Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-23735 (GCVE-0-2026-23735)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-16 20:04 – Updated: 2026-01-16 20:28

Title

Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition') in graphql-modules

Summary

GraphQL Modules is a toolset of libraries and guidelines dedicated to create reusable, maintainable, testable and extendable modules out of your GraphQL server. From 2.2.1 to before 2.4.1 and 3.1.1, when 2 or more parallel requests are made which trigger the same service, the context of the requests is mixed up in the service when the context is injected via @ExecutionContext(). ExecutionContext is often used to pass authentication tokens from incoming requests to services loading data from backend APIs. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.4.1 and 3.1.1.

Severity ?

8.7 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CWE

CWE-362 - Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

URL

Tags

	https://github.com/graphql-hive/graphql-modules/s…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
	https://github.com/graphql-hive/graphql-modules/i…	x_refsource_MISC
	https://github.com/graphql-hive/graphql-modules/p…	x_refsource_MISC
	https://github.com/graphql-hive/graphql-modules/r…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	graphql-hive	graphql-modules	Affected: >= 2.2.1, < 2.4.1 Affected: >= 3.0.0, < 3.1.1

Show details on NVD website

JSON

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GHSA-53WG-R69P-V3R7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-16 21:09 – Updated: 2026-01-16 21:56

Summary

GraphQL Modules has a Race Condition issue

Details

Summary

Originally reported as an issue #2613 but should be elevated to a security issue as the ExecutionContext is often used to pass authentication tokens from incoming requests to services loading data from backend APIs.

Details

When 2 or more parallel requests are made which trigger the same service, the context of the requests is mixed up in the service when the context is injected via @ExecutionContext()

PoC

In a new project/folder, create and install the following package.json:

{
  "name": "GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "jest"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "graphql-modules": "2.4.0"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties": "^7.18.6",
    "@babel/plugin-proposal-decorators": "^7.28.6",
    "babel-plugin-parameter-decorator": "^1.0.16",
    "jest": "^29.7.0",
    "reflect-metadata": "^0.2.2"
  }
}

with:

npm i

configure babel.config.json using:

{
  "plugins": [
    ["@babel/plugin-proposal-decorators", { "legacy": true }],
    "babel-plugin-parameter-decorator",
    "@babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties"
  ]
}

then write the following test GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7.spec.ts:

require("reflect-metadata");
const {
  createApplication,
  createModule,
  Injectable,
  Scope,
  ExecutionContext,
  gql,
  testkit,
} = require("graphql-modules");

test("accessing a singleton provider context during another asynchronous execution", async () => {
  @Injectable({ scope: Scope.Singleton })
  class IdentifierProvider {
    @ExecutionContext()
    context;

    getId() {
      return this.context.identifier;
    }
  }

  const { promise: gettingBefore, resolve: gotBefore } = createDeferred();

  const { promise: waitForGettingAfter, resolve: getAfter } = createDeferred();

  const mod = createModule({
    id: "mod",
    providers: [IdentifierProvider],
    typeDefs: gql`
      type Query {
        getAsyncIdentifiers: Identifiers!
      }

      type Identifiers {
        before: String!
        after: String!
      }
    `,
    resolvers: {
      Query: {
        async getAsyncIdentifiers(_0, _1, context) {
          const before = context.injector.get(IdentifierProvider).getId();
          gotBefore();
          await waitForGettingAfter;
          const after = context.injector.get(IdentifierProvider).getId();
          return { before, after };
        },
      },
    },
  });

  const app = createApplication({
    modules: [mod],
  });

  const document = gql`
    {
      getAsyncIdentifiers {
        before
        after
      }
    }
  `;

  const firstResult$ = testkit.execute(app, {
    contextValue: {
      identifier: "first",
    },
    document,
  });

  await gettingBefore;

  const secondResult$ = testkit.execute(app, {
    contextValue: {
      identifier: "second",
    },
    document,
  });

  getAfter();

  await expect(firstResult$).resolves.toEqual({
    data: {
      getAsyncIdentifiers: {
        before: "first",
        after: "first",
      },
    },
  });

  await expect(secondResult$).resolves.toEqual({
    data: {
      getAsyncIdentifiers: {
        before: "second",
        after: "second",
      },
    },
  });
});

function createDeferred() {
  let resolve, reject;
  const promise = new Promise((res, rej) => {
    resolve = res;
    reject = rej;
  });
  return {
    promise,
    resolve,
    reject,
  };
}

and execute using:

npm test

Your project tree should look like this:

GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7
    package.json
    package-lock.json
    babel.config.json
    GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7.spec.js

Expected vs. Actual Outcome

- Expected  - 1
+ Received  + 1

  Object {
    "data": Object {
      "getAsyncIdentifiers": Object {
-       "after": "first",
+       "after": "second",
        "before": "first",
      },
    },
  }

Impact

Any application that uses services that inject the context using @ExecutionContext() are at risk. The more traffic an application has, the higher the chance for parallel requests, the higher the risk.

Severity ?

8.7 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "graphql-modules"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.2.1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.4.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "graphql-modules"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.1.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-23735"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-16T21:09:08Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-16T20:15:51Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nOriginally reported as an issue #2613 but should be elevated to a security issue as the ExecutionContext is often used to pass authentication tokens from incoming requests to services loading data from backend APIs.\n\n### Details\nWhen 2 or more parallel requests are made which trigger the same service, the context of the requests is mixed up in the service when the context is injected via `@ExecutionContext()`\n\n### PoC\n\nIn a new project/folder, create and install the following `package.json`:\n\n```json\n{\n  \"name\": \"GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7\",\n  \"scripts\": {\n    \"test\": \"jest\"\n  },\n  \"dependencies\": {\n    \"graphql-modules\": \"2.4.0\"\n  },\n  \"devDependencies\": {\n    \"@babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties\": \"^7.18.6\",\n    \"@babel/plugin-proposal-decorators\": \"^7.28.6\",\n    \"babel-plugin-parameter-decorator\": \"^1.0.16\",\n    \"jest\": \"^29.7.0\",\n    \"reflect-metadata\": \"^0.2.2\"\n  }\n}\n```\n\nwith:\n\n```\nnpm i\n```\n\nconfigure `babel.config.json` using:\n\n```json\n{\n  \"plugins\": [\n    [\"@babel/plugin-proposal-decorators\", { \"legacy\": true }],\n    \"babel-plugin-parameter-decorator\",\n    \"@babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties\"\n  ]\n}\n```\n\nthen write the following test `GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7.spec.ts`:\n\n```js\nrequire(\"reflect-metadata\");\nconst {\n  createApplication,\n  createModule,\n  Injectable,\n  Scope,\n  ExecutionContext,\n  gql,\n  testkit,\n} = require(\"graphql-modules\");\n\ntest(\"accessing a singleton provider context during another asynchronous execution\", async () =\u003e {\n  @Injectable({ scope: Scope.Singleton })\n  class IdentifierProvider {\n    @ExecutionContext()\n    context;\n\n    getId() {\n      return this.context.identifier;\n    }\n  }\n\n  const { promise: gettingBefore, resolve: gotBefore } = createDeferred();\n\n  const { promise: waitForGettingAfter, resolve: getAfter } = createDeferred();\n\n  const mod = createModule({\n    id: \"mod\",\n    providers: [IdentifierProvider],\n    typeDefs: gql`\n      type Query {\n        getAsyncIdentifiers: Identifiers!\n      }\n\n      type Identifiers {\n        before: String!\n        after: String!\n      }\n    `,\n    resolvers: {\n      Query: {\n        async getAsyncIdentifiers(_0, _1, context) {\n          const before = context.injector.get(IdentifierProvider).getId();\n          gotBefore();\n          await waitForGettingAfter;\n          const after = context.injector.get(IdentifierProvider).getId();\n          return { before, after };\n        },\n      },\n    },\n  });\n\n  const app = createApplication({\n    modules: [mod],\n  });\n\n  const document = gql`\n    {\n      getAsyncIdentifiers {\n        before\n        after\n      }\n    }\n  `;\n\n  const firstResult$ = testkit.execute(app, {\n    contextValue: {\n      identifier: \"first\",\n    },\n    document,\n  });\n\n  await gettingBefore;\n\n  const secondResult$ = testkit.execute(app, {\n    contextValue: {\n      identifier: \"second\",\n    },\n    document,\n  });\n\n  getAfter();\n\n  await expect(firstResult$).resolves.toEqual({\n    data: {\n      getAsyncIdentifiers: {\n        before: \"first\",\n        after: \"first\",\n      },\n    },\n  });\n\n  await expect(secondResult$).resolves.toEqual({\n    data: {\n      getAsyncIdentifiers: {\n        before: \"second\",\n        after: \"second\",\n      },\n    },\n  });\n});\n\nfunction createDeferred() {\n  let resolve, reject;\n  const promise = new Promise((res, rej) =\u003e {\n    resolve = res;\n    reject = rej;\n  });\n  return {\n    promise,\n    resolve,\n    reject,\n  };\n}\n```\n\nand execute using:\n\n```\nnpm test\n```\n\nYour project tree should look like this:\n\n```\nGHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7\n    package.json\n    package-lock.json\n    babel.config.json\n    GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7.spec.js\n```\n\n#### Expected vs. Actual Outcome\n\n```diff\n- Expected  - 1\n+ Received  + 1\n\n  Object {\n    \"data\": Object {\n      \"getAsyncIdentifiers\": Object {\n-       \"after\": \"first\",\n+       \"after\": \"second\",\n        \"before\": \"first\",\n      },\n    },\n  }\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nAny application that uses services that inject the context using `@ExecutionContext()` are at risk. The more traffic an application has, the higher the chance for parallel requests, the higher the risk.",
  "id": "GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7",
  "modified": "2026-01-16T21:56:53Z",
  "published": "2026-01-16T21:09:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/graphql-hive/graphql-modules/security/advisories/GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23735"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/graphql-hive/graphql-modules/issues/2613"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/graphql-hive/graphql-modules/pull/2521"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/graphql-hive/graphql-modules"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/graphql-hive/graphql-modules/releases/tag/release-1768575025568"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "GraphQL Modules has a Race Condition issue"
}

FKIE_CVE-2026-23735

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-01-16 20:15 - Updated: 2026-01-16 20:15

Severity ?

8.7 (High) - CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/graphql-hive/graphql-modules/issues/2613
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/graphql-hive/graphql-modules/pull/2521
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/graphql-hive/graphql-modules/releases/tag/release-1768575025568
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/graphql-hive/graphql-modules/security/advisories/GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "GraphQL Modules is a toolset of libraries and guidelines dedicated to create reusable, maintainable, testable and extendable modules out of your GraphQL server. From 2.2.1 to before 2.4.1 and 3.1.1, when 2 or more parallel requests are made which trigger the same service, the context of the requests is mixed up in the service when the context is injected via @ExecutionContext(). ExecutionContext is often used to pass authentication tokens from incoming requests to services loading data from backend APIs. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.4.1 and 3.1.1."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-23735",
  "lastModified": "2026-01-16T20:15:51.473",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV40": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackRequirements": "NONE",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "baseScore": 8.7,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
          "version": "4.0",
          "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
        },
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-01-16T20:15:51.473",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/graphql-hive/graphql-modules/issues/2613"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/graphql-hive/graphql-modules/pull/2521"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/graphql-hive/graphql-modules/releases/tag/release-1768575025568"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/graphql-hive/graphql-modules/security/advisories/GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Received",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-362"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Primary"
    }
  ]
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-23735 (GCVE-0-2026-23735)

GHSA-53WG-R69P-V3R7

Summary

Details

PoC

Expected vs. Actual Outcome

Impact

FKIE_CVE-2026-23735

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature