw-f8j8-wfxc"
          },
          {
            "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
            "url": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/security/advisories/GHSA-2xmw-f8j8-wfxc"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "vulnStatus": "Deferred",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-22"
              },
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-200"
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "type": "Secondary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": {
        "adp": [
          {
            "metrics": [
              {
                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "id": "CVE-2026-54659",
                    "options": [
                      {
                        "Exploitation": "none"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "yes"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "partial"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2026-07-29T13:06:55.587193Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2026-07-29T13:04:54.779Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "references": [
              {
                "tags": [
                  "exploit"
                ],
                "url": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/security/advisories/GHSA-2xmw-f8j8-wfxc"
              }
            ],
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "product": "pagy",
              "vendor": "ddnexus",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "\u003e= 43.0.0, \u003c 43.5.6"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "Pagy is agnostic pagination in plain Ruby. From 43.0.0 until 43.5.6, Pagy::I18n.locale= in gem/lib/pagy/modules/i18n/i18n.rb stored locale values verbatim and later used them as \u003clocale\u003e.yml path components, allowing untrusted params[:locale] values with absolute paths or ../ sequences to create a file existence and readability oracle for YAML files. This issue is fixed in version 43.5.6."
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV4_0": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackRequirements": "NONE",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "baseScore": 6.9,
                "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
                "version": "4.0",
                "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
                "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE"
              }
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-22",
                  "description": "CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory (\u0027Path Traversal\u0027)",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-200",
                  "description": "CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-07-28T22:25:35.231Z",
            "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
            "shortName": "GitHub_M"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/security/advisories/GHSA-2xmw-f8j8-wfxc",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/security/advisories/GHSA-2xmw-f8j8-wfxc"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/pull/908",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/pull/908"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/commit/efcf09690e9fa7d7abdfb987b785a55f87e287df",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/commit/efcf09690e9fa7d7abdfb987b785a55f87e287df"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/releases/tag/43.5.6",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/releases/tag/43.5.6"
            }
          ],
          "source": {
            "advisory": "GHSA-2xmw-f8j8-wfxc",
            "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
          },
          "title": "Pagy I18n locale option is not validated before being used in a file path"
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
        "cveId": "CVE-2026-54659",
        "datePublished": "2026-07-28T22:25:35.231Z",
        "dateReserved": "2026-06-15T20:16:46.199Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-07-29T13:06:59.870Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}

FKIE_CVE-2026-54659

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-07-28 23:17 - Updated: 2026-07-30 19:19

Severity

6.9 (Medium) - CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/commit/efcf09690e9fa7d7abdfb987b785a55f87e287df
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/pull/908
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/releases/tag/43.5.6
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/security/advisories/GHSA-2xmw-f8j8-wfxc
	134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/security/advisories/GHSA-2xmw-f8j8-wfxc

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "pagy",
          "vendor": "ddnexus",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 43.0.0, \u003c 43.5.6"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Pagy is agnostic pagination in plain Ruby. From 43.0.0 until 43.5.6, Pagy::I18n.locale= in gem/lib/pagy/modules/i18n/i18n.rb stored locale values verbatim and later used them as \u003clocale\u003e.yml path components, allowing untrusted params[:locale] values with absolute paths or ../ sequences to create a file existence and readability oracle for YAML files. This issue is fixed in version 43.5.6."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-54659",
  "lastModified": "2026-07-30T19:19:45.637",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV40": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackRequirements": "NONE",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "baseScore": 6.9,
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
          "version": "4.0",
          "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
          "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
        },
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2026-54659",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "yes"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2026-07-29T13:06:55.587193Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-07-28T23:17:09.067",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/commit/efcf09690e9fa7d7abdfb987b785a55f87e287df"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/pull/908"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/releases/tag/43.5.6"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/security/advisories/GHSA-2xmw-f8j8-wfxc"
    },
    {
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "url": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/security/advisories/GHSA-2xmw-f8j8-wfxc"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Deferred",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-22"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-200"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2XMW-F8J8-WFXC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-28 22:25 – Updated: 2026-07-28 22:25

Summary

Pagy I18n locale option is not validated before being used in a file path

Details

Summary

Pagy::I18n.locale= did not validate its argument before using it as a path component to load the matching dictionary file (<locale>.yml). An application that assigns untrusted input to the locale — e.g. the common pattern Pagy::I18n.locale = params[:locale] — let that input influence which file Pagy attempted to load.

Details

The setter stored the value as-is, and the loader joined it into a path and read it:

# gem/lib/pagy/modules/i18n/i18n.rb
def locale=(value)
  Thread.current[:pagy_locale] = value.to_s
end

# ...later, when translating:
path = pathnames.reverse.map { |p| p.join("#{locale}.yml") }.find(&:exist?)
dictionary = YAML.load_file(path)[locale]

Because the locale was used verbatim, a value such as an absolute path or a ../-style string redirected the lookup outside the locales directory. Pagy's subsequent structural check (dictionary['pagy']['p11n']) prevents the file's contents from being returned, so this is not a direct file read.

Fixed in 43.5.6 by constraining the locale to a BCP 47 shape before use:

LOCALE_PATTERN = /\A[a-zA-Z]{2,8}(-[a-zA-Z0-9]{1,8})*\z/

def locale=(value)
  Thread.current[:pagy_locale] = value.to_s[LOCALE_PATTERN]
end

Any non-matching value (including nil) resolves to the default locale and never reaches the file lookup.

PoC

In an application that sets Pagy::I18n.locale = params[:locale], the loader appends .yml and reads <locale>.yml, so the request param controls the target path. For example, pointing it at the app's config/database.yml:

Send a request with ?locale=../../../config/database (adjust the number of ../ to reach the app root from the gem's locales/ directory).
Pagy calls YAML.load_file on the resulting …/config/database.yml.
The outcome differs by whether that .yml exists, is readable, parses as YAML, and has Pagy's expected structure — an existing, readable config/database.yml raises a different error than a non-existent path (which silently falls back to the default locale). This yields a file-existence / readability oracle for .yml paths, and the targeted file is read into the process during the attempt.

Impact

Information disclosure (CWE-22 / CWE-200): a file-existence / readability oracle for .yml paths on the host, plus a server-side read of attacker-chosen files into the process. The file contents are not returned in the response.

Only applications that pass unsanitized end-user input into Pagy::I18n.locale= are affected. Applications that set the locale from trusted values are not affected.

Patched: pagy 43.5.6. Workaround (if you cannot upgrade): validate the locale before assigning it, e.g. Pagy::I18n.locale = params[:locale].to_s[/\A[a-zA-Z]{2,8}(-[a-zA-Z0-9]{1,8})*\z/], or restrict it to your known set of locales.

Severity

6.9 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "pagy"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "43.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "43.5.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-54659"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-200",
      "CWE-22"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-28T22:25:29Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\n`Pagy::I18n.locale=` did not validate its argument before using it as a\npath component to load the matching dictionary file (`\u003clocale\u003e.yml`). An\napplication that assigns untrusted input to the locale \u2014 e.g. the common\npattern `Pagy::I18n.locale = params[:locale]` \u2014 let that input influence\nwhich file Pagy attempted to load.\n\n### Details\n\nThe setter stored the value as-is, and the loader joined it into a path\nand read it:\n\n```ruby\n# gem/lib/pagy/modules/i18n/i18n.rb\ndef locale=(value)\n  Thread.current[:pagy_locale] = value.to_s\nend\n\n# ...later, when translating:\npath = pathnames.reverse.map { |p| p.join(\"#{locale}.yml\") }.find(\u0026:exist?)\ndictionary = YAML.load_file(path)[locale]\n```\n\nBecause the locale was used verbatim, a value such as an absolute path or\na `../`-style string redirected the lookup outside the locales directory.\nPagy\u0027s subsequent structural check (`dictionary[\u0027pagy\u0027][\u0027p11n\u0027]`)\nprevents the file\u0027s contents from being returned, so this is **not** a\ndirect file read.\n\nFixed in 43.5.6 by constraining the locale to a BCP 47 shape before use:\n\n```ruby\nLOCALE_PATTERN = /\\A[a-zA-Z]{2,8}(-[a-zA-Z0-9]{1,8})*\\z/\n\ndef locale=(value)\n  Thread.current[:pagy_locale] = value.to_s[LOCALE_PATTERN]\nend\n```\n\nAny non-matching value (including `nil`) resolves to the default locale\nand never reaches the file lookup.\n\n### PoC\n\nIn an application that sets `Pagy::I18n.locale = params[:locale]`, the\nloader appends `.yml` and reads `\u003clocale\u003e.yml`, so the request param\ncontrols the target path. For example, pointing it at the app\u0027s\n`config/database.yml`:\n\n1. Send a request with `?locale=../../../config/database` (adjust the\n   number of `../` to reach the app root from the gem\u0027s `locales/`\n   directory).\n2. Pagy calls `YAML.load_file` on the resulting `\u2026/config/database.yml`.\n3. The outcome differs by whether that `.yml` exists, is readable, parses\n   as YAML, and has Pagy\u0027s expected structure \u2014 an existing, readable\n   `config/database.yml` raises a different error than a non-existent\n   path (which silently falls back to the default locale). This yields a\n   file-existence / readability oracle for `.yml` paths, and the targeted\n   file is read into the process during the attempt.\n\n### Impact\n\nInformation disclosure (CWE-22 / CWE-200): a file-existence / readability\noracle for `.yml` paths on the host, plus a server-side read of\nattacker-chosen files into the process. The file contents are not\nreturned in the response.\n\nOnly applications that pass **unsanitized end-user input** into\n`Pagy::I18n.locale=` are affected. Applications that set the locale from\ntrusted values are not affected.\n\n**Patched:** pagy 43.5.6.\n**Workaround (if you cannot upgrade):** validate the locale before\nassigning it, e.g.\n`Pagy::I18n.locale = params[:locale].to_s[/\\A[a-zA-Z]{2,8}(-[a-zA-Z0-9]{1,8})*\\z/]`,\nor restrict it to your known set of locales.",
  "id": "GHSA-2xmw-f8j8-wfxc",
  "modified": "2026-07-28T22:25:29Z",
  "published": "2026-07-28T22:25:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/security/advisories/GHSA-2xmw-f8j8-wfxc"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/pull/908"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/commit/efcf09690e9fa7d7abdfb987b785a55f87e287df"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ddnexus/pagy/releases/tag/43.5.6"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Pagy I18n locale option is not validated before being used in a file path"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-54659 (GCVE-0-2026-54659)

FKIE_CVE-2026-54659

GHSA-2XMW-F8J8-WFXC

Summary

Details

PoC

Impact

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Related by attack behaviour