Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-44840 (GCVE-0-2026-44840)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 13:27 – Updated: 2026-07-09 13:29

Title

Dgraph Vulnerable to DQL Injection via checkUserPassword GraphQL Query

Summary

Dgraph is an open source distributed GraphQL database. Prior to version 25.3.4, the `checkUserPassword` GraphQL query in Dgraph is vulnerable to DQL (Dgraph Query Language) injection. User-supplied password values are interpolated directly into a DQL `checkpwd()` query via `fmt.Sprintf` without any escaping or parameterization. An attacker can inject a password containing a double-quote character to break out of the DQL string literal and append arbitrary DQL query blocks. Version 25.3.4 patches the issue.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-943 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/dgraph-io/dgraph/security/advi…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/dgraph-io/dgraph/commit/cee702…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/dgraph-io/dgraph/releases/tag/…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
dgraph-io	dgraph	Affected: < 25.3.4

Show details on NVD website

JSON

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FKIE_CVE-2026-44840

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-07-08 14:16 - Updated: 2026-07-09 15:16

Severity

7.5 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/dgraph-io/dgraph/commit/cee702c93f141eeb0c96a81f70830ec9e459efac
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/dgraph-io/dgraph/releases/tag/v25.3.4
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/dgraph-io/dgraph/security/advisories/GHSA-q2m9-6jp9-c6mc
	134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	https://github.com/dgraph-io/dgraph/security/advisories/GHSA-q2m9-6jp9-c6mc

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "dgraph",
          "vendor": "dgraph-io",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 25.3.4"
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    }
  ],
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  "lastModified": "2026-07-09T15:16:35.207",
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GHSA-Q2M9-6JP9-C6MC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-29 22:53 – Updated: 2026-06-29 22:53

Summary

Dgraph Vulnerable to DQL Injection via checkUserPassword GraphQL Query

Details

Summary

The checkUserPassword GraphQL query in Dgraph is vulnerable to DQL (Dgraph Query Language) injection. User-supplied password values are interpolated directly into a DQL checkpwd() query via fmt.Sprintf without any escaping or parameterization. An attacker can inject a password containing a double-quote character to break out of the DQL string literal and append arbitrary DQL query blocks.

Details

Vulnerable Code Path

The vulnerability exists in the GraphQL-to-DQL query rewriting layer:

query_rewriter.go (~line 364) — The checkpwd() DQL function is constructed using fmt.Sprintf:

go fmt.Sprintf(`checkpwd(User.password, "%s")`, password)

The raw password string from the GraphQL query input is embedded directly into the DQL query without escaping double quotes or other special characters.

graphquery.go — The constructed query attribute is serialized into the final DQL string via b.WriteString(query.Attr), passing the unsanitized content directly to the Dgraph query engine.

Attack Mechanism

A password value containing a double-quote (") terminates the string literal in the checkpwd() function. Any content after the escaped quote is parsed as additional DQL, allowing the attacker to inject arbitrary query blocks.

Distinction from CVE-2026-41328 and CVE-2026-41327

CVE-2026-41328 and CVE-2026-41327 address DQL injection in edgraph/server.go, where GraphQL mutation inputs (upsert/delete) are embedded unsafely into DQL mutations. Those fixes sanitize the mutation path.

This vulnerability is in a completely different code path — the GraphQL query rewriter (query_rewriter.go → graphquery.go). The checkUserPassword GraphQL query triggers a DQL query via checkpwd(), and this query construction was not covered by the patches for CVE-2026-41328/CVE-2026-41327.

PoC

curl -s -X POST http://TARGET:8080/graphql \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{ "query": "query { checkUserPassword(name: \"admin\", password: \"x\\\") { uid } injected(func: has(User.name)) { User.name User.email } dummy(func: eq(x, \\\"x\") { msg } }") { msg } }" }'

What to observe:

The touched_uids field in the extensions section of the response will be elevated (indicating the injected blocks executed)
Dgraph server logs (dgraph alpha output) will show the injected query blocks being parsed and executed
The response itself may be filtered by the GraphQL layer, but server-side execution is confirmed

Impact

Data enumeration: Injected query blocks execute server-side and can probe for the existence of predicates, types, and nodes via touched_uids metrics and server logs.
Schema discovery: An attacker can enumerate all predicates and types in the database by injecting schema {} blocks or has() queries.
Resource exhaustion: Expensive injected queries (recursive traversals, large aggregations) execute at the DQL layer, consuming server resources regardless of whether results are returned to the attacker.
Potential data disclosure: Depending on Dgraph configuration (e.g., debug mode, custom extensions), injected query results may leak into the response.

CVSS 3.1: 7.5 High — AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Network-accessible via any GraphQL endpoint
No authentication required (checkUserPassword is an unauthenticated query)
Low attack complexity (single crafted HTTP request)
High confidentiality impact (server-side query execution confirmed, data enumeration possible)

Affected Versions

All versions of Dgraph that include GraphQL support with the @secret directive are affected:

<= v25.3.3
Any version where query_rewriter.go constructs checkpwd() via string interpolation

Suggested Fix

Escape or parameterize the password value before embedding it in the DQL query. At minimum, double-quote characters in the password must be escaped:

// Before (vulnerable):
fmt.Sprintf(`checkpwd(User.password, "%s")`, password)

// After (escaped):
escaped := strings.ReplaceAll(password, `\`, `\\`)
escaped = strings.ReplaceAll(escaped, `"`, `\"`)
fmt.Sprintf(`checkpwd(User.password, "%s")`, escaped)

Ideally, Dgraph should implement parameterized query support for the checkpwd() function to avoid string interpolation entirely, consistent with best practices for injection prevention.

Credit

Kai Aizen (kai.aizen.dev@gmail.com)

Severity

7.5 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

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  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 25.3.3"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/dgraph-io/dgraph/v25"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "25.3.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-44840"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-943"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-29T22:53:52Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nThe `checkUserPassword` GraphQL query in Dgraph is vulnerable to DQL (Dgraph Query Language) injection. User-supplied password values are interpolated directly into a DQL `checkpwd()` query via `fmt.Sprintf` without any escaping or parameterization. An attacker can inject a password containing a double-quote character to break out of the DQL string literal and append arbitrary DQL query blocks.\n\n## Details\n\n### Vulnerable Code Path\n\nThe vulnerability exists in the GraphQL-to-DQL query rewriting layer:\n\n1. **`query_rewriter.go` (~line 364)** \u2014 The `checkpwd()` DQL function is constructed using `fmt.Sprintf`:\n\n   ```go\n   fmt.Sprintf(`checkpwd(User.password, \"%s\")`, password)\n   ```\n\n   The raw password string from the GraphQL query input is embedded directly into the DQL query without escaping double quotes or other special characters.\n\n2. **`graphquery.go`** \u2014 The constructed query attribute is serialized into the final DQL string via `b.WriteString(query.Attr)`, passing the unsanitized content directly to the Dgraph query engine.\n\n### Attack Mechanism\n\nA password value containing a double-quote (`\"`) terminates the string literal in the `checkpwd()` function. Any content after the escaped quote is parsed as additional DQL, allowing the attacker to inject arbitrary query blocks.\n\n### Distinction from CVE-2026-41328 and CVE-2026-41327\n\nCVE-2026-41328 and CVE-2026-41327 address DQL injection in **`edgraph/server.go`**, where GraphQL mutation inputs (upsert/delete) are embedded unsafely into DQL mutations. Those fixes sanitize the mutation path.\n\nThis vulnerability is in a **completely different code path** \u2014 the **GraphQL query rewriter** (`query_rewriter.go` \u2192 `graphquery.go`). The `checkUserPassword` GraphQL query triggers a DQL *query* via `checkpwd()`, and this query construction was not covered by the patches for CVE-2026-41328/CVE-2026-41327.\n\n## PoC\n\n```bash\ncurl -s -X POST http://TARGET:8080/graphql \\\n  -H \"Content-Type: application/json\" \\\n  -d \u0027{ \"query\": \"query { checkUserPassword(name: \\\"admin\\\", password: \\\"x\\\\\\\") { uid } injected(func: has(User.name)) { User.name User.email } dummy(func: eq(x, \\\\\\\"x\\\") { msg } }\") { msg } }\" }\u0027\n```\n\n**What to observe:**\n\n- The `touched_uids` field in the `extensions` section of the response will be elevated (indicating the injected blocks executed)\n- Dgraph server logs (`dgraph alpha` output) will show the injected query blocks being parsed and executed\n- The response itself may be filtered by the GraphQL layer, but server-side execution is confirmed\n\n## Impact\n\n- **Data enumeration**: Injected query blocks execute server-side and can probe for the existence of predicates, types, and nodes via `touched_uids` metrics and server logs.\n- **Schema discovery**: An attacker can enumerate all predicates and types in the database by injecting `schema {}` blocks or `has()` queries.\n- **Resource exhaustion**: Expensive injected queries (recursive traversals, large aggregations) execute at the DQL layer, consuming server resources regardless of whether results are returned to the attacker.\n- **Potential data disclosure**: Depending on Dgraph configuration (e.g., debug mode, custom extensions), injected query results may leak into the response.\n\n**CVSS 3.1: 7.5 High** \u2014 `AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N`\n\n- Network-accessible via any GraphQL endpoint\n- No authentication required (`checkUserPassword` is an unauthenticated query)\n- Low attack complexity (single crafted HTTP request)\n- High confidentiality impact (server-side query execution confirmed, data enumeration possible)\n\n## Affected Versions\n\nAll versions of Dgraph that include GraphQL support with the `@secret` directive are affected:\n\n- \u003c= v25.3.3\n- Any version where `query_rewriter.go` constructs `checkpwd()` via string interpolation\n\n## Suggested Fix\n\nEscape or parameterize the password value before embedding it in the DQL query. At minimum, double-quote characters in the password must be escaped:\n\n```go\n// Before (vulnerable):\nfmt.Sprintf(`checkpwd(User.password, \"%s\")`, password)\n\n// After (escaped):\nescaped := strings.ReplaceAll(password, `\\`, `\\\\`)\nescaped = strings.ReplaceAll(escaped, `\"`, `\\\"`)\nfmt.Sprintf(`checkpwd(User.password, \"%s\")`, escaped)\n```\n\nIdeally, Dgraph should implement parameterized query support for the `checkpwd()` function to avoid string interpolation entirely, consistent with best practices for injection prevention.\n\n## Credit\n\nKai Aizen (kai.aizen.dev@gmail.com)",
  "id": "GHSA-q2m9-6jp9-c6mc",
  "modified": "2026-06-29T22:53:52Z",
  "published": "2026-06-29T22:53:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dgraph-io/dgraph/security/advisories/GHSA-q2m9-6jp9-c6mc"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dgraph-io/dgraph/commit/cee702c93f141eeb0c96a81f70830ec9e459efac"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/dgraph-io/dgraph"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dgraph-io/dgraph/releases/tag/v25.3.4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Dgraph Vulnerable to DQL Injection via checkUserPassword GraphQL Query"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-44840 (GCVE-0-2026-44840)

FKIE_CVE-2026-44840

GHSA-Q2M9-6JP9-C6MC

Summary

Details

Vulnerable Code Path

Attack Mechanism

Distinction from CVE-2026-41328 and CVE-2026-41327

PoC

Impact

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Suggested Fix

Credit

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Sightings

Nomenclature