Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-41893 (GCVE-0-2026-41893)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-09 19:12 – Updated: 2026-05-14 17:50

Title

Signal K Server's WebSocket Login Endpoint Lacks Rate Limiting (Credential Brute-Force)

Summary

Signal K Server is a server application that runs on a central hub in a boat. Prior to version 2.25.0, the HTTP login endpoints (POST /login and POST /signalk/v1/auth/login) are protected by express-rate-limit (default: 100 attempts per 10-minute window, configurable via HTTP_RATE_LIMITS). The WebSocket login path — sending {login: {username, password}} messages over an established WebSocket connection — calls app.securityStrategy.login() directly without any rate limiting. An attacker can bypass HTTP rate limiting entirely by opening a WebSocket connection and attempting unlimited password guesses at the speed bcrypt allows (~20 attempts/sec with 10 salt rounds). This issue has been patched in version 2.25.0.

Severity

8.7 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-05-14 17:50 UTC

CWE

CWE-307 - Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/securit…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/pull/2568	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/commit/…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/release…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
SignalK	signalk-server	Affected: < 2.25.0	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2026-41893

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-05-09 20:16 - Updated: 2026-07-24 19:10

Severity

7.5 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

Summary

References

URL	Tags
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/commit/215d81eb700d5419c3396a0fbf23f2e246dfac2d	Patch
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/pull/2568	Issue Tracking, Patch
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/releases/tag/v2.25.0	Product, Release Notes
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/security/advisories/GHSA-vmfm-ch9h-5c7g	Exploit, Mitigation, Vendor Advisory
134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/security/advisories/GHSA-vmfm-ch9h-5c7g	Exploit, Mitigation, Vendor Advisory

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	signalk	signal_k_server	*

JSON

To clipboard

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  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "signalk-server",
          "vendor": "SignalK",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 2.25.0"
            }
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        }
      ],
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    }
  ],
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              "versionEndExcluding": "2.25.0",
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          "operator": "OR"
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    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
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    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-41893",
  "lastModified": "2026-07-24T19:10:00.160",
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          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
          "version": "4.0",
          "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
        },
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2026-41893",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "poc"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "yes"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2026-05-14T17:50:07.187900Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-05-09T20:16:27.273",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/commit/215d81eb700d5419c3396a0fbf23f2e246dfac2d"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Issue Tracking",
        "Patch"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/pull/2568"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Product",
        "Release Notes"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/releases/tag/v2.25.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Mitigation",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/security/advisories/GHSA-vmfm-ch9h-5c7g"
    },
    {
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Mitigation",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/security/advisories/GHSA-vmfm-ch9h-5c7g"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-307"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VMFM-CH9H-5C7G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-04 20:52 – Updated: 2026-05-13 13:41

Summary

Signal K Server's WebSocket Login Endpoint Lacks Rate Limiting (Credential Brute-Force)

Details

Summary

The HTTP login endpoints (POST /login and POST /signalk/v1/auth/login) are protected by express-rate-limit (default: 100 attempts per 10-minute window, configurable via HTTP_RATE_LIMITS). The WebSocket login path — sending {login: {username, password}} messages over an established WebSocket connection — calls app.securityStrategy.login() directly without any rate limiting.

An attacker can bypass HTTP rate limiting entirely by opening a WebSocket connection and attempting unlimited password guesses at the speed bcrypt allows (~20 attempts/sec with 10 salt rounds).

Details

Vulnerable code: src/interfaces/ws.ts, function processLoginRequest (lines 753-780)

The function directly calls app.securityStrategy.login(msg.login.username, msg.login.password) with no throttling or attempt tracking.

Rate-limited HTTP path for comparison: src/tokensecurity.ts lines 609-617 apply loginLimiter middleware to the HTTP login routes at line 637.

Steps to Reproduce

Start Signal K server with security enabled
Open a WebSocket connection to ws://server:3000/signalk/v1/stream?subscribe=none
Wait for the hello message
Send login attempts in rapid succession: json {"requestId": "1", "login": {"username": "admin", "password": "guess1"}} {"requestId": "2", "login": {"username": "admin", "password": "guess2"}}
Observe that all attempts are processed without any 429 response or throttling
For comparison, send 100+ HTTP POST requests to /signalk/v1/auth/login — the 101st returns 429

A POC script is available that demonstrates both the HTTP rate limiting working correctly and the WebSocket path accepting unlimited attempts.

Impact

Credential brute-forcing via the WebSocket protocol at ~20 attempts/sec (bcrypt-limited)
Complete bypass of the HTTP rate limiting defense
A single WebSocket connection is sufficient for unlimited attempts
With multiple parallel connections, throughput multiplies
A 10,000-word dictionary attack completes in ~8 minutes over a single connection

Signal K servers are commonly deployed on boat networks where they may be accessible to other devices on the same LAN.

CWE

CWE-307: Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts

Suggested Fix

Track failed login attempts per remote IP in a shared store (or reuse the existing express-rate-limit store) that is checked in both the HTTP login middleware and the processLoginRequest WebSocket handler.

Context

Found while building an open source maritime security scanner. Verified on v2.24.0 (current master).

Discovered by Mark Curphey

Severity

8.7 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Show details on source website

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.24.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "signalk-server"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.25.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-41893"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-307"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-04T20:52:06Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-09T20:16:27Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nThe HTTP login endpoints (`POST /login` and `POST /signalk/v1/auth/login`) are protected by `express-rate-limit` (default: 100 attempts per 10-minute window, configurable via `HTTP_RATE_LIMITS`). The WebSocket login path \u2014 sending `{login: {username, password}}` messages over an established WebSocket connection \u2014 calls `app.securityStrategy.login()` directly without any rate limiting.\n\nAn attacker can bypass HTTP rate limiting entirely by opening a WebSocket connection and attempting unlimited password guesses at the speed bcrypt allows (~20 attempts/sec with 10 salt rounds).\n\n## Details\n\n**Vulnerable code:** `src/interfaces/ws.ts`, function `processLoginRequest` (lines 753-780)\n\nThe function directly calls `app.securityStrategy.login(msg.login.username, msg.login.password)` with no throttling or attempt tracking.\n\n**Rate-limited HTTP path for comparison:** `src/tokensecurity.ts` lines 609-617 apply `loginLimiter` middleware to the HTTP login routes at line 637.\n\n## Steps to Reproduce\n\n1. Start Signal K server with security enabled\n2. Open a WebSocket connection to `ws://server:3000/signalk/v1/stream?subscribe=none`\n3. Wait for the hello message\n4. Send login attempts in rapid succession:\n   ```json\n   {\"requestId\": \"1\", \"login\": {\"username\": \"admin\", \"password\": \"guess1\"}}\n   {\"requestId\": \"2\", \"login\": {\"username\": \"admin\", \"password\": \"guess2\"}}\n   ```\n5. Observe that all attempts are processed without any 429 response or throttling\n6. For comparison, send 100+ HTTP POST requests to `/signalk/v1/auth/login` \u2014 the 101st returns 429\n\nA POC script is available that demonstrates both the HTTP rate limiting working correctly and the WebSocket path accepting unlimited attempts.\n\n## Impact\n\n- Credential brute-forcing via the WebSocket protocol at ~20 attempts/sec (bcrypt-limited)\n- Complete bypass of the HTTP rate limiting defense\n- A single WebSocket connection is sufficient for unlimited attempts\n- With multiple parallel connections, throughput multiplies\n- A 10,000-word dictionary attack completes in ~8 minutes over a single connection\n\nSignal K servers are commonly deployed on boat networks where they may be accessible to other devices on the same LAN.\n\n## CWE\n\nCWE-307: Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts\n\n## Suggested Fix\n\nTrack failed login attempts per remote IP in a shared store (or reuse the existing express-rate-limit store) that is checked in both the HTTP login middleware and the processLoginRequest WebSocket handler.\n\n## Context\n\nFound while building an open source maritime security scanner. Verified on v2.24.0 (current master).\n\nDiscovered by Mark Curphey",
  "id": "GHSA-vmfm-ch9h-5c7g",
  "modified": "2026-05-13T13:41:34Z",
  "published": "2026-05-04T20:52:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/security/advisories/GHSA-vmfm-ch9h-5c7g"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41893"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/pull/2568"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/commit/215d81eb700d5419c3396a0fbf23f2e246dfac2d"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/releases/tag/v2.25.0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Signal K Server\u0027s WebSocket Login Endpoint Lacks Rate Limiting (Credential Brute-Force)"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

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Action not permitted

CVE-2026-41893 (GCVE-0-2026-41893)

FKIE_CVE-2026-41893

GHSA-VMFM-CH9H-5C7G

Summary

Details

Steps to Reproduce

Impact

CWE

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