CVE-2025-37999 (GCVE-0-2025-37999)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-29 13:15 – Updated: 2026-05-11 21:19
VLAI
Title
fs/erofs/fileio: call erofs_onlinefolio_split() after bio_add_folio()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: fs/erofs/fileio: call erofs_onlinefolio_split() after bio_add_folio() If bio_add_folio() fails (because it is full), erofs_fileio_scan_folio() needs to submit the I/O request via erofs_fileio_rq_submit() and allocate a new I/O request with an empty `struct bio`. Then it retries the bio_add_folio() call. However, at this point, erofs_onlinefolio_split() has already been called which increments `folio->private`; the retry will call erofs_onlinefolio_split() again, but there will never be a matching erofs_onlinefolio_end() call. This leaves the folio locked forever and all waiters will be stuck in folio_wait_bit_common(). This bug has been added by commit ce63cb62d794 ("erofs: support unencoded inodes for fileio"), but was practically unreachable because there was room for 256 folios in the `struct bio` - until commit 9f74ae8c9ac9 ("erofs: shorten bvecs[] for file-backed mounts") which reduced the array capacity to 16 folios. It was now trivial to trigger the bug by manually invoking readahead from userspace, e.g.: posix_fadvise(fd, 0, st.st_size, POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED); This should be fixed by invoking erofs_onlinefolio_split() only after bio_add_folio() has succeeded. This is safe: asynchronous completions invoking erofs_onlinefolio_end() will not unlock the folio because erofs_fileio_scan_folio() is still holding a reference to be released by erofs_onlinefolio_end() at the end.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: ce63cb62d794c98c7631c2296fa845f2a8d0a4a1 , < 61e0fc3312309867e5a3495329dad0286d2a5703 (git)
Affected: ce63cb62d794c98c7631c2296fa845f2a8d0a4a1 , < c26076197df348c84cc23e5962d61902e072a0f5 (git)
Affected: ce63cb62d794c98c7631c2296fa845f2a8d0a4a1 , < bbfe756dc3062c1e934f06e5ba39c239aa953b92 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 6.12
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.12 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.29 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.14.7 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nfs/erofs/fileio: call erofs_onlinefolio_split() after bio_add_folio()\n\nIf bio_add_folio() fails (because it is full),\nerofs_fileio_scan_folio() needs to submit the I/O request via\nerofs_fileio_rq_submit() and allocate a new I/O request with an empty\n`struct bio`.  Then it retries the bio_add_folio() call.\n\nHowever, at this point, erofs_onlinefolio_split() has already been\ncalled which increments `folio-\u003eprivate`; the retry will call\nerofs_onlinefolio_split() again, but there will never be a matching\nerofs_onlinefolio_end() call.  This leaves the folio locked forever\nand all waiters will be stuck in folio_wait_bit_common().\n\nThis bug has been added by commit ce63cb62d794 (\"erofs: support\nunencoded inodes for fileio\"), but was practically unreachable because\nthere was room for 256 folios in the `struct bio` - until commit\n9f74ae8c9ac9 (\"erofs: shorten bvecs[] for file-backed mounts\") which\nreduced the array capacity to 16 folios.\n\nIt was now trivial to trigger the bug by manually invoking readahead\nfrom userspace, e.g.:\n\n posix_fadvise(fd, 0, st.st_size, POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED);\n\nThis should be fixed by invoking erofs_onlinefolio_split() only after\nbio_add_folio() has succeeded.  This is safe: asynchronous completions\ninvoking erofs_onlinefolio_end() will not unlock the folio because\nerofs_fileio_scan_folio() is still holding a reference to be released\nby erofs_onlinefolio_end() at the end."
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This leaves the folio locked forever\\nand all waiters will be stuck in folio_wait_bit_common().\\n\\nThis bug has been added by commit ce63cb62d794 (\\\"erofs: support\\nunencoded inodes for fileio\\\"), but was practically unreachable because\\nthere was room for 256 folios in the `struct bio` - until commit\\n9f74ae8c9ac9 (\\\"erofs: shorten bvecs[] for file-backed mounts\\\") which\\nreduced the array capacity to 16 folios.\\n\\nIt was now trivial to trigger the bug by manually invoking readahead\\nfrom userspace, e.g.:\\n\\n posix_fadvise(fd, 0, st.st_size, POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED);\\n\\nThis should be fixed by invoking erofs_onlinefolio_split() only after\\nbio_add_folio() has succeeded.  This is safe: asynchronous completions\\ninvoking erofs_onlinefolio_end() will not unlock the folio because\\nerofs_fileio_scan_folio() is still holding a reference to be released\\nby erofs_onlinefolio_end() at the end.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: fs/erofs/fileio: llamar a erofs_onlinefolio_split() despu\u00e9s de bio_add_folio(). Si bio_add_folio() falla (porque est\u00e1 lleno), erofs_fileio_scan_folio() debe enviar la solicitud de E/S mediante erofs_fileio_rq_submit() y asignar una nueva solicitud de E/S con un `struct bio` vac\u00edo. Luego, vuelve a intentar la llamada a bio_add_folio(). Sin embargo, en este punto, ya se ha llamado a erofs_onlinefolio_split(), lo que incrementa `folio-\u0026gt;private`; el reintento llamar\u00e1 a erofs_onlinefolio_split() de nuevo, pero nunca habr\u00e1 una llamada erofs_onlinefolio_end() coincidente. Esto deja el folio bloqueado para siempre y todos los que esperan quedar\u00e1n atascados en folio_wait_bit_common(). Este error se a\u00f1adi\u00f3 con el commit ce63cb62d794 (\\\"erofs: compatibilidad con inodos no codificados para fileio\\\"), pero era pr\u00e1cticamente imposible de solucionar porque hab\u00eda espacio para 256 folios en la estructura `struct bio`, hasta el commit 9f74ae8c9ac9 (\\\"erofs: acortar bvecs[] para montajes con respaldo de archivo\\\"), que redujo la capacidad del array a 16 folios. Ahora era f\u00e1cil activar el error invocando manualmente la lectura anticipada desde el espacio de usuario, por ejemplo: posix_fadvise(fd, 0, st.st_size, POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED); Esto deber\u00eda solucionarse invocando erofs_onlinefolio_split() solo despu\u00e9s de que bio_add_folio() se haya ejecutado correctamente. Esto es seguro: las finalizaciones asincr\u00f3nicas que invocan erofs_onlinefolio_end() no desbloquear\u00e1n el folio porque erofs_fileio_scan_folio() todav\u00eda contiene una referencia que erofs_onlinefolio_end() liberar\u00e1 al final.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"fs/erofs/fileio.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"ce63cb62d794c98c7631c2296fa845f2a8d0a4a1\",\"lessThan\":\"61e0fc3312309867e5a3495329dad0286d2a5703\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"ce63cb62d794c98c7631c2296fa845f2a8d0a4a1\",\"lessThan\":\"c26076197df348c84cc23e5962d61902e072a0f5\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"ce63cb62d794c98c7631c2296fa845f2a8d0a4a1\",\"lessThan\":\"bbfe756dc3062c1e934f06e5ba39c239aa953b92\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"fs/erofs/fileio.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"6.12\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"6.12\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.29\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.14.7\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.14.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.15\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":5.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":3.6}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"NVD-CWE-noinfo\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.12\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.12.29\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"69281F47-5478-4C16-818E-9DAC6D962CB6\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.13\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.14.7\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"5715A6F5-A34A-4B27-8A64-82825E963995\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.15:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"8D465631-2980-487A-8E65-40AE2B9F8ED1\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.15:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"4C9D071F-B28E-46EC-AC61-22B913390211\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.15:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"13FC0DDE-E513-465E-9E81-515702D49B74\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.15:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"8C7B5B0E-4EEB-48F5-B4CF-0935A7633845\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.15:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"2D240580-3048-49B2-9E27-F115A9DF8224\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/61e0fc3312309867e5a3495329dad0286d2a5703\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bbfe756dc3062c1e934f06e5ba39c239aa953b92\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c26076197df348c84cc23e5962d61902e072a0f5\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-30T00:14:30+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-37999",
      "id": "CVE-2025-37999",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-05-29T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "76",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "198",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: fs/erofs/fileio: call erofs_onlinefolio_split() after bio_add_folio()",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-37999.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

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  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
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  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


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