CVE-2024-49982 (GCVE-0-2024-49982)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-21 18:02 – Updated: 2026-05-11 20:43
VLAI?
Title
aoe: fix the potential use-after-free problem in more places
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: aoe: fix the potential use-after-free problem in more places For fixing CVE-2023-6270, f98364e92662 ("aoe: fix the potential use-after-free problem in aoecmd_cfg_pkts") makes tx() calling dev_put() instead of doing in aoecmd_cfg_pkts(). It avoids that the tx() runs into use-after-free. Then Nicolai Stange found more places in aoe have potential use-after-free problem with tx(). e.g. revalidate(), aoecmd_ata_rw(), resend(), probe() and aoecmd_cfg_rsp(). Those functions also use aoenet_xmit() to push packet to tx queue. So they should also use dev_hold() to increase the refcnt of skb->dev. On the other hand, moving dev_put() to tx() causes that the refcnt of skb->dev be reduced to a negative value, because corresponding dev_hold() are not called in revalidate(), aoecmd_ata_rw(), resend(), probe(), and aoecmd_cfg_rsp(). This patch fixed this issue.
Severity ?
No CVSS data available.
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: ad80c34944d7175fa1f5c7a55066020002921a99 , < 12f7b89dd72b25da4eeaa22097877963cad6418e (git)
Affected: 1a54aa506b3b2f31496731039e49778f54eee881 , < a786265aecf39015418e4f930cc1c14603a01490 (git)
Affected: faf0b4c5e00bb680e8e43ac936df24d3f48c8e65 , < f63461af2c1a86af4217910e47a5c46e3372e645 (git)
Affected: 7dd09fa80b0765ce68bfae92f4e2f395ccf0fba4 , < 07b418d50ccbbca7e5d87a3a0d41d436cefebf79 (git)
Affected: 74ca3ef68d2f449bc848c0a814cefc487bf755fa , < bc2cbf7525ac288e07d465f5a1d8cb8fb9599254 (git)
Affected: eb48680b0255a9e8a9bdc93d6a55b11c31262e62 , < acc5103a0a8c200a52af7d732c36a8477436a3d3 (git)
Affected: f98364e926626c678fb4b9004b75cacf92ff0662 , < 89d9a69ae0c667e4d9d028028e2dcc837bae626f (git)
Affected: f98364e926626c678fb4b9004b75cacf92ff0662 , < 8253a60c89ec35c8f36fb2cc08cdf854c7a3eb58 (git)
Affected: f98364e926626c678fb4b9004b75cacf92ff0662 , < 6d6e54fc71ad1ab0a87047fd9c211e75d86084a3 (git)
Affected: 079cba4f4e307c69878226fdf5228c20aa1c969c (git)
Affected: a16fbb80064634b254520a46395e36b87ca4731e (git)
Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 6.9
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.9 (semver)
Unaffected: 4.19.323 , ≤ 4.19.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.4.285 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.227 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.168 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.113 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.55 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.10.14 , ≤ 6.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.11.3 , ≤ 6.11.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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      "published": "2024-10-21T18:15:18.733",
      "references": "[{\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/07b418d50ccbbca7e5d87a3a0d41d436cefebf79\", \"source\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"tags\": [\"Patch\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/12f7b89dd72b25da4eeaa22097877963cad6418e\", \"source\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6d6e54fc71ad1ab0a87047fd9c211e75d86084a3\", \"source\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"tags\": [\"Patch\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8253a60c89ec35c8f36fb2cc08cdf854c7a3eb58\", \"source\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"tags\": [\"Patch\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/89d9a69ae0c667e4d9d028028e2dcc837bae626f\", \"source\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"tags\": [\"Patch\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a786265aecf39015418e4f930cc1c14603a01490\", \"source\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/acc5103a0a8c200a52af7d732c36a8477436a3d3\", \"source\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"tags\": [\"Patch\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bc2cbf7525ac288e07d465f5a1d8cb8fb9599254\", \"source\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"tags\": [\"Patch\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f63461af2c1a86af4217910e47a5c46e3372e645\", \"source\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"tags\": [\"Patch\"]}]",
      "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "vulnStatus": "Modified",
      "weaknesses": "[{\"source\": \"nvd@nist.gov\", \"type\": \"Primary\", \"description\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"CWE-416\"}]}]"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2024-49982\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2024-10-21T18:15:18.733\",\"lastModified\":\"2025-11-03T23:16:36.783\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\naoe: fix the potential use-after-free problem in more places\\n\\nFor fixing CVE-2023-6270, f98364e92662 (\\\"aoe: fix the potential\\nuse-after-free problem in aoecmd_cfg_pkts\\\") makes tx() calling dev_put()\\ninstead of doing in aoecmd_cfg_pkts(). It avoids that the tx() runs\\ninto use-after-free.\\n\\nThen Nicolai Stange found more places in aoe have potential use-after-free\\nproblem with tx(). e.g. revalidate(), aoecmd_ata_rw(), resend(), probe()\\nand aoecmd_cfg_rsp(). Those functions also use aoenet_xmit() to push\\npacket to tx queue. So they should also use dev_hold() to increase the\\nrefcnt of skb-\u003edev.\\n\\nOn the other hand, moving dev_put() to tx() causes that the refcnt of\\nskb-\u003edev be reduced to a negative value, because corresponding\\ndev_hold() are not called in revalidate(), aoecmd_ata_rw(), resend(),\\nprobe(), and aoecmd_cfg_rsp(). This patch fixed this issue.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: aoe: soluciona el posible problema de use-after-free en m\u00e1s lugares Para solucionar CVE-2023-6270, f98364e92662 (\\\"aoe: soluciona el posible problema de use-after-free en aoecmd_cfg_pkts\\\") hace que tx() llame a dev_put() en lugar de hacerlo en aoecmd_cfg_pkts(). Esto evita que tx() se ejecute en use-after-free. Luego, Nicolai Stange encontr\u00f3 que m\u00e1s lugares en aoe tienen un posible problema de use-after-free con tx(). Por ejemplo, revalidate(), aoecmd_ata_rw(), resend(), probe() y aoecmd_cfg_rsp(). Esas funciones tambi\u00e9n usan aoenet_xmit() para enviar paquetes a la cola de tx. Por lo tanto, tambi\u00e9n deber\u00edan usar dev_hold() para aumentar el refcnt de skb-\u0026gt;dev. Por otra parte, mover dev_put() a tx() hace que el refcnt de skb-\u0026gt;dev se reduzca a un valor negativo, porque los dev_hold() correspondientes no se llaman en revalidate(), aoecmd_ata_rw(), resend(), probe() y aoecmd_cfg_rsp(). Este parche solucion\u00f3 este problema.\"}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-416\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.10.214\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.10.227\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"A8846BE7-5AEC-4A74-8E34-0FE8B1205194\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.15.153\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.15.168\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"41952CCA-3B42-425D-A5FF-DE2474EC8369\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.1.83\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.1.113\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"161F9759-367F-4944-B666-215896634DCA\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.6.23\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.6.55\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"45944AD8-B4B6-4255-83BA-8A6750FEE47B\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.7.11\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.8.2\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"2DF20568-DF11-4303-9FA2-3DA7F6C84BD3\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.9\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.10.14\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"158EBA02-95B5-4E0A-85BC-1EAC91B085F6\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.11\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.11.3\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"54D9C704-D679-41A7-9C40-10A6B1E7FFE9\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:4.19.311:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"70FB9763-2A30-46A0-8FC0-C8152849C55A\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:5.4.273:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"517FA340-6242-490E-A71D-B855DEF4C620\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.12:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"7F361E1D-580F-4A2D-A509-7615F73167A1\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/07b418d50ccbbca7e5d87a3a0d41d436cefebf79\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/12f7b89dd72b25da4eeaa22097877963cad6418e\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6d6e54fc71ad1ab0a87047fd9c211e75d86084a3\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8253a60c89ec35c8f36fb2cc08cdf854c7a3eb58\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/89d9a69ae0c667e4d9d028028e2dcc837bae626f\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a786265aecf39015418e4f930cc1c14603a01490\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/acc5103a0a8c200a52af7d732c36a8477436a3d3\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bc2cbf7525ac288e07d465f5a1d8cb8fb9599254\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f63461af2c1a86af4217910e47a5c46e3372e645\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/01/msg00001.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00002.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}]}}",
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CVE Program Container\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00002.html\"}, {\"url\": \"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/01/msg00001.html\"}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"shortName\": \"CVE\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-11-03T22:24:03.908Z\"}}, {\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2024-49982\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2024-10-22T13:32:22.974285Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2024-10-22T13:32:26.019Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"aoe: fix the potential use-after-free problem in more places\", \"affected\": [{\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"ad80c34944d7175fa1f5c7a55066020002921a99\", \"lessThan\": \"12f7b89dd72b25da4eeaa22097877963cad6418e\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"1a54aa506b3b2f31496731039e49778f54eee881\", \"lessThan\": \"a786265aecf39015418e4f930cc1c14603a01490\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"faf0b4c5e00bb680e8e43ac936df24d3f48c8e65\", \"lessThan\": \"f63461af2c1a86af4217910e47a5c46e3372e645\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"7dd09fa80b0765ce68bfae92f4e2f395ccf0fba4\", \"lessThan\": \"07b418d50ccbbca7e5d87a3a0d41d436cefebf79\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"74ca3ef68d2f449bc848c0a814cefc487bf755fa\", \"lessThan\": \"bc2cbf7525ac288e07d465f5a1d8cb8fb9599254\", 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\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/acc5103a0a8c200a52af7d732c36a8477436a3d3\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/89d9a69ae0c667e4d9d028028e2dcc837bae626f\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8253a60c89ec35c8f36fb2cc08cdf854c7a3eb58\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6d6e54fc71ad1ab0a87047fd9c211e75d86084a3\"}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"bippy-1.2.0\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\naoe: fix the potential use-after-free problem in more places\\n\\nFor fixing CVE-2023-6270, f98364e92662 (\\\"aoe: fix the potential\\nuse-after-free problem in aoecmd_cfg_pkts\\\") makes tx() calling dev_put()\\ninstead of doing in aoecmd_cfg_pkts(). It avoids that the tx() runs\\ninto use-after-free.\\n\\nThen Nicolai Stange found more places in aoe have potential use-after-free\\nproblem with tx(). e.g. revalidate(), aoecmd_ata_rw(), resend(), probe()\\nand aoecmd_cfg_rsp(). Those functions also use aoenet_xmit() to push\\npacket to tx queue. So they should also use dev_hold() to increase the\\nrefcnt of skb-\u003edev.\\n\\nOn the other hand, moving dev_put() to tx() causes that the refcnt of\\nskb-\u003edev be reduced to a negative value, because corresponding\\ndev_hold() are not called in revalidate(), aoecmd_ata_rw(), resend(),\\nprobe(), and aoecmd_cfg_rsp(). This patch fixed this issue.\"}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"4.19.323\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.19.311\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.4.285\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.4.273\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.10.227\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.10.214\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.15.168\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.15.153\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.1.113\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"6.1.83\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.6.55\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"6.6.23\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.10.14\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"6.9\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.11.3\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"6.9\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.12\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"6.9\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionStartIncluding\": \"6.7.11\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionStartIncluding\": \"6.8.2\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"shortName\": \"Linux\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-05-04T12:59:17.641Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2024-49982\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-11-03T22:24:03.908Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2024-10-21T12:17:06.052Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"datePublished\": \"2024-10-21T18:02:27.820Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Linux\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}


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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


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Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

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