CWE-323

Reusing a Nonce, Key Pair in Encryption

Nonces should be used for the present occasion and only once.

CVE-2023-28997 (GCVE-0-2023-28997)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2023-04-04 12:42
Modified
2025-11-03 18:08
Severity ?
6.7 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-323 - Reusing a Nonce, Key Pair in Encryption
Summary
The Nextcloud Desktop Client is a tool to synchronize files from Nextcloud Server. Starting with version 3.0.0 and prior to version 3.6.5, a malicious server administrator can recover and modify the contents of end-to-end encrypted files. Users should upgrade the Nextcloud Desktop client to 3.6.5 to receive a patch. No known workarounds are available.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nextcloud security-advisories Version: >= 3.0.0, < 3.6.5
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T18:08:06.573Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "name": "https://github.com/nextcloud/security-advisories/security/advisories/GHSA-4p33-rw27-j5fc",
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_CONFIRM",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/nextcloud/security-advisories/security/advisories/GHSA-4p33-rw27-j5fc"
          },
          {
            "name": "https://github.com/nextcloud/desktop/pull/5324",
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_MISC",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/nextcloud/desktop/pull/5324"
          },
          {
            "name": "https://ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/infk/inst-infsec/appliedcrypto/education/theses/report_DanieleCoppola.pdf",
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_MISC",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/infk/inst-infsec/appliedcrypto/education/theses/report_DanieleCoppola.pdf"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/09/msg00018.html"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      },
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2023-28997",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-02-11T15:32:23.436656Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-02-11T15:32:27.817Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "security-advisories",
          "vendor": "nextcloud",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 3.0.0, \u003c 3.6.5"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The Nextcloud Desktop Client is a tool to synchronize files from Nextcloud Server. Starting with version 3.0.0 and prior to version 3.6.5, a malicious server administrator can recover and modify the contents of end-to-end encrypted files. Users should upgrade the Nextcloud Desktop client to 3.6.5 to receive a patch. No known workarounds are available."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "PHYSICAL",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 6.7,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
            "scope": "CHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-323",
              "description": "CWE-323: Reusing a Nonce, Key Pair in Encryption",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2023-04-04T12:42:24.540Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/nextcloud/security-advisories/security/advisories/GHSA-4p33-rw27-j5fc",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/nextcloud/security-advisories/security/advisories/GHSA-4p33-rw27-j5fc"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/nextcloud/desktop/pull/5324",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/nextcloud/desktop/pull/5324"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/infk/inst-infsec/appliedcrypto/education/theses/report_DanieleCoppola.pdf",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/infk/inst-infsec/appliedcrypto/education/theses/report_DanieleCoppola.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-4p33-rw27-j5fc",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Nextcloud Desktop: Initialization vector reuse in E2EE allows malicious server admin to break, manipulate, access files"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2023-28997",
    "datePublished": "2023-04-04T12:42:24.540Z",
    "dateReserved": "2023-03-29T17:39:16.141Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T18:08:06.573Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2023-7003 (GCVE-0-2023-7003)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2024-03-15 17:09
Modified
2025-11-04 18:22
Severity ?
6.8 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-323 - Reusing a Nonce, Key Pair in Encryption
Summary
The AES key utilized in the pairing process between a lock using Sciener firmware and a wireless keypad is not unique, and can be reused to compromise other locks using the Sciener firmware.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Sciener Kontrol Lux Version: 6.5.x   <
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-11-04T18:22:05.474Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://alephsecurity.com/2024/03/07/kontrol-lux-lock-2/"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/949046"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      },
      {
        "affected": [
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:2.3:a:sciener:ttlock_app:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "unknown",
            "product": "ttlock_app",
            "vendor": "sciener",
            "versions": [
              {
                "lessThanOrEqual": "6.5.07",
                "status": "affected",
                "version": "6.5.0",
                "versionType": "custom"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "metrics": [
          {
            "cvssV3_1": {
              "attackComplexity": "LOW",
              "attackVector": "PHYSICAL",
              "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
              "baseScore": 6.8,
              "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
              "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
              "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
              "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
              "scope": "UNCHANGED",
              "userInteraction": "NONE",
              "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
              "version": "3.1"
            }
          },
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2023-7003",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2024-03-19T15:26:50.526350Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-08-21T23:18:09.379Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "Kontrol Lux",
          "vendor": "Sciener",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.5.07",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.5.x",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The AES key utilized in the pairing process between a lock using Sciener firmware and a wireless keypad is not unique, and can be reused to compromise other locks using the Sciener firmware."
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-323",
              "description": "CWE-323 Reusing a Nonce, Key Pair in Encryption",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2024-09-24T14:42:55.921Z",
        "orgId": "37e5125f-f79b-445b-8fad-9564f167944b",
        "shortName": "certcc"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://alephsecurity.com/2024/03/07/kontrol-lux-lock-2/"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "CVE-2023-7003",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "cveClient/1.0.15"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "37e5125f-f79b-445b-8fad-9564f167944b",
    "assignerShortName": "certcc",
    "cveId": "CVE-2023-7003",
    "datePublished": "2024-03-15T17:09:14.442Z",
    "dateReserved": "2023-12-20T14:56:09.534Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-11-04T18:22:05.474Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2024-23688 (GCVE-0-2024-23688)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2024-01-19 21:26
Modified
2025-11-29 02:02
Severity ?
5.3 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-323 - Reusing a Nonce, Key Pair in Encryption
Summary
Consensys Discovery versions less than 0.4.5 uses the same AES/GCM nonce for the entire session. which should ideally be unique for every message. The node's private key isn't compromised, only the session key generated for specific peer communication is exposed.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Version: 0
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-08-01T23:06:25.353Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/ConsenSys/discovery/security/advisories/GHSA-w3hj-wr2q-x83g"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "third-party-advisory",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-w3hj-wr2q-x83g"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "third-party-advisory",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://vulncheck.com/advisories/vc-advisory-GHSA-w3hj-wr2q-x83g"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      },
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "cvssV3_1": {
              "attackComplexity": "LOW",
              "attackVector": "NETWORK",
              "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
              "baseScore": 5.3,
              "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
              "confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
              "integrityImpact": "NONE",
              "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
              "scope": "UNCHANGED",
              "userInteraction": "NONE",
              "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
              "version": "3.1"
            }
          },
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2024-23688",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2024-01-22T15:45:15.449903Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-06-20T18:28:31.476Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "tech.pegasys.discovery:discovery",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "0.4.5",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "maven"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:consensys:discovery:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "0.4.5",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ],
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eConsensys Discovery versions less than 0.4.5 uses the same AES/GCM nonce for the entire session. which should ideally be unique for every message. The node\u0027s private key isn\u0027t compromised, only the session key generated for specific peer communication is exposed.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "Consensys Discovery versions less than 0.4.5 uses the same AES/GCM nonce for the entire session. which should ideally be unique for every message. The node\u0027s private key isn\u0027t compromised, only the session key generated for specific peer communication is exposed."
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-323",
              "description": "CWE-323 Reusing a Nonce, Key Pair in Encryption",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-11-29T02:02:09.730Z",
        "orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
        "shortName": "VulnCheck"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/ConsenSys/discovery/security/advisories/GHSA-w3hj-wr2q-x83g"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-w3hj-wr2q-x83g"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://vulncheck.com/advisories/vc-advisory-GHSA-w3hj-wr2q-x83g"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "INTERNAL"
      },
      "title": "Consensys Discovery Nonce Reuse",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "vulncheck"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
    "assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
    "cveId": "CVE-2024-23688",
    "datePublished": "2024-01-19T21:26:35.282Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-01-19T17:35:09.985Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-11-29T02:02:09.730Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-64767 (GCVE-0-2025-64767)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-11-21 18:47
Modified
2025-11-21 19:01
Severity ?
9.1 (Critical) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-323 - Reusing a Nonce, Key Pair in Encryption
Summary
hpke-js is a Hybrid Public Key Encryption (HPKE) module built on top of Web Cryptography API. Prior to version 1.7.5, the public SenderContext Seal() API has a race condition which allows for the same AEAD nonce to be re-used for multiple Seal() calls. This can lead to complete loss of Confidentiality and Integrity of the produced messages. This issue has been patched in version 1.7.5.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
dajiaji hpke-js Version: < 1.7.5
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-64767",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-11-21T18:59:55.477261Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-11-21T19:01:11.833Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "hpke-js",
          "vendor": "dajiaji",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 1.7.5"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "hpke-js is a Hybrid Public Key Encryption (HPKE) module built on top of Web Cryptography API. Prior to version 1.7.5, the public SenderContext Seal() API has a race condition which allows for the same AEAD nonce to be re-used for multiple Seal() calls. This can lead to complete loss of Confidentiality and Integrity of the produced messages. This issue has been patched in version 1.7.5."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 9.1,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-323",
              "description": "CWE-323: Reusing a Nonce, Key Pair in Encryption",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-11-21T18:47:19.930Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/dajiaji/hpke-js/security/advisories/GHSA-73g8-5h73-26h4",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/dajiaji/hpke-js/security/advisories/GHSA-73g8-5h73-26h4"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/dajiaji/hpke-js/commit/94a767c9b9f37ce48d5cd86f7017d8cacd294aaf",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/dajiaji/hpke-js/commit/94a767c9b9f37ce48d5cd86f7017d8cacd294aaf"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/dajiaji/hpke-js/blob/b7fd3592c7c08660c98289d67c6bb7f891af75c4/packages/core/src/senderContext.ts#L22-L34",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/dajiaji/hpke-js/blob/b7fd3592c7c08660c98289d67c6bb7f891af75c4/packages/core/src/senderContext.ts#L22-L34"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-73g8-5h73-26h4",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "hpke-js reuses AEAD nonces"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-64767",
    "datePublished": "2025-11-21T18:47:19.930Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-11-10T22:29:34.877Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-11-21T19:01:11.833Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation

Phase: Implementation

Description:

  • Refuse to reuse nonce values.
Mitigation

Phase: Implementation

Description:

  • Use techniques such as requiring incrementing, time based and/or challenge response to assure uniqueness of nonces.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

Back to CWE stats page