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CWE-367
Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.
CVE-2026-21912 (GCVE-0-2026-21912)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-15 20:24 – Updated: 2026-01-15 20:50
VLAI
Title
Junos OS: MX10k Series: 'show system firmware' CLI command may lead to LC480 or LC2101 line card reset
Summary
A Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition vulnerability in the method to collect FPC Ethernet firmware statistics of Juniper Networks Junos OS on MX10k Series allows a local, low-privileged attacker executing the 'show system firmware' CLI command to cause an LC480 or LC2101 line card to reset.
On MX10k Series systems with LC480 or LC2101 line cards, repeated execution of the 'show system firmware' CLI command can cause the line card to crash and restart. Additionally, some time after the line card crashes, chassisd may also crash and restart, generating a core dump.This issue affects Junos OS on MX10k Series:
* all versions before 21.2R3-S10,
* from 21.4 before 21.4R3-S9,
* from 22.2 before 22.2R3-S7,
* from 22.4 before 22.4R3-S6,
* from 23.2 before 23.2R2-S2,
* from 23.4 before 23.4R2-S3,
* from 24.2 before 24.2R2.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://supportportal.juniper.net/JSA106011 | vendor-advisory |
| https://kb.juniper.net/JSA106011 | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Juniper Networks | Junos OS |
Affected:
0 , < 21.2R3-S10
(semver)
Affected: 21.4 , < 21.4R3-S9 (semver) Affected: 22.2 , < 22.2R3-S7 (semver) Affected: 22.4 , < 22.4R3-S6 (semver) Affected: 23.2 , < 23.2R2-S2 (semver) Affected: 23.4 , < 23.4R2-S3 (semver) Affected: 24.2 , < 24.2R2 (semver) |
Date Public
2026-01-14 17:00
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CVE-2026-22281 (GCVE-0-2026-22281)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-22 19:11 – Updated: 2026-01-22 19:35
VLAI
Summary
Dell PowerScale OneFS, versions 9.5.0.0 through 9.5.1.5, versions 9.6.0.0 through 9.7.1.10, versions 9.8.0.0 through 9.10.1.3, versions starting from 9.11.0.0 and prior to 9.13.0.0, contains a Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition vulnerability. A low privileged attacker with adjacent network access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to denial of service.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/00041558… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dell | PowerScale OneFS |
Affected:
N/A , < 9.13.0.0
(semver)
Affected: N/A , < 9.5.1.6 (semver) Affected: N/A , < 9.7.1.11 (semver) Affected: N/A , < 9.10.1.4 (semver) |
Date Public
2026-01-22 18:30
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CVE-2026-22701 (GCVE-0-2026-22701)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-10 05:59 – Updated: 2026-01-12 16:45
VLAI
Title
filelock Time-of-Check-Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Symlink Vulnerability in SoftFileLock
Summary
filelock is a platform-independent file lock for Python. Prior to version 3.20.3, a TOCTOU race condition vulnerability exists in the SoftFileLock implementation of the filelock package. An attacker with local filesystem access and permission to create symlinks can exploit a race condition between the permission validation and file creation to cause lock operations to fail or behave unexpectedly. The vulnerability occurs in the _acquire() method between raise_on_not_writable_file() (permission check) and os.open() (file creation). During this race window, an attacker can create a symlink at the lock file path, potentially causing the lock to operate on an unintended target file or leading to denial of service. This issue has been patched in version 3.20.3.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/tox-dev/filelock/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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| https://github.com/tox-dev/filelock/commit/41b42d… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-22820 (GCVE-0-2026-22820)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-14 15:06 – Updated: 2026-01-14 15:19
VLAI
Title
Outray cli is vulnerable to race conditions in tunnels creation
Summary
Outray openSource ngrok alternative. Prior to 0.1.5, a TOCTOU race condition vulnerability allows a user to exceed the set number of active tunnels in their subscription plan. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.1.5.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/outray-tunnel/outray/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/outray-tunnel/outray/commit/08… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| akinloluwami | outray |
Affected:
< 0.1.5
|
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CVE-2026-2364 (GCVE-0-2026-2364)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-10 07:22 – Updated: 2026-03-10 16:51
VLAI
Title
CODESYS Installer TOCTOU Privilege Escalation
Summary
If a legitimate user confirms a self-update prompt or initiate an installation of a CODESYS Development System, a low privileged local attacker can gain elevated rights due to a TOCTOU vulnerability in the CODESYS installer.
Severity
7.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CODESYS | CODESYS Installer |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 2.6.1.0
(semver)
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CVE-2026-23950 (GCVE-0-2026-23950)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-20 00:40 – Updated: 2026-01-21 20:15
VLAI
Title
node-tar has Race Condition in Path Reservations via Unicode Ligature Collisions on macOS APFS
Summary
node-tar,a Tar for Node.js, has a race condition vulnerability in versions up to and including 7.5.3. This is due to an incomplete handling of Unicode path collisions in the `path-reservations` system. On case-insensitive or normalization-insensitive filesystems (such as macOS APFS, In which it has been tested), the library fails to lock colliding paths (e.g., `ß` and `ss`), allowing them to be processed in parallel. This bypasses the library's internal concurrency safeguards and permits Symlink Poisoning attacks via race conditions. The library uses a `PathReservations` system to ensure that metadata checks and file operations for the same path are serialized. This prevents race conditions where one entry might clobber another concurrently. This is a Race Condition which enables Arbitrary File Overwrite. This vulnerability affects users and systems using node-tar on macOS (APFS/HFS+). Because of using `NFD` Unicode normalization (in which `ß` and `ss` are different), conflicting paths do not have their order properly preserved under filesystems that ignore Unicode normalization (e.g., APFS (in which `ß` causes an inode collision with `ss`)). This enables an attacker to circumvent internal parallelization locks (`PathReservations`) using conflicting filenames within a malicious tar archive. The patch in version 7.5.4 updates `path-reservations.js` to use a normalization form that matches the target filesystem's behavior (e.g., `NFKD`), followed by first `toLocaleLowerCase('en')` and then `toLocaleUpperCase('en')`. As a workaround, users who cannot upgrade promptly, and who are programmatically using `node-tar` to extract arbitrary tarball data should filter out all `SymbolicLink` entries (as npm does) to defend against arbitrary file writes via this file system entry name collision issue.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/isaacs/node-tar/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/isaacs/node-tar/commit/3b1abfa… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-23988 (GCVE-0-2026-23988)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-22 21:52 – Updated: 2026-01-23 20:13
VLAI
Title
Rufus has Local Privilege Escalation via TOCTOU Race Condition in Fido Script Handling
Summary
Rufus is a utility that helps format and create bootable USB flash drives. Versions 4.11 and below contain a race condition (TOCTOU) in src/net.c during the creation, validation, and execution of the Fido PowerShell script. Since Rufus runs with elevated privileges (Administrator) but writes the script to the %TEMP% directory (writeable by standard users) without locking the file, a local attacker can replace the legitimate script with a malicious one between the file write operation and the execution step. This allows arbitrary code execution with Administrator privileges. This issue has been fixed in version 4.12_BETA.
Severity
7.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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| https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/tag/v4.… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-24065 (GCVE-0-2026-24065)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 14:50 – Updated: 2026-06-09 15:58
VLAI
Title
Local Privilege Escalation via Insecure XPC Client Validation in Waves Central for macOS
Summary
Waves Central for macOS versions 13.0.9 through 16.5.5 contain a local privilege escalation vulnerability in the privileged helper service. The helper validates connecting XPC clients using the client process identifier (PID) to verify code-signing identity. Because process identifiers can be reused, a local attacker can exploit a race condition between the time a connection request is made and the time the helper performs validation, causing the helper to trust an attacker-controlled process. This allows the attacker to invoke privileged operations, resulting in arbitrary code execution as root. The issue is fixed in version 16.6.2.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://r.sec-consult.com/waves | third-party-advisory |
| https://sec-consult.com/vulnerability-lab/advisor… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Waves Audio Ltd. | Waves Central |
Affected:
13.0.9 , ≤ 16.5.5
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2026-24067 (GCVE-0-2026-24067)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-10 11:49 – Updated: 2026-06-10 14:24
VLAI
Title
Slate Digital Connect macOS XPC PID validation privilege escalation
Summary
Slate Digital Connect 1.37.0 for macOS installs a privileged helper tool, com.slatedigital.connect.privileged.helper.tool, which exposes the XPC service com.slatedigital.connect.privileged.helper.tool2. The helper validates connecting XPC clients by obtaining the client's process identifier and using it to retrieve code-signing information for the process. This PID-based client validation is subject to a time-of-check time-of-use race condition because process identifiers can be reused. A local attacker can exploit PID reuse so that validation is performed against a trusted process instead of the original connecting process. This allows unauthorized access to privileged helper functionality and may lead to local privilege escalation.
Severity
8.4 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://r.sec-consult.com/slate | third-party-advisory |
| https://sec-consult.com/vulnerability-lab/advisor… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Slate Digital LLC | Slate Digital Connect |
Affected:
1.37.0
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2026-24071 (GCVE-0-2026-24071)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-02 13:23 – Updated: 2026-02-03 14:42
VLAI
Title
XPC Client Validation via PID leading to Local Privilege Escalation in Native Instruments Native Access
Summary
It was found that the XPC service offered by the privileged helper of Native Access uses the PID of the connecting client to verify its code signature. This is considered insecure and can be exploited by PID reuse attacks. The connection handler function uses _xpc_connection_get_pid(arg2) as argument for the hasValidSignature function. This value can not be trusted since it is vulnerable to PID reuse attacks.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://sec-consult.com/vulnerability-lab/advisor… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Native Instruments | Native Access |
Affected:
verified up to 3.22.0
|
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Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.
Mitigation
Phases: Implementation, Architecture and Design
Description:
- If you cannot perform operations atomically and you must share access to the resource between multiple processes or threads, then try to limit the amount of time (CPU cycles) between the check and use of the resource. This will not fix the problem, but it could make it more difficult for an attack to succeed.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Recheck the resource after the use call to verify that the action was taken appropriately.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Ensure that some environmental locking mechanism can be used to protect resources effectively.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Ensure that locking occurs before the check, as opposed to afterwards, such that the resource, as checked, is the same as it is when in use.
CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links
This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.