Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2024-40627 (GCVE-0-2024-40627)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-15 19:21 – Updated: 2024-08-02 04:33

Title

OpaMiddleware does not filter HTTP OPTIONS requests

Summary

Fastapi OPA is an opensource fastapi middleware which includes auth flow. HTTP `OPTIONS` requests are always allowed by `OpaMiddleware`, even when they lack authentication, and are passed through directly to the application. `OpaMiddleware` allows all HTTP `OPTIONS` requests without evaluating it against any policy. If an application provides different responses to HTTP `OPTIONS` requests based on an entity existing (such as to indicate whether an entity is writable on a system level), an unauthenticated attacker could discover which entities exist within an application. This issue has been addressed in release version 2.0.1. All users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.

Severity

5.8 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2024-07-15 20:03 UTC

CWE

CWE-204 - Observable Response Discrepancy

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/security…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/commit/9…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/blob/6dd…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
busykoala	fastapi-opa	Affected: < 2.0.1	guessed
busykoala	fastapi-opa	Affected: 0 , < 2.0.1 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:busykoala:fastapi-opa::::::::

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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}

FKIE_CVE-2024-40627

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2024-07-15 20:15 - Updated: 2026-06-17 07:46

Severity

5.8 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/blob/6dd6f8c87e908fe080784a74707f016f1422b58a/fastapi_opa/opa/opa_middleware.py#L79-L80
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/commit/9588109ff651f7ffc92687129c4956126443fb8c
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/security/advisories/GHSA-5f5c-8rvc-j8wf
	af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/blob/6dd6f8c87e908fe080784a74707f016f1422b58a/fastapi_opa/opa/opa_middleware.py#L79-L80
	af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/commit/9588109ff651f7ffc92687129c4956126443fb8c
	af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/security/advisories/GHSA-5f5c-8rvc-j8wf

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "fastapi-opa",
          "vendor": "busykoala",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 2.0.1"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    },
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:busykoala:fastapi-opa:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unknown",
          "product": "fastapi-opa",
          "vendor": "busykoala",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "2.0.1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0"
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Fastapi OPA is an opensource fastapi middleware which includes auth flow. HTTP `OPTIONS` requests are always allowed by `OpaMiddleware`, even when they lack authentication, and are passed through directly to the application. `OpaMiddleware` allows all HTTP `OPTIONS` requests without evaluating it against any policy. If an application provides different responses to HTTP `OPTIONS` requests based on an entity existing (such as to indicate whether an entity is writable on a system level), an unauthenticated attacker could discover which entities exist within an application. This issue has been addressed in release version 2.0.1. All users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "Fastapi OPA es un middleware fastapi de c\u00f3digo abierto que incluye flujo de autenticaci\u00f3n. Las solicitudes HTTP `OPCIONES` siempre son permitidas por `OpaMiddleware`, incluso cuando carecen de autenticaci\u00f3n, y se pasan directamente a la aplicaci\u00f3n. `OpaMiddleware` permite todas las solicitudes HTTP de `OPCIONES` sin evaluarlas con respecto a ninguna pol\u00edtica. Si una aplicaci\u00f3n proporciona diferentes respuestas a las solicitudes HTTP \"OPCIONES\" basadas en una entidad existente (por ejemplo, para indicar si se puede escribir en una entidad a nivel del sistema), un atacante no autenticado podr\u00eda descubrir qu\u00e9 entidades existen dentro de una aplicaci\u00f3n. Este problema se solucion\u00f3 en la versi\u00f3n 2.0.1. Se recomienda a todos los usuarios que actualicen. No se conocen workarounds para esta vulnerabilidad."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2024-40627",
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T07:46:11.900",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "baseScore": 5.8,
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "CHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
        "impactScore": 1.4,
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2024-40627",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "poc"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "yes"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2024-07-15T20:03:55.852372Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2024-07-15T20:15:05.033",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/blob/6dd6f8c87e908fe080784a74707f016f1422b58a/fastapi_opa/opa/opa_middleware.py#L79-L80"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/commit/9588109ff651f7ffc92687129c4956126443fb8c"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/security/advisories/GHSA-5f5c-8rvc-j8wf"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "url": "https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/blob/6dd6f8c87e908fe080784a74707f016f1422b58a/fastapi_opa/opa/opa_middleware.py#L79-L80"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "url": "https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/commit/9588109ff651f7ffc92687129c4956126443fb8c"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "url": "https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/security/advisories/GHSA-5f5c-8rvc-j8wf"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Deferred",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-204"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5F5C-8RVC-J8WF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-15 17:49 – Updated: 2024-07-15 21:39

Summary

OpaMiddleware does not filter HTTP OPTIONS requests

Details

Summary

HTTP OPTIONS requests are always allowed by OpaMiddleware, even when they lack authentication, and are passed through directly to the application.

The maintainer uncertain whether this should be classed as a "bug" or "security issue" – but is erring on the side of "security issue" as an application could reasonably assume OPA controls apply to all HTTP methods, and it bypasses more sophisticated policies.

Details

OpaMiddleware allows all HTTP OPTIONS requests without evaluating it against any policy:

https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/blob/6dd6f8c87e908fe080784a74707f016f1422b58a/fastapi_opa/opa/opa_middleware.py#L79-L80

If an application provides different responses to HTTP OPTIONS requests based on an entity existing (such as to indicate whether an entity is writable on a system level), an unauthenticated attacker could discover which entities exist within an application (CWE-204).

PoC

This toy application is based on the behaviour of an app[^1] which can use fastapi-opa. The app uses the Allow header of a HTTP OPTIONS to indicate whether an entity is writable on a "system" level, and returns HTTP 404 for unknown entities:

[^1]: an open source app, not written by me

# Run with: fastapi dev opa-poc.py --port 9999
from fastapi import FastAPI, Response, HTTPException
from fastapi_opa import OPAConfig, OPAMiddleware
from fastapi_opa.auth.auth_api_key import APIKeyAuthentication, APIKeyConfig

# OPA doesn't actually need to be running for this example
opa_host = "http://localhost:8181"
api_key_config = APIKeyConfig(
    header_key = 'ApiKey',
    api_key = 'secret-key',
)
api_key_auth = APIKeyAuthentication(api_key_config)
opa_config = OPAConfig(authentication=api_key_auth, opa_host=opa_host)

app = FastAPI()
app.add_middleware(OPAMiddleware, config=opa_config)

WRITABLE_ITEMS = {
    1: True,
    2: False,
}


@app.get("/")
async def root() -> dict:
    return {"msg": "success"}

@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
async def read_item(item_id: int):
    if item_id not in WRITABLE_ITEMS:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404)
    return {"item_id": item_id}

@app.options("/items/{item_id}")
async def read_item_options(response: Response, item_id: int) -> dict:
    if item_id not in WRITABLE_ITEMS:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404)

    response.headers["Allow"] = "OPTIONS, GET" + (", POST" if WRITABLE_ITEMS[item_id] else "")
    return {}

As expected, HTTP GET requests fail consistently when unauthenticated, regardless of whether the entity exists, because read_item() is never executed:

$ curl -i 'http://localhost:9999/items/1'
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
server: uvicorn
content-length: 26
content-type: application/json

{"message":"Unauthorized"}

$ curl -i 'http://localhost:9999/items/3'
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
server: uvicorn
content-length: 26
content-type: application/json

{"message":"Unauthorized"}

However, HTTP OPTIONS requests are never authenticated by OpaMiddleware, so are passed straight through to read_item_options() and returned to unauthenticated users:

$ curl -i -X OPTIONS 'http://localhost:9999/items/1'
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
server: uvicorn
content-length: 2
content-type: application/json
allow: OPTIONS, GET, POST

{}

$ curl -i -X OPTIONS 'http://localhost:9999/items/2'
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
server: uvicorn
content-length: 2
content-type: application/json
allow: OPTIONS, GET

{}

$ curl -i -X OPTIONS 'http://localhost:9999/items/3'
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
server: uvicorn
content-length: 22
content-type: application/json

{"detail":"Not Found"}

Versions

fastapi-opa==2.0.0
fastapi==0.111.0

Severity

5.8 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N

6.9 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "fastapi-opa"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-40627"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-204"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-07-15T17:49:25Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-07-15T20:15:05Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nHTTP `OPTIONS` requests are always allowed by `OpaMiddleware`, even when they lack authentication, and are passed through directly to the application.\n\nThe maintainer uncertain whether this should be classed as a \"bug\" or \"security issue\" \u2013 but is erring on the side of \"security issue\" as an application could reasonably assume OPA controls apply to *all* HTTP methods, and it bypasses more sophisticated policies.\n\n### Details\n\n`OpaMiddleware` allows all HTTP `OPTIONS` requests without evaluating it against any policy:\n\nhttps://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/blob/6dd6f8c87e908fe080784a74707f016f1422b58a/fastapi_opa/opa/opa_middleware.py#L79-L80\n\nIf an application provides different responses to HTTP `OPTIONS` requests based on an entity existing (such as to indicate whether an entity is writable on a system level), an unauthenticated attacker could discover which entities exist within an application (CWE-204).\n\n### PoC\n\nThis toy application is based on the behaviour of an app[^1] which can use `fastapi-opa`. The app uses the `Allow` header of a HTTP `OPTIONS` to indicate whether an entity is writable on a \"system\" level, and returns HTTP 404 for unknown entities:\n\n[^1]: an open source app, not written by me\n\n```python\n# Run with: fastapi dev opa-poc.py --port 9999\nfrom fastapi import FastAPI, Response, HTTPException\nfrom fastapi_opa import OPAConfig, OPAMiddleware\nfrom fastapi_opa.auth.auth_api_key import APIKeyAuthentication, APIKeyConfig\n\n# OPA doesn\u0027t actually need to be running for this example\nopa_host = \"http://localhost:8181\"\napi_key_config = APIKeyConfig(\n    header_key = \u0027ApiKey\u0027,\n    api_key = \u0027secret-key\u0027,\n)\napi_key_auth = APIKeyAuthentication(api_key_config)\nopa_config = OPAConfig(authentication=api_key_auth, opa_host=opa_host)\n\napp = FastAPI()\napp.add_middleware(OPAMiddleware, config=opa_config)\n\nWRITABLE_ITEMS = {\n    1: True,\n    2: False,\n}\n\n\n@app.get(\"/\")\nasync def root() -\u003e dict:\n    return {\"msg\": \"success\"}\n\n@app.get(\"/items/{item_id}\")\nasync def read_item(item_id: int):\n    if item_id not in WRITABLE_ITEMS:\n        raise HTTPException(status_code=404)\n    return {\"item_id\": item_id}\n\n@app.options(\"/items/{item_id}\")\nasync def read_item_options(response: Response, item_id: int) -\u003e dict:\n    if item_id not in WRITABLE_ITEMS:\n        raise HTTPException(status_code=404)\n\n    response.headers[\"Allow\"] = \"OPTIONS, GET\" + (\", POST\" if WRITABLE_ITEMS[item_id] else \"\")\n    return {}\n```\n\nAs expected, HTTP `GET` requests fail consistently when unauthenticated, regardless of whether the entity exists, because `read_item()` is never executed:\n\n```\n$ curl -i \u0027http://localhost:9999/items/1\u0027\nHTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized\nserver: uvicorn\ncontent-length: 26\ncontent-type: application/json\n\n{\"message\":\"Unauthorized\"}\n\n$ curl -i \u0027http://localhost:9999/items/3\u0027\nHTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized\nserver: uvicorn\ncontent-length: 26\ncontent-type: application/json\n\n{\"message\":\"Unauthorized\"}\n```\n\nHowever, HTTP `OPTIONS` requests are never authenticated by `OpaMiddleware`, so are passed straight through to `read_item_options()` and returned to unauthenticated users:\n\n```\n$ curl -i -X OPTIONS \u0027http://localhost:9999/items/1\u0027\nHTTP/1.1 200 OK\nserver: uvicorn\ncontent-length: 2\ncontent-type: application/json\nallow: OPTIONS, GET, POST\n\n{}\n\n$ curl -i -X OPTIONS \u0027http://localhost:9999/items/2\u0027\nHTTP/1.1 200 OK\nserver: uvicorn\ncontent-length: 2\ncontent-type: application/json\nallow: OPTIONS, GET\n\n{}\n\n$ curl -i -X OPTIONS \u0027http://localhost:9999/items/3\u0027\nHTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\nserver: uvicorn\ncontent-length: 22\ncontent-type: application/json\n\n{\"detail\":\"Not Found\"}\n```\n\n### Versions\n\n```\nfastapi-opa==2.0.0\nfastapi==0.111.0\n```",
  "id": "GHSA-5f5c-8rvc-j8wf",
  "modified": "2024-07-15T21:39:12Z",
  "published": "2024-07-15T17:49:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/security/advisories/GHSA-5f5c-8rvc-j8wf"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-40627"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/commit/9458845a6f6f414c0b79587fae83d7f14d74dfb4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/commit/9588109ff651f7ffc92687129c4956126443fb8c"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/blob/6dd6f8c87e908fe080784a74707f016f1422b58a/fastapi_opa/opa/opa_middleware.py#L79-L80"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpaMiddleware does not filter HTTP OPTIONS requests"
}

PYSEC-2026-1361

Vulnerability from pysec - Published: 2026-07-07 14:34 - Updated: 2026-07-07 17:24

Details

Summary

HTTP OPTIONS requests are always allowed by OpaMiddleware, even when they lack authentication, and are passed through directly to the application.

Details

OpaMiddleware allows all HTTP OPTIONS requests without evaluating it against any policy:

https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/blob/6dd6f8c87e908fe080784a74707f016f1422b58a/fastapi_opa/opa/opa_middleware.py#L79-L80

PoC

[^1]: an open source app, not written by me

# Run with: fastapi dev opa-poc.py --port 9999
from fastapi import FastAPI, Response, HTTPException
from fastapi_opa import OPAConfig, OPAMiddleware
from fastapi_opa.auth.auth_api_key import APIKeyAuthentication, APIKeyConfig

# OPA doesn't actually need to be running for this example
opa_host = "http://localhost:8181"
api_key_config = APIKeyConfig(
    header_key = 'ApiKey',
    api_key = 'secret-key',
)
api_key_auth = APIKeyAuthentication(api_key_config)
opa_config = OPAConfig(authentication=api_key_auth, opa_host=opa_host)

app = FastAPI()
app.add_middleware(OPAMiddleware, config=opa_config)

WRITABLE_ITEMS = {
    1: True,
    2: False,
}


@app.get("/")
async def root() -> dict:
    return {"msg": "success"}

@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
async def read_item(item_id: int):
    if item_id not in WRITABLE_ITEMS:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404)
    return {"item_id": item_id}

@app.options("/items/{item_id}")
async def read_item_options(response: Response, item_id: int) -> dict:
    if item_id not in WRITABLE_ITEMS:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404)

    response.headers["Allow"] = "OPTIONS, GET" + (", POST" if WRITABLE_ITEMS[item_id] else "")
    return {}

As expected, HTTP GET requests fail consistently when unauthenticated, regardless of whether the entity exists, because read_item() is never executed:

$ curl -i 'http://localhost:9999/items/1'
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
server: uvicorn
content-length: 26
content-type: application/json

{"message":"Unauthorized"}

$ curl -i 'http://localhost:9999/items/3'
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
server: uvicorn
content-length: 26
content-type: application/json

{"message":"Unauthorized"}

However, HTTP OPTIONS requests are never authenticated by OpaMiddleware, so are passed straight through to read_item_options() and returned to unauthenticated users:

$ curl -i -X OPTIONS 'http://localhost:9999/items/1'
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
server: uvicorn
content-length: 2
content-type: application/json
allow: OPTIONS, GET, POST

{}

$ curl -i -X OPTIONS 'http://localhost:9999/items/2'
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
server: uvicorn
content-length: 2
content-type: application/json
allow: OPTIONS, GET

{}

$ curl -i -X OPTIONS 'http://localhost:9999/items/3'
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
server: uvicorn
content-length: 22
content-type: application/json

{"detail":"Not Found"}

Versions

fastapi-opa==2.0.0
fastapi==0.111.0

Severity

5.8 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N

6.9 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N

Impacted products

Name	purl
fastapi-opa	pkg:pypi/fastapi-opa

Aliases

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "fastapi-opa",
        "purl": "pkg:pypi/fastapi-opa"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "0.1.0",
        "0.1.1",
        "1.0.0",
        "1.0.1",
        "1.1.0",
        "1.2.0",
        "1.2.1",
        "1.3.0",
        "1.3.1",
        "1.3.2",
        "1.3.3",
        "1.3.4",
        "1.3.5",
        "1.3.6",
        "1.3.7",
        "1.4.0",
        "1.4.1",
        "1.4.2",
        "1.4.3",
        "1.4.4",
        "1.4.5",
        "1.4.7",
        "1.4.8",
        "2.0.0"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-40627",
    "GHSA-5f5c-8rvc-j8wf"
  ],
  "details": "### Summary\n\nHTTP `OPTIONS` requests are always allowed by `OpaMiddleware`, even when they lack authentication, and are passed through directly to the application.\n\nThe maintainer uncertain whether this should be classed as a \"bug\" or \"security issue\" \u2013 but is erring on the side of \"security issue\" as an application could reasonably assume OPA controls apply to *all* HTTP methods, and it bypasses more sophisticated policies.\n\n### Details\n\n`OpaMiddleware` allows all HTTP `OPTIONS` requests without evaluating it against any policy:\n\nhttps://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/blob/6dd6f8c87e908fe080784a74707f016f1422b58a/fastapi_opa/opa/opa_middleware.py#L79-L80\n\nIf an application provides different responses to HTTP `OPTIONS` requests based on an entity existing (such as to indicate whether an entity is writable on a system level), an unauthenticated attacker could discover which entities exist within an application (CWE-204).\n\n### PoC\n\nThis toy application is based on the behaviour of an app[^1] which can use `fastapi-opa`. The app uses the `Allow` header of a HTTP `OPTIONS` to indicate whether an entity is writable on a \"system\" level, and returns HTTP 404 for unknown entities:\n\n[^1]: an open source app, not written by me\n\n```python\n# Run with: fastapi dev opa-poc.py --port 9999\nfrom fastapi import FastAPI, Response, HTTPException\nfrom fastapi_opa import OPAConfig, OPAMiddleware\nfrom fastapi_opa.auth.auth_api_key import APIKeyAuthentication, APIKeyConfig\n\n# OPA doesn\u0027t actually need to be running for this example\nopa_host = \"http://localhost:8181\"\napi_key_config = APIKeyConfig(\n    header_key = \u0027ApiKey\u0027,\n    api_key = \u0027secret-key\u0027,\n)\napi_key_auth = APIKeyAuthentication(api_key_config)\nopa_config = OPAConfig(authentication=api_key_auth, opa_host=opa_host)\n\napp = FastAPI()\napp.add_middleware(OPAMiddleware, config=opa_config)\n\nWRITABLE_ITEMS = {\n    1: True,\n    2: False,\n}\n\n\n@app.get(\"/\")\nasync def root() -\u003e dict:\n    return {\"msg\": \"success\"}\n\n@app.get(\"/items/{item_id}\")\nasync def read_item(item_id: int):\n    if item_id not in WRITABLE_ITEMS:\n        raise HTTPException(status_code=404)\n    return {\"item_id\": item_id}\n\n@app.options(\"/items/{item_id}\")\nasync def read_item_options(response: Response, item_id: int) -\u003e dict:\n    if item_id not in WRITABLE_ITEMS:\n        raise HTTPException(status_code=404)\n\n    response.headers[\"Allow\"] = \"OPTIONS, GET\" + (\", POST\" if WRITABLE_ITEMS[item_id] else \"\")\n    return {}\n```\n\nAs expected, HTTP `GET` requests fail consistently when unauthenticated, regardless of whether the entity exists, because `read_item()` is never executed:\n\n```\n$ curl -i \u0027http://localhost:9999/items/1\u0027\nHTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized\nserver: uvicorn\ncontent-length: 26\ncontent-type: application/json\n\n{\"message\":\"Unauthorized\"}\n\n$ curl -i \u0027http://localhost:9999/items/3\u0027\nHTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized\nserver: uvicorn\ncontent-length: 26\ncontent-type: application/json\n\n{\"message\":\"Unauthorized\"}\n```\n\nHowever, HTTP `OPTIONS` requests are never authenticated by `OpaMiddleware`, so are passed straight through to `read_item_options()` and returned to unauthenticated users:\n\n```\n$ curl -i -X OPTIONS \u0027http://localhost:9999/items/1\u0027\nHTTP/1.1 200 OK\nserver: uvicorn\ncontent-length: 2\ncontent-type: application/json\nallow: OPTIONS, GET, POST\n\n{}\n\n$ curl -i -X OPTIONS \u0027http://localhost:9999/items/2\u0027\nHTTP/1.1 200 OK\nserver: uvicorn\ncontent-length: 2\ncontent-type: application/json\nallow: OPTIONS, GET\n\n{}\n\n$ curl -i -X OPTIONS \u0027http://localhost:9999/items/3\u0027\nHTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\nserver: uvicorn\ncontent-length: 22\ncontent-type: application/json\n\n{\"detail\":\"Not Found\"}\n```\n\n### Versions\n\n```\nfastapi-opa==2.0.0\nfastapi==0.111.0\n```",
  "id": "PYSEC-2026-1361",
  "modified": "2026-07-07T17:24:07.592682Z",
  "published": "2026-07-07T14:34:36.861319Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/security/advisories/GHSA-5f5c-8rvc-j8wf"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-40627"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/commit/9458845a6f6f414c0b79587fae83d7f14d74dfb4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/commit/9588109ff651f7ffc92687129c4956126443fb8c"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/blob/6dd6f8c87e908fe080784a74707f016f1422b58a/fastapi_opa/opa/opa_middleware.py#L79-L80"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://pypi.org/project/fastapi-opa"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-5f5c-8rvc-j8wf"
    }
  ],
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpaMiddleware does not filter HTTP OPTIONS requests"
}

ubuntu-cve-2024-40627

Vulnerability from osv_ubuntu

Published

2024-07-15 20:15

Modified

2026-05-20 15:10

Summary

Details

Fastapi OPA is an opensource fastapi middleware which includes auth flow. HTTP OPTIONS requests are always allowed by OpaMiddleware, even when they lack authentication, and are passed through directly to the application. OpaMiddleware allows all HTTP OPTIONS requests without evaluating it against any policy. If an application provides different responses to HTTP OPTIONS requests based on an entity existing (such as to indicate whether an entity is writable on a system level), an unauthenticated attacker could discover which entities exist within an application. This issue has been addressed in release version 2.0.1. All users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.

Severity

5.8 (Medium)


                    
                      CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N

N/A (UNKNOWN)


                    
                      medium

References

URL

Type

	https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2024-40627	REPORT
	https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-40627	REPORT
	https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/security…	REPORT
	https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/commit/9…	REPORT
	https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/blob/6dd…	REPORT

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "python3-fastapi",
            "binary_version": "0.63.0-2ubuntu0.1"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:22.04:LTS",
        "name": "fastapi",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/fastapi@0.63.0-2ubuntu0.1?arch=source\u0026distro=jammy"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "0.63.0-2",
        "0.63.0-2ubuntu0.1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "python3-fastapi",
            "binary_version": "0.101.0-3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:24.04:LTS",
        "name": "fastapi",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/fastapi@0.101.0-3?arch=source\u0026distro=noble"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "0.101.0-1",
        "0.101.0-2",
        "0.101.0-3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "python3-fastapi",
            "binary_version": "0.115.11-4ubuntu1"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:25.10",
        "name": "fastapi",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/fastapi@0.115.11-4ubuntu1?arch=source\u0026distro=questing"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "0.115.11-3",
        "0.115.11-4ubuntu1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "python3-fastapi",
            "binary_version": "0.118.0-1"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:26.04:LTS",
        "name": "fastapi",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/fastapi@0.118.0-1?arch=source\u0026distro=resolute"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "0.115.11-4ubuntu1",
        "0.118.0-1"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "details": "Fastapi OPA is an opensource fastapi middleware which includes auth flow. HTTP `OPTIONS` requests are always allowed by `OpaMiddleware`, even when they lack authentication, and are passed through directly to the application. `OpaMiddleware` allows all HTTP `OPTIONS` requests without evaluating it against any policy. If an application provides different responses to HTTP `OPTIONS` requests based on an entity existing (such as to indicate whether an entity is writable on a system level), an unauthenticated attacker could discover which entities exist within an application. This issue has been addressed in release version 2.0.1. All users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.",
  "id": "UBUNTU-CVE-2024-40627",
  "modified": "2026-05-20T15:10:31Z",
  "published": "2024-07-15T20:15:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2024-40627"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-40627"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/security/advisories/GHSA-5f5c-8rvc-j8wf"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/commit/9588109ff651f7ffc92687129c4956126443fb8c"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://github.com/busykoala/fastapi-opa/blob/6dd6f8c87e908fe080784a74707f016f1422b58a/fastapi_opa/opa/opa_middleware.py#L79-L80"
    }
  ],
  "related": [],
  "schema_version": "1.7.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "medium",
      "type": "Ubuntu"
    }
  ],
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2024-40627"
  ]
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.

Action not permitted

CVE-2024-40627 (GCVE-0-2024-40627)

FKIE_CVE-2024-40627

GHSA-5F5C-8RVC-J8WF

Summary

Details

PoC

Versions

PYSEC-2026-1361

Summary

Details

PoC

Versions

ubuntu-cve-2024-40627

Vulnerability from osv_ubuntu

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature