Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-407

Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity

An algorithm in a product has an inefficient worst-case computational complexity that may be detrimental to system performance and can be triggered by an attacker, typically using crafted manipulations that ensure that the worst case is being reached.

CVE-2026-3276 (GCVE-0-2026-3276)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-03 14:29 – Updated: 2026-06-16 14:54
VLAI
Title
Potential DoS via quadratic complexity in unicodedata.normalize()
Summary
unicodedata.normalize() can take excessive CPU time when processing specially crafted Unicode input containing long runs of combining characters with alternating Canonical Combining Class values. This affects all normalization forms.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
PSF
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Python Software Foundation CPython Affected: 0 , < 3.13.14 (python)
Affected: 3.14.0 , < 3.14.6 (python)
Affected: 3.15.0a1 , < 3.15.0b2 (python)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Seokchan Yoon (https://github.com/ch4n3-yoon) Tim Peters (https://github.com/tim-one) Bénédikt Tran (https://github.com/picnixz) Serhiy Storchaka (https://github.com/serhiy-storchaka) Stan Ulbrych (https://github.com/StanFromIreland) Seth Larson (https://github.com/sethmlarson) Petr Viktorin (https://github.com/encukou)
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-3276",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-06-03T17:27:09.393265Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-06-03T17:27:19.179Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      },
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-06-03T19:18:17.828Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/06/03/15"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "CPython",
          "repo": "https://github.com/python/cpython",
          "vendor": "Python Software Foundation",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "3.13.14",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "python"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "3.14.6",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "3.14.0",
              "versionType": "python"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "3.15.0b2",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "3.15.0a1",
              "versionType": "python"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "Seokchan Yoon (https://github.com/ch4n3-yoon)"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation reviewer",
          "value": "Tim Peters (https://github.com/tim-one)"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation reviewer",
          "value": "B\u00e9n\u00e9dikt Tran (https://github.com/picnixz)"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation reviewer",
          "value": "Serhiy Storchaka (https://github.com/serhiy-storchaka)"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation reviewer",
          "value": "Stan Ulbrych (https://github.com/StanFromIreland)"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "coordinator",
          "value": "Seth Larson (https://github.com/sethmlarson)"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation reviewer",
          "value": "Petr Viktorin (https://github.com/encukou)"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cspan\u003eunicodedata.normalize()\u003c/span\u003e can take excessive CPU time when processing\u003cbr\u003especially crafted Unicode input containing long runs of combining characters\u003cbr\u003ewith alternating Canonical Combining Class values.\u003cbr\u003eThis affects all normalization forms."
            }
          ],
          "value": "unicodedata.normalize() can take excessive CPU time when processing\nspecially crafted Unicode input containing long runs of combining characters\nwith alternating Canonical Combining Class values.\nThis affects all normalization forms."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 6.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "LOW",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-407",
              "description": "CWE-407",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-06-16T14:54:50.442Z",
        "orgId": "28c92f92-d60d-412d-b760-e73465c3df22",
        "shortName": "PSF"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://mail.python.org/archives/list/security-announce@python.org/thread/PP5HB4K7727OBBM76KA2ILID76K3OZGZ/"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/149080"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "issue-tracking"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/149079"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/6b505d1f41f8f3ea0fe5a4786d3a8fff1875cfc0"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/991224b1e8311c85f198f6dd8208bf8cff7fc26f"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/ba785b88add96acbf403d65cb157fb2743a33a32"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/c5512bd7c1dc28055660565275012766941d3066"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/90748760d38ca3ac5fc6788a69becab905c95598"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Potential DoS via quadratic complexity in unicodedata.normalize()",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 0.6.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "28c92f92-d60d-412d-b760-e73465c3df22",
    "assignerShortName": "PSF",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-3276",
    "datePublished": "2026-06-03T14:29:39.727Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-02-26T15:19:46.862Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-06-16T14:54:50.442Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-33033 (GCVE-0-2026-33033)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-07 14:22 – Updated: 2026-04-07 15:21
VLAI
Title
Potential denial-of-service vulnerability in MultiPartParser via base64-encoded file upload
Summary
An issue was discovered in 6.0 before 6.0.4, 5.2 before 5.2.13, and 4.2 before 4.2.30. `MultiPartParser` allows remote attackers to degrade performance by submitting multipart uploads with `Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64` including excessive whitespace. Earlier, unsupported Django series (such as 5.0.x, 4.1.x, and 3.2.x) were not evaluated and may also be affected. Django would like to thank Seokchan Yoon for reporting this issue.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
DSF
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
djangoproject Django Affected: 6.0 , < 6.0.4 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.0.4 (semver)
Affected: 5.2 , < 5.2.13 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.2.13 (semver)
Affected: 4.2 , < 4.2.30 (semver)
Unaffected: 4.2.30 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-04-07 09:00
Credits
Seokchan Yoon Natalia Bidart Jacob Walls
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "cvssV3_1": {
              "attackComplexity": "LOW",
              "attackVector": "NETWORK",
              "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
              "baseScore": 6.5,
              "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
              "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
              "integrityImpact": "NONE",
              "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
              "scope": "UNCHANGED",
              "userInteraction": "NONE",
              "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
              "version": "3.1"
            }
          },
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-33033",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-04-07T15:21:08.357477Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-04-07T15:21:27.926Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://pypi.org/project/Django/",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "django",
          "product": "Django",
          "repo": "https://github.com/django/django/",
          "vendor": "djangoproject",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "6.0.4",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.0.4",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.2.13",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.2",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.2.13",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4.2.30",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.2",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "4.2.30",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "Seokchan Yoon"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation developer",
          "value": "Natalia Bidart"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "coordinator",
          "value": "Jacob Walls"
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2026-04-07T09:00:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eAn issue was discovered in 6.0 before 6.0.4, 5.2 before 5.2.13, and 4.2 before 4.2.30.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e`MultiPartParser` allows remote attackers to degrade performance by submitting multipart uploads with `Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64` including excessive whitespace.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEarlier, unsupported Django series (such as 5.0.x, 4.1.x, and 3.2.x) were not evaluated and may also be affected.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDjango would like to thank Seokchan Yoon for reporting this issue.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "An issue was discovered in 6.0 before 6.0.4, 5.2 before 5.2.13, and 4.2 before 4.2.30.\n`MultiPartParser` allows remote attackers to degrade performance by submitting multipart uploads with `Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64` including excessive whitespace.\nEarlier, unsupported Django series (such as 5.0.x, 4.1.x, and 3.2.x) were not evaluated and may also be affected.\nDjango would like to thank Seokchan Yoon for reporting this issue."
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-130",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-130: Excessive Allocation"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "other": {
            "content": {
              "namespace": "https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/internals/security/#security-issue-severity-levels",
              "value": "moderate"
            },
            "type": "Django severity rating"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-407",
              "description": "CWE-407: Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-04-07T14:22:48.624Z",
        "orgId": "6a34fbeb-21d4-45e7-8e0a-62b95bc12c92",
        "shortName": "DSF"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "Django security archive",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/releases/security/"
        },
        {
          "name": "Django releases announcements",
          "tags": [
            "mailing-list"
          ],
          "url": "https://groups.google.com/g/django-announce"
        },
        {
          "name": "Django security releases issued: 6.0.4, 5.2.13, and 4.2.30",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2026/apr/07/security-releases/"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
      },
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-02-19T12:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Initial report received."
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-03-17T12:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Vulnerability confirmed."
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-04-07T09:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Security release issued."
        }
      ],
      "title": "Potential denial-of-service vulnerability in MultiPartParser via base64-encoded file upload",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "6a34fbeb-21d4-45e7-8e0a-62b95bc12c92",
    "assignerShortName": "DSF",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-33033",
    "datePublished": "2026-04-07T14:22:48.624Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-03-17T17:36:23.992Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-04-07T15:21:27.926Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-33123 (GCVE-0-2026-33123)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-20 09:09 – Updated: 2026-03-20 18:07
VLAI
Title
pypdf has inefficient decoding of array-based streams
Summary
pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Versions prior to 6.9.1 allow an attacker to craft a malicious PDF which leads to long runtimes and/or large memory usage. Exploitation requires accessing an array-based stream with many entries. This issue has been fixed in version 6.9.1.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
py-pdf pypdf Affected: < 6.9.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-33123",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-03-20T16:03:57.586173Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-03-20T18:07:16.458Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "pypdf",
          "vendor": "py-pdf",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 6.9.1"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Versions prior to 6.9.1 allow an attacker to craft a malicious PDF which leads to long runtimes and/or large memory usage. Exploitation requires accessing an array-based stream with many entries. This issue has been fixed in version 6.9.1."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "baseScore": 5.1,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "LOW",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-400",
              "description": "CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-407",
              "description": "CWE-407: Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-03-20T09:09:12.831Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/security/advisories/GHSA-qpxp-75px-xjcp",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/security/advisories/GHSA-qpxp-75px-xjcp"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/pull/3686",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/pull/3686"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/releases/tag/6.9.1",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/releases/tag/6.9.1"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-qpxp-75px-xjcp",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "pypdf has inefficient decoding of array-based streams"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-33123",
    "datePublished": "2026-03-20T09:09:12.831Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-03-17T20:35:49.926Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-03-20T18:07:16.458Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-34230 (GCVE-0-2026-34230)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-02 16:41 – Updated: 2026-04-03 18:19
VLAI
Title
Rack: Quadratic complexity in Rack::Utils.select_best_encoding via wildcard Accept-Encoding header
Summary
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6, Rack::Utils.select_best_encoding processes Accept-Encoding values with quadratic time complexity when the header contains many wildcard (*) entries. Because this method is used by Rack::Deflater to choose a response encoding, an unauthenticated attacker can send a single request with a crafted Accept-Encoding header and cause disproportionate CPU consumption on the compression middleware path. This results in a denial of service condition for applications using Rack::Deflater. This issue has been patched in versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
rack rack Affected: < 2.2.23
Affected: >= 3.0.0.beta1, < 3.1.21
Affected: >= 3.2.0, < 3.2.6
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-34230",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-04-02T18:56:03.220311Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-04-03T18:19:00.388Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "rack",
          "vendor": "rack",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 2.2.23"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 3.0.0.beta1, \u003c 3.1.21"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 3.2.0, \u003c 3.2.6"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6, Rack::Utils.select_best_encoding processes Accept-Encoding values with quadratic time complexity when the header contains many wildcard (*) entries. Because this method is used by Rack::Deflater to choose a response encoding, an unauthenticated attacker can send a single request with a crafted Accept-Encoding header and cause disproportionate CPU consumption on the compression middleware path. This results in a denial of service condition for applications using Rack::Deflater. This issue has been patched in versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "LOW",
            "baseScore": 5.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-400",
              "description": "CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-407",
              "description": "CWE-407: Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-04-02T16:41:21.095Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-v569-hp3g-36wr",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-v569-hp3g-36wr"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-v569-hp3g-36wr",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Rack: Quadratic complexity in Rack::Utils.select_best_encoding via wildcard Accept-Encoding header"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-34230",
    "datePublished": "2026-04-02T16:41:21.095Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-03-26T16:22:29.034Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-04-03T18:19:00.388Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-34573 (GCVE-0-2026-34573)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-31 15:06 – Updated: 2026-03-31 18:52
VLAI
Title
Parse Server: GraphQL complexity validator exponential fragment traversal DoS
Summary
Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. Prior to versions 8.6.68 and 9.7.0-alpha.12, the GraphQL query complexity validator can be exploited to cause a denial-of-service by sending a crafted query with binary fan-out fragment spreads. A single unauthenticated request can block the Node.js event loop for seconds, denying service to all concurrent users. This only affects deployments that have enabled the requestComplexity.graphQLDepth or requestComplexity.graphQLFields configuration options. This issue has been patched in versions 8.6.68 and 9.7.0-alpha.12.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
parse-community parse-server Affected: < 8.6.68
Affected: >= 9.0.0, < 9.7.0-alpha.12
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-34573",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-03-31T18:50:19.982563Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-03-31T18:52:50.211Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "parse-server",
          "vendor": "parse-community",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 8.6.68"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c 9.7.0-alpha.12"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. Prior to versions 8.6.68 and 9.7.0-alpha.12, the GraphQL query complexity validator can be exploited to cause a denial-of-service by sending a crafted query with binary fan-out fragment spreads. A single unauthenticated request can block the Node.js event loop for seconds, denying service to all concurrent users. This only affects deployments that have enabled the requestComplexity.graphQLDepth or requestComplexity.graphQLFields configuration options. This issue has been patched in versions 8.6.68 and 9.7.0-alpha.12."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 8.2,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-407",
              "description": "CWE-407: Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-03-31T15:06:33.372Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/security/advisories/GHSA-mfj6-6p54-m98c",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/security/advisories/GHSA-mfj6-6p54-m98c"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/pull/10344",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/pull/10344"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/pull/10345",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/pull/10345"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/commit/ea15412795f34594cc8a674fe858d445675e0295",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/commit/ea15412795f34594cc8a674fe858d445675e0295"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/commit/f759bda075298ec44e2b4fb57659a0c56620483b",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/commit/f759bda075298ec44e2b4fb57659a0c56620483b"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-mfj6-6p54-m98c",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Parse Server: GraphQL complexity validator exponential fragment traversal DoS"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-34573",
    "datePublished": "2026-03-31T15:06:33.372Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-03-30T16:56:30.998Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-03-31T18:52:50.211Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-34827 (GCVE-0-2026-34827)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-02 17:07 – Updated: 2026-06-30 12:09
VLAI
Title
Rack: Algorithmic-Complexity DoS in Rack::Multipart::Parser
Summary
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. From versions 3.0.0.beta1 to before 3.1.21, and 3.2.0 to before 3.2.6, Rack::Multipart::Parser#handle_mime_head parses quoted multipart parameters such as Content-Disposition: form-data; name="..." using repeated String#index searches combined with String#slice! prefix deletion. For escape-heavy quoted values, this causes super-linear processing. An unauthenticated attacker can send a crafted multipart/form-data request containing many parts with long backslash-escaped parameter values to trigger excessive CPU usage during multipart parsing. This results in a denial of service condition in Rack applications that accept multipart form data. This issue has been patched in versions 3.1.21 and 3.2.6.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-34827",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-04-02T18:42:04.834994Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-04-03T18:13:16.834Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      },
      {
        "affected": [
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:logging:5"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Logging Subsystem for Red Hat OpenShift",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_3scale_amp:2"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat 3scale API Management Platform 2",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
            "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
            "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
            "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
            "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          }
        ],
        "datePublic": "2026-04-02T17:07:48.279Z",
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "A flaw was found in Rack, a modular Ruby web server interface. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted multipart/form-data request. This request, containing numerous parts with lengthy backslash-escaped parameter values, causes the system to consume excessive CPU resources during parsing. This algorithmic complexity issue ultimately leads to a denial of service (DoS) condition in Rack applications that process multipart form data."
          }
        ],
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "namespace": "https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/",
                "value": "Important"
              },
              "type": "Red Hat severity rating"
            }
          },
          {
            "cvssV3_1": {
              "attackComplexity": "LOW",
              "attackVector": "NETWORK",
              "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
              "baseScore": 7.5,
              "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
              "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
              "integrityImpact": "NONE",
              "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
              "scope": "UNCHANGED",
              "userInteraction": "NONE",
              "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
              "version": "3.1"
            },
            "format": "CVSS"
          }
        ],
        "problemTypes": [
          {
            "descriptions": [
              {
                "cweId": "CWE-770",
                "description": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling",
                "lang": "en",
                "type": "CWE"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-06-30T12:09:07.726Z",
          "orgId": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
          "shortName": "redhat-SADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "vdb-entry",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-34827"
          },
          {
            "name": "RHBZ#2454501",
            "tags": [
              "issue-tracking",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2454501"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_sadp-csaf-vex"
            ],
            "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-34827.json"
          }
        ],
        "timeline": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "time": "2026-04-02T18:02:05.760Z",
            "value": "Reported to Red Hat."
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "time": "2026-04-02T17:07:48.279Z",
            "value": "Made public."
          }
        ],
        "title": "rack: Rack: Denial of Service via crafted multipart/form-data requests",
        "workarounds": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "Mitigation for this issue is either not available or the currently available options do not meet the Red Hat Product Security criteria comprising ease of use and deployment, applicability to widespread installation base or stability."
          }
        ],
        "x_adpType": "supplier",
        "x_generator": {
          "engine": "sadp-cli 1.0.0"
        }
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "rack",
          "vendor": "rack",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 3.0.0.beta1, \u003c 3.1.21"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 3.2.0, \u003c 3.2.6"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. From versions 3.0.0.beta1 to before 3.1.21, and 3.2.0 to before 3.2.6, Rack::Multipart::Parser#handle_mime_head parses quoted multipart parameters such as Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"...\" using repeated String#index searches combined with String#slice! prefix deletion. For escape-heavy quoted values, this causes super-linear processing. An unauthenticated attacker can send a crafted multipart/form-data request containing many parts with long backslash-escaped parameter values to trigger excessive CPU usage during multipart parsing. This results in a denial of service condition in Rack applications that accept multipart form data. This issue has been patched in versions 3.1.21 and 3.2.6."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-407",
              "description": "CWE-407: Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-400",
              "description": "CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-770",
              "description": "CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-04-02T17:07:48.279Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-v6x5-cg8r-vv6x",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-v6x5-cg8r-vv6x"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-v6x5-cg8r-vv6x",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Rack: Algorithmic-Complexity DoS in Rack::Multipart::Parser"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-34827",
    "datePublished": "2026-04-02T17:07:48.279Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-03-30T20:52:53.283Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-06-30T12:09:07.726Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-35599 (GCVE-0-2026-35599)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-10 16:05 – Updated: 2026-04-10 18:28
VLAI
Title
Vikunja has an Algorithmic Complexity DoS in Repeating Task Handler
Summary
Vikunja is an open-source self-hosted task management platform. Prior to 2.3.0, the addRepeatIntervalToTime function uses an O(n) loop that advances a date by the task's RepeatAfter duration until it exceeds the current time. By creating a repeating task with a 1-second interval and a due date far in the past, an attacker triggers billions of loop iterations, consuming CPU and holding a database connection for minutes per request. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.3.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
go-vikunja vikunja Affected: < 2.3.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-35599",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-04-10T18:27:47.907031Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-04-10T18:28:29.310Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "vikunja",
          "vendor": "go-vikunja",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 2.3.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Vikunja is an open-source self-hosted task management platform. Prior to 2.3.0, the addRepeatIntervalToTime function uses an O(n) loop that advances a date by the task\u0027s RepeatAfter duration until it exceeds the current time. By creating a repeating task with a 1-second interval and a due date far in the past, an attacker triggers billions of loop iterations, consuming CPU and holding a database connection for minutes per request. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.3.0."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 6.5,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-407",
              "description": "CWE-407: Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-04-10T16:05:57.581Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/go-vikunja/vikunja/security/advisories/GHSA-r4fg-73rc-hhh7",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/go-vikunja/vikunja/security/advisories/GHSA-r4fg-73rc-hhh7"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/go-vikunja/vikunja/pull/2577",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/go-vikunja/vikunja/pull/2577"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/go-vikunja/vikunja/commit/6df0d6c8f54b01db6464c42810e40e55f12b481b",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/go-vikunja/vikunja/commit/6df0d6c8f54b01db6464c42810e40e55f12b481b"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/go-vikunja/vikunja/releases/tag/v2.3.0",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/go-vikunja/vikunja/releases/tag/v2.3.0"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-r4fg-73rc-hhh7",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Vikunja has an Algorithmic Complexity DoS in Repeating Task Handler"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-35599",
    "datePublished": "2026-04-10T16:05:57.581Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-04-03T21:25:12.162Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-04-10T18:28:29.310Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-3988 (GCVE-0-2026-3988)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-25 16:33 – Updated: 2026-03-25 17:21
VLAI
Title
Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity in GitLab
Summary
GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 18.5 before 18.8.7, 18.9 before 18.9.3, and 18.10 before 18.10.1 that could have allowed an unauthenticated user to cause a denial of service by making the GitLab instance unresponsive due to improper input validation in GraphQL request processing.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
GitLab GitLab Affected: 18.5 , < 18.8.7 (semver)
Affected: 18.9 , < 18.9.3 (semver)
Affected: 18.10 , < 18.10.1 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Thanks [svalkanov](https://hackerone.com/svalkanov) for reporting this vulnerability through our HackerOne bug bounty program
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-3988",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-03-25T17:21:45.431064Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-03-25T17:21:53.191Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "GitLab",
          "repo": "git://git@gitlab.com:gitlab-org/gitlab.git",
          "vendor": "GitLab",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "18.8.7",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "18.5",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "18.9.3",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "18.9",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "18.10.1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "18.10",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Thanks [svalkanov](https://hackerone.com/svalkanov) for reporting this vulnerability through our HackerOne bug bounty program"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 18.5 before 18.8.7, 18.9 before 18.9.3, and 18.10 before 18.10.1 that could have allowed an unauthenticated user to cause a denial of service by making the GitLab instance unresponsive due to improper input validation in GraphQL request processing."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-407",
              "description": "CWE-407: Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-03-25T16:33:43.952Z",
        "orgId": "ceab7361-8a18-47b1-92ba-4d7d25f6715a",
        "shortName": "GitLab"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/work_items/593140"
        },
        {
          "name": "HackerOne Bug Bounty Report #3597342",
          "tags": [
            "technical-description",
            "exploit",
            "permissions-required"
          ],
          "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/3597342"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2026/03/25/patch-release-gitlab-18-10-1-released/"
        }
      ],
      "solutions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Upgrade to versions 18.8.7, 18.9.3, 18.10.1 or above."
        }
      ],
      "title": "Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity in GitLab"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "ceab7361-8a18-47b1-92ba-4d7d25f6715a",
    "assignerShortName": "GitLab",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-3988",
    "datePublished": "2026-03-25T16:33:43.952Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-03-11T15:37:07.048Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-03-25T17:21:53.191Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-40164 (GCVE-0-2026-40164)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-13 23:40 – Updated: 2026-07-02 12:05
VLAI
Title
jq: Algorithmic complexity DoS via hardcoded MurmurHash3 seed
Summary
jq is a command-line JSON processor. Before commit 0c7d133c3c7e37c00b6d46b658a02244fdd3c784, jq used MurmurHash3 with a hardcoded, publicly visible seed (0x432A9843) for all JSON object hash table operations, which allowed an attacker to precompute key collisions offline. By supplying a crafted JSON object (~100 KB) where all keys hashed to the same bucket, hash table lookups degraded from O(1) to O(n), turning any jq expression into an O(n²) operation and causing significant CPU exhaustion. This affected common jq use cases such as CI/CD pipelines, web services, and data processing scripts, and was far more practical to exploit than existing heap overflow issues since it required only a small payload. This issue has been patched in commit 0c7d133c3c7e37c00b6d46b658a02244fdd3c784.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-328 - Use of Weak Hash
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
  • CWE-341 - Predictable from Observable State
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://github.com/jqlang/jq/security/advisories/… x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/jqlang/jq/commit/0c7d133c3c7e3… x_refsource_MISC
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-40164 vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2458084 issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT
https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… x_sadp-csaf-vex
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:26528 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:26542 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:28887 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:23233 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:25044 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:25181 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:23245 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:16252 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18048 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18047 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18046 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18045 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18044 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18040 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:16692 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19151 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18043 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18042 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:16693 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19365 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:25096 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30078 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30089 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30088 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30087 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:8579 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
jqlang jq Affected: < 0c7d133c3c7e37c00b6d46b658a02244fdd3c784
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.12     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.12::el8
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.13     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.13::el9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.14     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.14::el9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.15     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.15::el9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.16     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.16::el9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.18     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.18::el9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.19     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.19::el9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8)     cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream AUS (v.8.4)     cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.4::appstream
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS EXTENSION (v.8.4)     cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.4::appstream
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream AUS (v.8.6)     cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6::appstream
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.8.6)     cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.6::appstream
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream TUS (v.8.6)     cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.6::appstream
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.8.8)     cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8::appstream
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream TUS (v.8.8)     cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8::appstream
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.0)     cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.0::appstream
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2)     cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2::appstream
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v. 10.0)     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 10)     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.1
    cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.4)     cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus:9.4::baseos
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.6)     cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6::baseos
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9)     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v. 10.0)     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 10)     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.1
    cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8)     cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::crb
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.4)     cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.4::crb
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.6)     cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6::crb
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 9)     cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::crb
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2     cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.2::el9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3     cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.3::el9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Hardened Images     cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-40164",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-04-14T19:08:48.249009Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-04-14T19:27:38.916Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      },
      {
        "affected": [
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.12::el8"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.12",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.13::el9"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.13",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.14::el9"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.14",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.15::el9"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.15",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.16::el9"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.16",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.18::el9"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.18",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.19::el9"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.19",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8)",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.4::appstream"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream AUS (v.8.4)",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.4::appstream"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS EXTENSION (v.8.4)",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6::appstream"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream AUS (v.8.6)",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.6::appstream"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.8.6)",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.6::appstream"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream TUS (v.8.6)",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8::appstream"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.8.8)",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8::appstream"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream TUS (v.8.8)",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.0::appstream"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.0)",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2::appstream"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2)",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v. 10.0)",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.1",
              "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 10)",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus:9.4::baseos"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.4)",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6::baseos"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.6)",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9)",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v. 10.0)",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.1",
              "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 10)",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::crb"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8)",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.4::crb"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.4)",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6::crb"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.6)",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::crb"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 9)",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.2::el9"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.3::el9"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "affected",
            "product": "Red Hat Hardened Images",
            "vendor": "Red Hat"
          }
        ],
        "datePublic": "2026-04-13T23:40:12.693Z",
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "A flaw was found in jq, a command-line JSON processor. A remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability by providing a specially crafted JSON object. This object leverages a weakness in jq\u0027s hashing algorithm, which uses a hardcoded, publicly known seed. By crafting the JSON object to cause hash collisions, an attacker can degrade the performance of JSON object hash table operations, leading to significant CPU exhaustion and a denial of service (DoS) for systems processing the malicious JSON data."
          }
        ],
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "namespace": "https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/",
                "value": "Important"
              },
              "type": "Red Hat severity rating"
            }
          },
          {
            "cvssV3_1": {
              "attackComplexity": "LOW",
              "attackVector": "NETWORK",
              "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
              "baseScore": 7.5,
              "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
              "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
              "integrityImpact": "NONE",
              "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
              "scope": "UNCHANGED",
              "userInteraction": "NONE",
              "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
              "version": "3.1"
            },
            "format": "CVSS"
          }
        ],
        "problemTypes": [
          {
            "descriptions": [
              {
                "cweId": "CWE-341",
                "description": "Predictable from Observable State",
                "lang": "en",
                "type": "CWE"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-07-02T12:05:09.700Z",
          "orgId": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
          "shortName": "redhat-SADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "vdb-entry",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-40164"
          },
          {
            "name": "RHBZ#2458084",
            "tags": [
              "issue-tracking",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2458084"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_sadp-csaf-vex"
            ],
            "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-40164.json"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:26528"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:26542"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:28887"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:23233"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:25044"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:25181"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:23245"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:16252"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18048"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18047"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18046"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18045"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18044"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18040"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:16692"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19151"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18043"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18042"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:16693"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19365"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:25096"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30078"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30089"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30088"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30087"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:8579"
          }
        ],
        "solutions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:26528: Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.12"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:26542: Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.13"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:28887: Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.14"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:23233: Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.15"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:25044: Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.16"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:25181: Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.18"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:23245: Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.19"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:16252: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8), Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8)"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:18048: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream AUS (v.8.4), Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS EXTENSION (v.8.4)"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:18047: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream AUS (v.8.6), Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.8.6), Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream TUS (v.8.6)"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:18046: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.8.8), Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream TUS (v.8.8)"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:18045: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.0)"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:18044: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2)"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:18040: Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v. 10.0), Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v. 10.0)"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:16692: Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 10), Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 10)"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:19151: Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 10), Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 10)"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:18043: Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.4), Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.4)"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:18042: Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.6), Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.6)"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:16693: Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9), Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 9)"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:19365: Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9), Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 9)"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:25096: Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:30078: Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:30089: Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:30088: Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:30087: Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:8579: Red Hat Hardened Images"
          }
        ],
        "timeline": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "time": "2026-04-14T00:01:04.003Z",
            "value": "Reported to Red Hat."
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "time": "2026-04-13T23:40:12.693Z",
            "value": "Made public."
          }
        ],
        "title": "jq: jq: Denial of Service via crafted JSON object causing hash collisions",
        "workarounds": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "Mitigation for this issue is either not available or the currently available options do not meet the Red Hat Product Security criteria comprising ease of use and deployment, applicability to widespread installation base or stability."
          }
        ],
        "x_adpType": "supplier",
        "x_generator": {
          "engine": "sadp-cli 1.0.0"
        }
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "jq",
          "vendor": "jqlang",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 0c7d133c3c7e37c00b6d46b658a02244fdd3c784"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "jq is a command-line JSON processor. Before commit 0c7d133c3c7e37c00b6d46b658a02244fdd3c784, jq used MurmurHash3 with a hardcoded, publicly visible seed (0x432A9843) for all JSON object hash table operations, which allowed an attacker to precompute key collisions offline. By supplying a crafted JSON object (~100 KB) where all keys hashed to the same bucket, hash table lookups degraded from O(1) to O(n), turning any jq expression into an O(n\u00b2) operation and causing significant CPU exhaustion. This affected common jq use cases such as CI/CD pipelines, web services, and data processing scripts, and was far more practical to exploit than existing heap overflow issues since it required only a small payload. This issue has been patched in commit 0c7d133c3c7e37c00b6d46b658a02244fdd3c784."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-328",
              "description": "CWE-328: Use of Weak Hash",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-407",
              "description": "CWE-407: Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-04-13T23:40:12.693Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/jqlang/jq/security/advisories/GHSA-wwj8-gxm6-jc29",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/jqlang/jq/security/advisories/GHSA-wwj8-gxm6-jc29"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/jqlang/jq/commit/0c7d133c3c7e37c00b6d46b658a02244fdd3c784",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/jqlang/jq/commit/0c7d133c3c7e37c00b6d46b658a02244fdd3c784"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-wwj8-gxm6-jc29",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "jq: Algorithmic complexity DoS via hardcoded MurmurHash3 seed"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-40164",
    "datePublished": "2026-04-13T23:40:12.693Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-04-09T19:31:56.014Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-07-02T12:05:09.700Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-40476 (GCVE-0-2026-40476)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-17 21:42 – Updated: 2026-04-20 14:56
VLAI
Title
graphql-php: Denial of Service via quadratic complexity in OverlappingFieldsCanBeMerged validation
Summary
graphql-go is a Go implementation of GraphQL. In versions 15.31.4 and below, the OverlappingFieldsCanBeMerged validation rule performs O(n²) pairwise comparisons of fields sharing the same response name. An attacker can send a query with thousands of repeated identical fields, causing excessive CPU usage during validation before execution begins. This is not mitigated by existing QueryDepth or QueryComplexity rules. This issue has been fixed in version 15.31.5.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
webonyx graphql-php Affected: < 15.31.5
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-40476",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-04-20T14:53:06.028689Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-04-20T14:56:57.812Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "graphql-php",
          "vendor": "webonyx",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 15.31.5"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "graphql-go is a Go implementation of GraphQL. In versions 15.31.4 and below, the OverlappingFieldsCanBeMerged validation rule performs O(n\u00b2) pairwise comparisons of fields sharing the same response name. An attacker can send a query with thousands of repeated identical fields, causing excessive CPU usage during validation before execution begins. This is not mitigated by existing QueryDepth or QueryComplexity rules. This issue has been fixed in version 15.31.5."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 6.9,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "LOW",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-407",
              "description": "CWE-407: Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-04-17T21:42:59.511Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/webonyx/graphql-php/security/advisories/GHSA-68jq-c3rv-pcrr",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/webonyx/graphql-php/security/advisories/GHSA-68jq-c3rv-pcrr"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/webonyx/graphql-php/releases/tag/v15.31.5",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/webonyx/graphql-php/releases/tag/v15.31.5"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-68jq-c3rv-pcrr",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "graphql-php: Denial of Service via quadratic complexity in OverlappingFieldsCanBeMerged validation"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-40476",
    "datePublished": "2026-04-17T21:42:59.511Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-04-13T19:50:42.113Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-04-20T14:56:57.812Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

No mitigation information available for this CWE.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

Back to CWE stats page