CWE-425
AllowedDirect Request ('Forced Browsing')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The web application does not adequately enforce appropriate authorization on all restricted URLs, scripts, or files.
273 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-WG4P-5GHF-R8W7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-10 06:30 – Updated: 2024-11-10 06:30A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in ZKTeco ZKBio Time 9.0.1. Affected is an unknown function of the file /auth_files/photo/ of the component Image File Handler. The manipulation leads to direct request. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitability is told to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-11049"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-425"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-10T06:15:03Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in ZKTeco ZKBio Time 9.0.1. Affected is an unknown function of the file /auth_files/photo/ of the component Image File Handler. The manipulation leads to direct request. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitability is told to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-wg4p-5ghf-r8w7",
"modified": "2024-11-10T06:30:44Z",
"published": "2024-11-10T06:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-11049"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.githubusercontent.com/whiteman007/f7a85252fed91deff6eb3f20596710b0/raw/b7c8a7f53d3316cfd2da1cae9bcf583d923860b7/biotime%25209.0.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.283662"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.283662"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.435034"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-WQ45-C8XJ-98WJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 02:00 – Updated: 2022-05-01 02:00Hosting Controller 6.1 Hotfix 1.9 and earlier allows remote attackers to register arbitrary users via a direct request to addsubsite.asp with the loginname and password parameters set.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2005-1654"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-425"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2005-05-18T04:00:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Hosting Controller 6.1 Hotfix 1.9 and earlier allows remote attackers to register arbitrary users via a direct request to addsubsite.asp with the loginname and password parameters set.",
"id": "GHSA-wq45-c8xj-98wj",
"modified": "2022-05-01T02:00:43Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T02:00:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2005-1654"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://isun.shabgard.org/hc3.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/15271"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-WV3J-J89Q-MVH8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-11 18:31 – Updated: 2025-04-11 18:31The Oz Forensics face recognition application before 4.0.8 late 2023 allows PII retrieval via /statistic/list Insecure Direct Object Reference. NOTE: the number 4.0.8 was used for both the unpatched and patched versions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-32367"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-425"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-11T17:15:45Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Oz Forensics face recognition application before 4.0.8 late 2023 allows PII retrieval via /statistic/list Insecure Direct Object Reference. NOTE: the number 4.0.8 was used for both the unpatched and patched versions.",
"id": "GHSA-wv3j-j89q-mvh8",
"modified": "2025-04-11T18:31:08Z",
"published": "2025-04-11T18:31:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32367"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/@antonsimonyan7/idor-in-oz-forensics-face-recognition-application-cve-2025-32367-53684ee312ea"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ozforensics.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WV84-FC78-M2QM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-17 18:31 – Updated: 2025-12-17 18:31Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-26381"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-425"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-17T17:15:48Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information.",
"id": "GHSA-wv84-fc78-m2qm",
"modified": "2025-12-17T18:31:33Z",
"published": "2025-12-17T18:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-26381"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-25-338-03"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tyco.widen.net/view/pdf/xmejieec4b/JCI-PSA-2025-05.pdf?t.download=true\u0026u=aiurfs"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:H/SI:L/SA:N/E:U/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-X2R7-MHP8-XVHM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-06 15:30 – Updated: 2024-08-12 18:30A compromised HMS Networks Cosy+ device could be used to request a Certificate Signing Request from Talk2m for another device, resulting in an availability issue. The issue was patched on the Talk2m production server on April 18, 2024.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-33897"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-425"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-06T14:16:03Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A compromised HMS Networks Cosy+ device could be used to request a Certificate Signing Request from Talk2m for another device, resulting in an availability issue. The issue was patched on the Talk2m production server on April 18, 2024.",
"id": "GHSA-x2r7-mhp8-xvhm",
"modified": "2024-08-12T18:30:46Z",
"published": "2024-08-06T15:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-33897"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.syss.com/posts/hacking-a-secure-industrial-remote-access-gateway"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hmsnetworks.blob.core.windows.net/nlw/docs/default-source/products/cybersecurity/security-advisory/hms-security-advisory-2024-07-29-001--ewon-several-cosy--vulnerabilities.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ewon.biz/products/cosy/ewon-cosy-wifi"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/cyber-security"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X5W2-WCR8-9Q45
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-23 19:14 – Updated: 2024-05-23 19:17The buildDefaults method on DevelopmentAdmin is missing a permission check.
In live mode, if you access /dev/build, you are requested to login first. However, if you access /dev/build/defaults, then the action is performed without any login check. This should be protected in the same way that /dev/build is. The buildDefaults view is requireDefaultRecords() on each DataObject class, and hence has the potential to modify database state. It also lists all modified tables, allowing attackers more insight into which modules are used, and how the database tables are structured.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.1.16"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "silverstripe/framework"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.1.17"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.2.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "silverstripe/framework"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.2.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "silverstripe/framework"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.3.0-beta1"
},
{
"fixed": "3.3.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-425"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-05-23T19:14:12Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The buildDefaults method on DevelopmentAdmin is missing a permission check.\n\nIn live mode, if you access /dev/build, you are requested to login first. However, if you access /dev/build/defaults, then the action is performed without any login check. This should be protected in the same way that /dev/build is.\nThe buildDefaults view is requireDefaultRecords() on each DataObject class, and hence has the potential to modify database state. It also lists all modified tables, allowing attackers more insight into which modules are used, and how the database tables are structured.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-x5w2-wcr8-9q45",
"modified": "2024-05-23T19:17:22Z",
"published": "2024-05-23T19:14:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/silverstripe/silverstripe-framework/commit/15d4db3b4a7dbc9a7e089f9329a396f8408ed7d9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/silverstripe/silverstripe-framework/commit/3398f670d881447f8777b567f1ead7c0d8d253f5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/silverstripe/silverstripe-framework/commit/5d2fc0d7cac4ce686f7ae05c1a7b1ad8c01711a8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/silverstripe/framework/SS-2015-028-1.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/silverstripe/silverstripe-framework"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.silverstripe.org/download/security-releases/ss-2015-028"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Silverstripe Missing security check on dev/build/defaults"
}
GHSA-XGFW-P7JC-XWR2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:14 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:14Pangea Communications Internet FAX ATA all Versions 3.1.8 and prior allow an attacker to bypass user authentication using a specially crafted URL to cause the device to reboot, which may be used to cause a continual denial-of-service condition.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-6551"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-425"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-02-28T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Pangea Communications Internet FAX ATA all Versions 3.1.8 and prior allow an attacker to bypass user authentication using a specially crafted URL to cause the device to reboot, which may be used to cause a continual denial-of-service condition.",
"id": "GHSA-xgfw-p7jc-xwr2",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:14:53Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:14:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-6551"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-19-045-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/107031"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XJ93-8HFF-X47C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-30 18:21 – Updated: 2024-01-25 21:32MidiCart PHP, PHP Plus, and PHP Maxi allows remote attackers to (1) upload arbitrary php files via a direct request to admin/upload.php or (2) access sensitive information via a direct request to admin/credit_card_info.php.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2002-1798"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-425"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2002-12-31T05:00:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "MidiCart PHP, PHP Plus, and PHP Maxi allows remote attackers to (1) upload arbitrary php files via a direct request to admin/upload.php or (2) access sensitive information via a direct request to admin/credit_card_info.php.",
"id": "GHSA-xj93-8hff-x47c",
"modified": "2024-01-25T21:32:09Z",
"published": "2022-04-30T18:21:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2002-1798"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2002-10/0016.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.iss.net/security_center/static/10306.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/5851"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/5855"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XM8F-GHM9-8G26
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:50 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:50Open Ticket Request System (OTRS) 4.0.x before 4.0.33, 5.0.x before 5.0.31, and 6.0.x before 6.0.13 allows an authenticated user to delete files via a modified submission form because upload caching is mishandled.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-19143"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-425"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-11-11T05:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open Ticket Request System (OTRS) 4.0.x before 4.0.33, 5.0.x before 5.0.31, and 6.0.x before 6.0.13 allows an authenticated user to delete files via a modified submission form because upload caching is mishandled.",
"id": "GHSA-xm8f-ghm9-8g26",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:50:50Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:50:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-19143"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.otrs.com/security-advisory-2018-07-security-update-for-otrs-framework"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/11/msg00028.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XPH3-VJCQ-G488
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-02 12:30 – Updated: 2025-08-08 21:12The organization selector before 4.0.14 from Liferay Portal (7.4.3.81 through 7.4.3.85), and Liferay DXP 7.4 update 81 through 85 does not check user permission, which allows remote authenticated users to obtain a list of all organizations.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay:com.liferay.organizations.item.selector.web"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.0.14"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:release.dxp.bom"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.4.143.u81"
},
{
"last_affected": "7.4.143.u85"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-3426"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-425",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-08-08T21:12:51Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-02T10:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The organization selector before 4.0.14 from Liferay Portal (7.4.3.81 through 7.4.3.85), and Liferay DXP 7.4 update 81 through 85 does not check user permission, which allows remote authenticated users to obtain a list of all organizations.",
"id": "GHSA-xph3-vjcq-g488",
"modified": "2025-08-08T21:12:51Z",
"published": "2023-08-02T12:30:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3426"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/liferay/liferay-portal/commit/b410f40233394d1d3d1076189befd4b33ba9fb47"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/liferay/liferay-portal"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://liferay.dev/portal/security/known-vulnerabilities/-/asset_publisher/jekt/content/cve-2023-3426"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Liferay Portal and Liferay DXP Organization Selector Does Not Check User Permissions "
}
Mitigation
Apply appropriate access control authorizations for each access to all restricted URLs, scripts or files.
Mitigation
Consider using MVC based frameworks such as Struts.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-143: Detect Unpublicized Web Pages
An adversary searches a targeted web site for web pages that have not been publicized. In doing this, the adversary may be able to gain access to information that the targeted site did not intend to make public.
CAPEC-144: Detect Unpublicized Web Services
An adversary searches a targeted web site for web services that have not been publicized. This attack can be especially dangerous since unpublished but available services may not have adequate security controls placed upon them given that an administrator may believe they are unreachable.
CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)
An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.
CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing
An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.