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    2 vulnerabilities found for ruby-jwt by jwt

    CVE-2026-45363 (GCVE-0-2026-45363)

    Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2026-07-14 21:32 – Updated: 2026-07-14 21:34
    VLAI
    Title
    `jwt` (Ruby gem) - empty-key HMAC bypass
    Summary
    ruby-jwt is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7519 OAuth JSON Web Token standard. Prior to 2.10.3 and 3.2.0, JWT.decode(token, '', true, algorithm: 'HS256') accepts an attacker-forged token because OpenSSL::HMAC.digest('SHA256', '', payload) returns a valid digest under an empty key and no empty-key precondition exists in the HMAC algorithm. The same path is reached when a keyfinder block or key_finder: argument returns an empty string, nil, or an array containing nil for an unknown key, affecting HS256, HS384, and HS512 verification through JWT.decode and JWT::EncodedToken#verify_signature!. This issue is fixed in versions 2.10.3 and 3.2.0.
    Severity
    9.1 (Critical)
    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
    CWE
    • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
    • CWE-326 - Inadequate Encryption Strength
    • CWE-1391 - Use of Weak Credentials
    Assigner
    References
    Impacted products
    Vendor Product Version
    jwt ruby-jwt Affected: < 2.10.3
    Affected: >= 3.0.0, < 3.2.0
    		Create a notification for this product.
    Show details on NVD website
    To clipboard 

    {
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "ruby-jwt",
          "vendor": "jwt",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 2.10.3"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 3.0.0, \u003c 3.2.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "ruby-jwt is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7519 OAuth JSON Web Token standard. Prior to 2.10.3 and 3.2.0, JWT.decode(token, \u0027\u0027, true, algorithm: \u0027HS256\u0027) accepts an attacker-forged token because OpenSSL::HMAC.digest(\u0027SHA256\u0027, \u0027\u0027, payload) returns a valid digest under an empty key and no empty-key precondition exists in the HMAC algorithm. The same path is reached when a keyfinder block or key_finder: argument returns an empty string, nil, or an array containing nil for an unknown key, affecting HS256, HS384, and HS512 verification through JWT.decode and JWT::EncodedToken#verify_signature!. This issue is fixed in versions 2.10.3 and 3.2.0."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 9.1,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-287",
              "description": "CWE-287: Improper Authentication",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-326",
              "description": "CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-1391",
              "description": "CWE-1391: Use of Weak Credentials",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-07-14T21:34:05.174Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/security/advisories/GHSA-c32j-vqhx-rx3x",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/security/advisories/GHSA-c32j-vqhx-rx3x"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/commit/9820020869ad147b941e49d96ab8beba35532964",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/commit/9820020869ad147b941e49d96ab8beba35532964"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/commit/db560b769a07bd9724e77ff505011ac01872106f",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/commit/db560b769a07bd9724e77ff505011ac01872106f"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/releases/tag/v2.10.3",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/releases/tag/v2.10.3"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/releases/tag/v3.2.0",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/releases/tag/v3.2.0"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-c32j-vqhx-rx3x",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "`jwt` (Ruby gem) - empty-key HMAC bypass"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-45363",
    "datePublished": "2026-07-14T21:32:26.676Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-12T00:51:29.085Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-07-14T21:34:05.174Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

    CVE-2026-45363 (GCVE-0-2026-45363)

    Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-14 21:32 – Updated: 2026-07-14 21:34
    VLAI
    Title
    `jwt` (Ruby gem) - empty-key HMAC bypass
    Summary
    ruby-jwt is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7519 OAuth JSON Web Token standard. Prior to 2.10.3 and 3.2.0, JWT.decode(token, '', true, algorithm: 'HS256') accepts an attacker-forged token because OpenSSL::HMAC.digest('SHA256', '', payload) returns a valid digest under an empty key and no empty-key precondition exists in the HMAC algorithm. The same path is reached when a keyfinder block or key_finder: argument returns an empty string, nil, or an array containing nil for an unknown key, affecting HS256, HS384, and HS512 verification through JWT.decode and JWT::EncodedToken#verify_signature!. This issue is fixed in versions 2.10.3 and 3.2.0.
    Severity
    9.1 (Critical)
    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
    CWE
    • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
    • CWE-326 - Inadequate Encryption Strength
    • CWE-1391 - Use of Weak Credentials
    Assigner
    References
    Impacted products
    Vendor Product Version
    jwt ruby-jwt Affected: < 2.10.3
    Affected: >= 3.0.0, < 3.2.0
    		Create a notification for this product.
    Show details on NVD website
    To clipboard 

    {
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "ruby-jwt",
          "vendor": "jwt",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 2.10.3"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 3.0.0, \u003c 3.2.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "ruby-jwt is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7519 OAuth JSON Web Token standard. Prior to 2.10.3 and 3.2.0, JWT.decode(token, \u0027\u0027, true, algorithm: \u0027HS256\u0027) accepts an attacker-forged token because OpenSSL::HMAC.digest(\u0027SHA256\u0027, \u0027\u0027, payload) returns a valid digest under an empty key and no empty-key precondition exists in the HMAC algorithm. The same path is reached when a keyfinder block or key_finder: argument returns an empty string, nil, or an array containing nil for an unknown key, affecting HS256, HS384, and HS512 verification through JWT.decode and JWT::EncodedToken#verify_signature!. This issue is fixed in versions 2.10.3 and 3.2.0."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 9.1,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-287",
              "description": "CWE-287: Improper Authentication",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-326",
              "description": "CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-1391",
              "description": "CWE-1391: Use of Weak Credentials",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-07-14T21:34:05.174Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/security/advisories/GHSA-c32j-vqhx-rx3x",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/security/advisories/GHSA-c32j-vqhx-rx3x"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/commit/9820020869ad147b941e49d96ab8beba35532964",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/commit/9820020869ad147b941e49d96ab8beba35532964"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/commit/db560b769a07bd9724e77ff505011ac01872106f",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/commit/db560b769a07bd9724e77ff505011ac01872106f"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/releases/tag/v2.10.3",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/releases/tag/v2.10.3"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/releases/tag/v3.2.0",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/releases/tag/v3.2.0"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-c32j-vqhx-rx3x",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "`jwt` (Ruby gem) - empty-key HMAC bypass"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-45363",
    "datePublished": "2026-07-14T21:32:26.676Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-12T00:51:29.085Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-07-14T21:34:05.174Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}