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CWE-407
Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
An algorithm in a product has an inefficient worst-case computational complexity that may be detrimental to system performance and can be triggered by an attacker, typically using crafted manipulations that ensure that the worst case is being reached.
CVE-2026-45822 (GCVE-0-2026-45822)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-30 08:05 – Updated: 2026-06-30 12:49
VLAI
Summary
decode-uri-component through 0.4.1 is vulnerable to denial of service. The decode() function splits input on '%' producing N tokens and calls decodeComponents(), exhibiting super-linear parsing time: 200 '%ab' tokens takes approximately 0.7s, 700 tokens approximately 6s, and 1400 tokens approximately 33s. An attacker can cause significant CPU consumption and event-loop blocking via crafted input.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SamVerschueren | decode-uri-component |
Affected:
0.1.0 , < 0.5.0
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2026-48502 (GCVE-0-2026-48502)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 21:18 – Updated: 2026-06-23 15:05
VLAI
Title
MessagePack-CSharp: Denial of service vulnerabilities can swamp the CPU or crash the process with stack and heap overflows
Summary
MessagePack for C# is a MessagePack serializer for C#. Prior to 2.5.301 and 3.1.7, MessagePackReader.ReadDateTime() can allocate stack memory based on an attacker-controlled MessagePack extension length. In the slow path for timestamp extension parsing, the computed tokenSize includes the extension body length from the wire and is used in a stackalloc operation before the extension length is validated as one of the valid timestamp sizes. A very small payload can claim a large timestamp extension body and cause a stack allocation large enough to trigger an uncatchable StackOverflowException, terminating the host process. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.5.301 and 3.1.7.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
- CWE-190 - Integer Overflow or Wraparound
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
- CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
- CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data
- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
- CWE-789 - Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value
- CWE-1188 - Insecure Default Initialization of Resource
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MessagePack-CSharp/MessagePack… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MessagePack-CSharp | MessagePack-CSharp |
Affected:
>= 3.1.7, < 3.1.7
Affected: < 2.5.301 |
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CVE-2026-48511 (GCVE-0-2026-48511)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 21:14 – Updated: 2026-06-25 15:08
VLAI
Title
MessagePack-CSharp: ExpandoObject formatter can perform quadratic insertion work on untrusted maps
Summary
MessagePack for C# is a MessagePack serializer for C#. Prior to 2.5.301 and 3.1.7, ExpandoObjectFormatter.Deserialize populates System.Dynamic.ExpandoObject by calling IDictionary<string, object>.Add for each map entry. ExpandoObject internally maintains member names in array-like structures, so inserting many distinct keys can require repeated linear scans and array copies. For large attacker-controlled maps, this produces quadratic CPU and allocation behavior. The issue is especially surprising because ExpandoObjectResolver.Options is configured with MessagePackSecurity.UntrustedData, but collision-resistant dictionary comparers cannot protect ExpandoObject insertion internals. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.5.301 and 3.1.7.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MessagePack-CSharp/MessagePack… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MessagePack-CSharp | MessagePack-CSharp |
Affected:
>= 3.0, < 3.1.7
Affected: < 2.5.301 |
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CVE-2026-48516 (GCVE-0-2026-48516)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 21:09 – Updated: 2026-06-25 15:54
VLAI
Title
MessagePack-CSharp: InterfaceLookupFormatter bypasses collision-resistant comparer settings
Summary
MessagePack for C# is a MessagePack serializer for C#. Prior to 2.5.301 and 3.1.7, InterfaceLookupFormatter<TKey,TElement> constructs an internal Dictionary<TKey, IGrouping<TKey,TElement>> with the default equality comparer instead of the security-aware comparer supplied by options.Security.GetEqualityComparer<TKey>(). This formatter omission allows hash-collision CPU denial of service against ILookup<TKey,TElement> even when the application has opted into the untrusted-data security posture This vulnerability is fixed in 2.5.301 and 3.1.7.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
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| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
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Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MessagePack-CSharp | MessagePack-CSharp |
Affected:
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Affected: < 2.5.301 |
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CVE-2026-48959 (GCVE-0-2026-48959)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-27 02:29 – Updated: 2026-05-29 15:50
VLAI
Title
IO::Uncompress::Unzip versions before 2.220 for Perl allow CPU exhaustion via per-byte read loop in fastForward
Summary
IO::Uncompress::Unzip versions before 2.220 for Perl allow CPU exhaustion via per-byte read loop in fastForward.
fastForward() compares length $offset (the digit count of the offset, 1 to 19) against the chunk size $c instead of $offset itself, so $c shrinks from 16 KiB to 1-19 bytes per iteration.
Extracting a named entry from an attacker supplied zip via IO::Uncompress::Unzip->new($zip, Name => $target) drives a per-byte read loop scaling with the entry's compressed size, up to the non-Zip64 4 GiB cap.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
3 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PMQS | IO::Uncompress::Unzip |
Affected:
0 , < 2.220
(custom)
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CVE-2026-49293 (GCVE-0-2026-49293)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-19 18:14 – Updated: 2026-06-22 14:10
VLAI
Title
CPU exhaustion via O(n^2) BigInt construction on radix-prefixed integer literals
Summary
js-toml is a TOML parser for JavaScript, fully compliant with the TOML 1.0.0 Spec. Versions up to and including 1.1.0 parse hexadecimal / octal / binary integer literals via a hand-written `parseBigInt` loop that multiplies a `BigInt` accumulator by the radix once per input digit. Each iteration performs a `BigInt * BigInt` operation on an accumulator that grows linearly with the number of digits already consumed, so the whole loop is O(n²) in the literal length. The lexer regex places no upper bound on the literal length, so a single TOML document containing one ~500 kB hex literal pins one CPU core for ~40 seconds on a modern laptop (Apple M-series, Node v22). Memory amplification is bounded but CPU amplification is severe and grows quadratically: doubling the literal length quadruples the work. A caller that invokes `load()` on attacker-controlled TOML (configuration upload endpoints, CI/CD systems ingesting third-party `*.toml`, IDE plugins, build tools) is exposed to a single-request CPU exhaustion DoS. Version 1.1.1 fixes the issue.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/sunnyadn/js-toml/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/sunnyadn/js-toml/commit/1abcb3… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/sunnyadn/js-toml/releases/tag/v1.1.1 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-49460 (GCVE-0-2026-49460)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 20:28 – Updated: 2026-06-23 15:54
VLAI
Title
pypdf: Inefficient decoding of FlateDecode PNG predictor streams
Summary
pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Prior to 6.12.2, an attacker who uses this vulnerability can craft a PDF which leads to long runtimes. This requires accessing a stream which uses the /FlateDecode filter with a PNG predictor. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.12.2.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/pull/3806 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/releases/tag/6.12.2 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-49851 (GCVE-0-2026-49851)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-24 17:05 – Updated: 2026-07-02 12:04
VLAI
Title
Mistune: Potential DoS via quadratic-time parsing in parse_link_text
Summary
Mistune is a Python Markdown parser with renderers and plugins. Prior to 3.3.0, Mistune is vulnerable to a CPU exhaustion DoS due to superlinear (approximately O(n²)) behavior in parse_link_text. When parsing Markdown containing many consecutive [ characters, parse_link_text repeatedly scans the input using a regex search inside a loop. Each iteration re-scans a large portion of the remaining string, resulting in quadratic-time behavior. An attacker-controlled Markdown input can therefore trigger excessive CPU usage with a very small payload. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.3.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/lepture/mistune/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-49851 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2492304 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… | x_sadp-csaf-vex |
Impacted products
5 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| lepture | mistune |
Affected:
< 3.3.0
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai |
|
| Red Hat | Migration Toolkit for Applications 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:migration_toolkit_applications:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Satellite 6 |
cpe:/a:redhat:satellite:6 |
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CVE-2026-53433 (GCVE-0-2026-53433)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-30 12:01 – Updated: 2026-06-30 13:32 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
Denial of Service in fzf
Summary
fzf is vulnerable to a Denial of Service (DoS) due to inefficient HTTP body processing in the --listen mode due to inefficient HTTP body processing using repeated string concatenation, resulting in quadratic time complexity (O(n²)). A crafted POST request with many small segments can trigger excessive CPU usage during request handling.This allows a single malicious request to monopolize the single‑threaded HTTP server, blocking all other clients and resulting in denial of service.
This issue was fixed in version 0.73.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://cert.pl/en/posts/2026/06/CVE-2026-53432 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/junegunn/fzf | product |
| https://github.com/junegunn/fzf/commit/7963a2c658… | issue-tracking |
Date Public
2026-06-30 12:01
Credits
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CVE-2026-53539 (GCVE-0-2026-53539)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 16:55 – Updated: 2026-06-23 16:08
VLAI
Title
Python-Multipart: Quadratic-time querystring parsing with semicolon separators causes CPU denial of service
Summary
Python-Multipart is a streaming multipart parser for Python. Prior to 0.0.30, when parsing application/x-www-form-urlencoded bodies, QuerystringParser located the field separator with a two step lookup: it first scanned the entire remaining buffer for &, and only when no & existed anywhere ahead did it fall back to scanning for ;. For a body that uses ; as the separator and contains no &, every field iteration performed a full failed & scan over the entire remaining buffer before locating the nearby ;. With N semicolon separated fields in a chunk of size B, this yields O(B^2) byte comparisons per chunk. An attacker can submit a small crafted body of the form a;a;a;... and cause the parser to spend seconds of CPU per request. A handful of concurrent requests can exhaust worker processes. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.0.30.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kludex | python-multipart |
Affected:
< 0.0.30
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No mitigation information available for this CWE.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.