CVE-2025-40215 (GCVE-0-2025-40215)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-04 12:38 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:08
VLAI
Title
xfrm: delete x->tunnel as we delete x
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfrm: delete x->tunnel as we delete x The ipcomp fallback tunnels currently get deleted (from the various lists and hashtables) as the last user state that needed that fallback is destroyed (not deleted). If a reference to that user state still exists, the fallback state will remain on the hashtables/lists, triggering the WARN in xfrm_state_fini. Because of those remaining references, the fix in commit f75a2804da39 ("xfrm: destroy xfrm_state synchronously on net exit path") is not complete. We recently fixed one such situation in TCP due to defered freeing of skbs (commit 9b6412e6979f ("tcp: drop secpath at the same time as we currently drop dst")). This can also happen due to IP reassembly: skbs with a secpath remain on the reassembly queue until netns destruction. If we can't guarantee that the queues are flushed by the time xfrm_state_fini runs, there may still be references to a (user) xfrm_state, preventing the timely deletion of the corresponding fallback state. Instead of chasing each instance of skbs holding a secpath one by one, this patch fixes the issue directly within xfrm, by deleting the fallback state as soon as the last user state depending on it has been deleted. Destruction will still happen when the final reference is dropped. A separate lockdep class for the fallback state is required since we're going to lock x->tunnel while x is locked.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: 9d4139c76905833afcb77fe8ccc17f302a0eb9ab , < 1b28a7fae0128fa140a7dccd995182ff6cd1c67b (git)
Affected: 9d4139c76905833afcb77fe8ccc17f302a0eb9ab , < 4b2c17d0f9be8b58bb30468bc81a4b61c985b04e (git)
Affected: 9d4139c76905833afcb77fe8ccc17f302a0eb9ab , < 0da961fa46da1b37ef868d9b603bd202136f8f8e (git)
Affected: 9d4139c76905833afcb77fe8ccc17f302a0eb9ab , < d0e0d1097118461463b76562c7ebaabaa5b90b13 (git)
Affected: 9d4139c76905833afcb77fe8ccc17f302a0eb9ab , < dc3636912d41770466543623cb76e7b88fdb42c7 (git)
Affected: 9d4139c76905833afcb77fe8ccc17f302a0eb9ab , < b441cf3f8c4b8576639d20c8eb4aa32917602ecd (git)
Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 2.6.29
Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.29 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.248 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.198 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.160 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.120 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.62 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.16 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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Because of those remaining\\nreferences, the fix in commit f75a2804da39 (\\\"xfrm: destroy xfrm_state\\nsynchronously on net exit path\\\") is not complete.\\n\\nWe recently fixed one such situation in TCP due to defered freeing of\\nskbs (commit 9b6412e6979f (\\\"tcp: drop secpath at the same time as we\\ncurrently drop dst\\\")). This can also happen due to IP reassembly: skbs\\nwith a secpath remain on the reassembly queue until netns\\ndestruction. If we can\u0027t guarantee that the queues are flushed by the\\ntime xfrm_state_fini runs, there may still be references to a (user)\\nxfrm_state, preventing the timely deletion of the corresponding\\nfallback state.\\n\\nInstead of chasing each instance of skbs holding a secpath one by one,\\nthis patch fixes the issue directly within xfrm, by deleting the\\nfallback state as soon as the last user state depending on it has been\\ndeleted. Destruction will still happen when the final reference is\\ndropped.\\n\\nA separate lockdep class for the fallback state is required since\\nwe\u0027re going to lock x-\u003etunnel while x is locked.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"include/net/xfrm.h\",\"net/ipv4/ipcomp.c\",\"net/ipv6/ipcomp6.c\",\"net/ipv6/xfrm6_tunnel.c\",\"net/xfrm/xfrm_ipcomp.c\",\"net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"9d4139c76905833afcb77fe8ccc17f302a0eb9ab\",\"lessThan\":\"1b28a7fae0128fa140a7dccd995182ff6cd1c67b\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"9d4139c76905833afcb77fe8ccc17f302a0eb9ab\",\"lessThan\":\"4b2c17d0f9be8b58bb30468bc81a4b61c985b04e\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"9d4139c76905833afcb77fe8ccc17f302a0eb9ab\",\"lessThan\":\"0da961fa46da1b37ef868d9b603bd202136f8f8e\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"9d4139c76905833afcb77fe8ccc17f302a0eb9ab\",\"lessThan\":\"d0e0d1097118461463b76562c7ebaabaa5b90b13\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"9d4139c76905833afcb77fe8ccc17f302a0eb9ab\",\"lessThan\":\"dc3636912d41770466543623cb76e7b88fdb42c7\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"9d4139c76905833afcb77fe8ccc17f302a0eb9ab\",\"lessThan\":\"b441cf3f8c4b8576639d20c8eb4aa32917602ecd\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"include/net/xfrm.h\",\"net/ipv4/ipcomp.c\",\"net/ipv6/ipcomp6.c\",\"net/ipv6/xfrm6_tunnel.c\",\"net/xfrm/xfrm_ipcomp.c\",\"net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"2.6.29\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"2.6.29\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.248\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.198\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.160\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.120\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.62\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.16\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9}],\"ssvcV203\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"ssvcData\":{\"timestamp\":\"2026-06-16T19:56:10.578142Z\",\"id\":\"CVE-2025-40215\",\"options\":[{\"exploitation\":\"none\"},{\"automatable\":\"no\"},{\"technicalImpact\":\"partial\"}],\"role\":\"CISA Coordinator\",\"version\":\"2.0.3\"}}]},\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0da961fa46da1b37ef868d9b603bd202136f8f8e\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1b28a7fae0128fa140a7dccd995182ff6cd1c67b\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4b2c17d0f9be8b58bb30468bc81a4b61c985b04e\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b441cf3f8c4b8576639d20c8eb4aa32917602ecd\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d0e0d1097118461463b76562c7ebaabaa5b90b13\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dc3636912d41770466543623cb76e7b88fdb42c7\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}]}}",
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      "product_status:recommended": "654",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-40215",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-40215.json",
      "version": "47"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-40215\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2026-06-16T19:56:10.578142Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-06-16T19:56:15.418Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"xfrm: delete x-\u003etunnel as we delete x\", \"affected\": [{\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"9d4139c76905833afcb77fe8ccc17f302a0eb9ab\", \"lessThan\": \"1b28a7fae0128fa140a7dccd995182ff6cd1c67b\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"9d4139c76905833afcb77fe8ccc17f302a0eb9ab\", \"lessThan\": \"4b2c17d0f9be8b58bb30468bc81a4b61c985b04e\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"9d4139c76905833afcb77fe8ccc17f302a0eb9ab\", \"lessThan\": \"0da961fa46da1b37ef868d9b603bd202136f8f8e\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"9d4139c76905833afcb77fe8ccc17f302a0eb9ab\", \"lessThan\": \"d0e0d1097118461463b76562c7ebaabaa5b90b13\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"9d4139c76905833afcb77fe8ccc17f302a0eb9ab\", \"lessThan\": \"dc3636912d41770466543623cb76e7b88fdb42c7\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"9d4139c76905833afcb77fe8ccc17f302a0eb9ab\", \"lessThan\": \"b441cf3f8c4b8576639d20c8eb4aa32917602ecd\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"include/net/xfrm.h\", \"net/ipv4/ipcomp.c\", \"net/ipv6/ipcomp6.c\", \"net/ipv6/xfrm6_tunnel.c\", \"net/xfrm/xfrm_ipcomp.c\", \"net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"2.6.29\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"2.6.29\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.10.248\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.10.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.15.198\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.15.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.1.160\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.1.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.6.120\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.6.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.12.62\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.12.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.16\", \"versionType\": \"original_commit_for_fix\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"*\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"include/net/xfrm.h\", \"net/ipv4/ipcomp.c\", \"net/ipv6/ipcomp6.c\", \"net/ipv6/xfrm6_tunnel.c\", \"net/xfrm/xfrm_ipcomp.c\", \"net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1b28a7fae0128fa140a7dccd995182ff6cd1c67b\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4b2c17d0f9be8b58bb30468bc81a4b61c985b04e\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0da961fa46da1b37ef868d9b603bd202136f8f8e\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d0e0d1097118461463b76562c7ebaabaa5b90b13\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dc3636912d41770466543623cb76e7b88fdb42c7\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b441cf3f8c4b8576639d20c8eb4aa32917602ecd\"}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"bippy-1.2.0\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nxfrm: delete x-\u003etunnel as we delete x\\n\\nThe ipcomp fallback tunnels currently get deleted (from the various\\nlists and hashtables) as the last user state that needed that fallback\\nis destroyed (not deleted). If a reference to that user state still\\nexists, the fallback state will remain on the hashtables/lists,\\ntriggering the WARN in xfrm_state_fini. Because of those remaining\\nreferences, the fix in commit f75a2804da39 (\\\"xfrm: destroy xfrm_state\\nsynchronously on net exit path\\\") is not complete.\\n\\nWe recently fixed one such situation in TCP due to defered freeing of\\nskbs (commit 9b6412e6979f (\\\"tcp: drop secpath at the same time as we\\ncurrently drop dst\\\")). This can also happen due to IP reassembly: skbs\\nwith a secpath remain on the reassembly queue until netns\\ndestruction. If we can\u0027t guarantee that the queues are flushed by the\\ntime xfrm_state_fini runs, there may still be references to a (user)\\nxfrm_state, preventing the timely deletion of the corresponding\\nfallback state.\\n\\nInstead of chasing each instance of skbs holding a secpath one by one,\\nthis patch fixes the issue directly within xfrm, by deleting the\\nfallback state as soon as the last user state depending on it has been\\ndeleted. Destruction will still happen when the final reference is\\ndropped.\\n\\nA separate lockdep class for the fallback state is required since\\nwe\u0027re going to lock x-\u003etunnel while x is locked.\"}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.10.248\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"2.6.29\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.15.198\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"2.6.29\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.1.160\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"2.6.29\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.6.120\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"2.6.29\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.12.62\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"2.6.29\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.16\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"2.6.29\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"shortName\": \"Linux\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-05-11T21:44:59.604Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-40215\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-06-16T19:56:19.286Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-04-16T07:20:57.179Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-12-04T12:38:32.517Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Linux\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.