Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-290

Authentication Bypass by Spoofing

This attack-focused weakness is caused by incorrectly implemented authentication schemes that are subject to spoofing attacks.

CVE-2026-35656 (GCVE-0-2026-35656)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-10 16:03 – Updated: 2026-06-23 16:16 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
OpenClaw < 2026.3.22 - XFF Loopback Spoofing Bypass in Canvas Authentication and Rate Limiter
Summary
OpenClaw before 2026.3.22 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability in the X-Forwarded-For header processing when trustedProxies is configured, allowing attackers to spoof loopback hops. Remote attackers can inject forged forwarding headers to bypass canvas authentication and rate-limiting protections by masquerading as loopback clients.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-290 - Authentication Bypass by Spoofing
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenClaw OpenClaw Affected: 0 , < 2026.3.22 (semver)
Unaffected: 2026.3.22 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-03-24 00:00
Credits
lintsinghua
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-3902 (GCVE-0-2026-3902)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-07 14:22 – Updated: 2026-04-07 16:14
VLAI
Title
ASGI header spoofing via underscore/hyphen conflation
Summary
An issue was discovered in 6.0 before 6.0.4, 5.2 before 5.2.13, and 4.2 before 4.2.30. `ASGIRequest` allows a remote attacker to spoof headers by exploiting an ambiguous mapping of two header variants (with hyphens or with underscores) to a single version with underscores. Earlier, unsupported Django series (such as 5.0.x, 4.1.x, and 3.2.x) were not evaluated and may also be affected. Django would like to thank Tarek Nakkouch for reporting this issue.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-290 - Authentication Bypass by Spoofing
Assigner
DSF
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
djangoproject Django Affected: 6.0 , < 6.0.4 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.0.4 (semver)
Affected: 5.2 , < 5.2.13 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.2.13 (semver)
Affected: 4.2 , < 4.2.30 (semver)
Unaffected: 4.2.30 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-04-07 09:00
Credits
Tarek Nakkouch Jacob Walls Jacob Walls
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-39309 (GCVE-0-2026-39309)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-19 23:54 – Updated: 2026-05-20 15:45
VLAI
Title
Trilium Notes: macOS TCC Bypass via Prompt Spoofing
Summary
Trilium Notes is a cross-platform, hierarchical note taking application focused on building large personal knowledge bases. In versions 0.102.1 and prior, the Electron configuration is vulnerable to TCC Bypass via Prompt Spoofing, allowing local attackers to trigger misleading macOS permission prompts by running malicious code under the identity of the trusted app. The root cause is that the RunAsNode fuse allows launching the app in a special Node.js mode using -e to execute arbitrary system commands with Trilium Notes's permissions and identity. An attacker can leverage this through a subprocess to request any sensitive permissions, such as access to hardware (camera, microphone) and TCC-protected files, causing the TCC system prompt to appear as if the request came from Trilium rather than the attacker's code, because macOS treats the subprocess as part of the parent application. Exploitation allows access to TCC-protected resources like the screen, camera, microphone, and folders such as ~/Documents and ~/Downloads, undermining macOS's security model and UI integrity through social engineering. This issue has been fixed in version 0.102.2.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-451 - User Interface (UI) Misrepresentation of Critical Information
  • CWE-290 - Authentication Bypass by Spoofing
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
TriliumNext Trilium Affected: < 0.102.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-39411 (GCVE-0-2026-39411)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-08 19:37 – Updated: 2026-04-08 20:15
VLAI
Title
LobeHub has an unauthenticated authentication bypass on `webapi` routes via forgeable `X-lobe-chat-auth` header
Summary
LobeHub is a work-and-lifestyle space to find, build, and collaborate with agent teammates that grow with you. Prior to 2.1.48, the webapi authentication layer trusts a client-controlled X-lobe-chat-auth header that is only XOR-obfuscated, not signed or otherwise authenticated. Because the XOR key is hardcoded in the repository, an attacker can forge arbitrary auth payloads and bypass authentication on protected webapi routes. Affected routes include /webapi/chat/[provider], /webapi/models/[provider], /webapi/models/[provider]/pull, and /webapi/create-image/comfyui. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.1.48.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
  • CWE-290 - Authentication Bypass by Spoofing
  • CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
lobehub lobehub Affected: < 2.1.48
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-39419 (GCVE-0-2026-39419)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-14 01:03 – Updated: 2026-04-14 13:28
VLAI
Title
MaxKB: Sandbox Result Validation Bypass via Tool Output Spoofing
Summary
MaxKB is an open-source AI assistant for enterprise. In versions 2.7.1 and below, an authenticated user can bypass sandbox result validation and spoof tool execution results by exploiting Python frame introspection to read the wrapper's UUID from its bytecode constants, then writing a forged result directly to file descriptor 1 (bypassing stdout redirection). By calling sys.exit(0), the attacker terminates the wrapper before it prints the legitimate output, causing the MaxKB service to parse and trust the spoofed response as the genuine tool result. This issue has been fixed in version 2.8.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-74 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
  • CWE-290 - Authentication Bypass by Spoofing
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
1Panel-dev MaxKB Affected: < 2.8.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-39858 (GCVE-0-2026-39858)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-30 20:26 – Updated: 2026-06-30 12:09
VLAI
Title
Traefik: Forwarded alias spoofing top pre-auth decision bypass
Summary
Traefik is an HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer. Prior to versions 2.11.43, 3.6.14, and 3.7.0-rc.2, there is a high severity authentication bypass vulnerability in Traefik's ForwardAuth and snippet-based authentication middleware. Traefik's forwarded-header sanitization logic targets only canonical header names (e.g., X-Forwarded-Proto) and does not strip or normalize alias variants that use underscores instead of dashes (e.g., X_Forwarded_Proto). These unsanitized alias headers are forwarded intact to the authentication backend. When the backend normalizes underscore and dash header forms equivalently, an attacker can inject spoofed trust context — such as a trusted scheme or host — through the alias headers and bypass authentication on protected routes without valid credentials. This issue has been patched in versions 2.11.43, 3.6.14, and 3.7.0-rc.2.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-290 - Authentication Bypass by Spoofing
  • CWE-306 - Missing Authentication for Critical Function
  • CWE-289 - Authentication Bypass by Alternate Name
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
traefik traefik Affected: < 2.11.43
Affected: >= 3.0.0-beta1, < 3.6.14
Affected: >= 3.7.0-ea.1, < 3.7.0-rc.2
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces 3.28     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_devspaces:3.28::el9
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-39959 (GCVE-0-2026-39959)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-09 16:29 – Updated: 2026-04-09 19:32
VLAI
Title
Tmds.DBus: malicious D-Bus peers can spoof signals, exhaust file descriptor resources, and cause denial of service
Summary
Tmds.DBus provides .NET libraries for working with D-Bus from .NET. Tmds.DBus and Tmds.DBus.Protocol are vulnerable to malicious D-Bus peers. A peer on the same bus can spoof signals by impersonating the owner of a well-known name, exhaust system resources or cause file descriptor spillover by sending messages with an excessive number of Unix file descriptors, and crash the application by sending malformed message bodies that cause unhandled exceptions on the SynchronizationContext. This vulnerability is fixed in Tmds.DBus 0.92.0 and Tmds.DBus.Protocol 0.92.0 and 0.21.3.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
  • CWE-290 - Authentication Bypass by Spoofing
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
tmds Tmds.DBus Affected: < 0.92.0
Create a notification for this product.
tmds Tmds.DBus.Protocol Affected: < 0.21.3
Affected: >= 0.22.0, < 0.92.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-39999 (GCVE-0-2026-39999)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-19 13:07 – Updated: 2026-06-22 16:17
VLAI
Title
Apache APISIX: JWT Algorithm Confusion allows authentication bypass
Summary
Authentication Bypass by Spoofing vulnerability in Apache APISIX. The attacker can completely bypass authentication capitalising on certain configurations of jwt-auth plugin. This issue affects Apache APISIX: from v2.2 through v3.16.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version v3.17.0, which fixes the issue.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-290 - Authentication Bypass by Spoofing
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apache Software Foundation Apache APISIX Affected: 2.2 , ≤ 3.16.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Marco Capuano
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-40460 (GCVE-0-2026-40460)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 14:12 – Updated: 2026-05-13 16:06
VLAI
Title
NGINX ngx_quic_module vulnerability
Summary
When NGINX Plus or NGINX Open Source are configured to use the HTTP/3 QUIC module, an attacker may be able to spoof their source IP address allowing for bypass of authorization or bypass of rate limiting.  Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-290 - Authentication Bypass by Spoofing
Assigner
f5
References
URL Tags
https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K000161068 vendor-advisorypatch
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
F5 NGINX Plus Unaffected: R37 , < * (custom)
Affected: R36 , < R36 P4 (custom)
Affected: R32 , < R32 P6 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
F5 NGINX Open Source Unaffected: 1.31.0 , < * (semver)
Affected: 1.26.0 , < 1.30.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-05-13 14:00
Credits
F5 acknowledges Rodrigo Laneth of Miralium Research for bringing this issue to our attention and following the highest standards of coordinated disclosure.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-40575 (GCVE-0-2026-40575)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-21 23:20 – Updated: 2026-06-30 12:08
VLAI
Title
OAuth2 Proxy has an Authentication Bypass via X-Forwarded-Uri Header Spoofing
Summary
OAuth2 Proxy is a reverse proxy that provides authentication using OAuth2 providers. Versions 7.5.0 through 7.15.1 may trust a client-supplied `X-Forwarded-Uri` header when `--reverse-proxy` is enabled and `--skip-auth-regex` or `--skip-auth-route` is configured. An attacker can spoof this header so OAuth2 Proxy evaluates authentication and skip-auth rules against a different path than the one actually sent to the upstream application. This can result in an unauthenticated remote attacker bypassing authentication and accessing protected routes without a valid session. Impacted users are deployments that run oauth2-proxy with `--reverse-proxy` enabled and configure at least one `--skip-auth-regex` or `--skip-auth-route` rule. This issue is patched in `v7.15.2`. Some workarounds are available for those who cannot upgrade immediately. Strip any client-provided `X-Forwarded-Uri` header at the reverse proxy or load balancer level; explicitly overwrite `X-Forwarded-Uri` with the actual request URI before forwarding requests to OAuth2 Proxy; restrict direct client access to OAuth2 Proxy so it can only be reached through a trusted reverse proxy; and/or remove or narrow `--skip-auth-regex` / `--skip-auth-route` rules where possible. For nginx-based deployments, ensure `X-Forwarded-Uri` is set by nginx and not passed through from the client.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-290 - Authentication Bypass by Spoofing
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
oauth2-proxy oauth2-proxy Affected: >= 7.5.0, < 7.15.2
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Ceph Storage 9     cpe:/a:redhat:ceph_storage:9
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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              "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
              "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
              "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
              "scope": "CHANGED",
              "userInteraction": "NONE",
              "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
              "version": "3.1"
            },
            "format": "CVSS"
          }
        ],
        "problemTypes": [
          {
            "descriptions": [
              {
                "cweId": "CWE-290",
                "description": "Authentication Bypass by Spoofing",
                "lang": "en",
                "type": "CWE"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-06-30T12:08:55.431Z",
          "orgId": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
          "shortName": "redhat-SADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "vdb-entry",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-40575"
          },
          {
            "name": "RHBZ#2460449",
            "tags": [
              "issue-tracking",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2460449"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_sadp-csaf-vex"
            ],
            "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-40575.json"
          }
        ],
        "timeline": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "time": "2026-04-22T00:01:48.616Z",
            "value": "Reported to Red Hat."
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "time": "2026-04-21T23:20:30.486Z",
            "value": "Made public."
          }
        ],
        "title": "oauth2-proxy: github.com/oauth2-proxy/oauth2-proxy: OAuth2 Proxy: Authentication bypass due to spoofed X-Forwarded-Uri header",
        "workarounds": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "This issue can be mitigated by one of the options bellow:\n\n1) Strip any client-provided `X-Forwarded-Uri` header at any layer before it reaches `oauth2-proxy`;\n2) Overwrite the `X-Forwarded-Uri` header with the actual request URI before the request reaches `oauth2-proxy`. If you are using NGINX you can use the following example to create your tailored mitigation:\n\n~~~\n  location /internal-auth/ {\n    internal; # Ensure external users can\u0027t access this path\n\n    # Make sure the OAuth2 Proxy knows where the original request came from.\n    proxy_set_header Host       $host;\n    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP  $remote_addr;\n    # set the value to the actual $request_uri and therefore strip any user provided X-Forwarded-Uri\n    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Uri $request_uri;\n\n    proxy_pass http://oauth2-proxy:4180/;\n  }\n~~~\n\n\n3) Restrict direct client access to OAuth2 Proxy so it can only be reached through a trusted reverse proxy;\n4) Remove or narrow --skip-auth-route / --skip-auth-regex rules where possible;"
          }
        ],
        "x_adpType": "supplier",
        "x_generator": {
          "engine": "sadp-cli 1.0.0"
        }
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "oauth2-proxy",
          "vendor": "oauth2-proxy",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 7.5.0, \u003c 7.15.2"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "OAuth2 Proxy is a reverse proxy that provides authentication using OAuth2 providers. Versions 7.5.0 through 7.15.1 may trust a client-supplied `X-Forwarded-Uri` header when `--reverse-proxy` is enabled and `--skip-auth-regex` or `--skip-auth-route` is configured. An attacker can spoof this header so OAuth2 Proxy evaluates authentication and skip-auth rules against a different path than the one actually sent to the upstream application. This can result in an unauthenticated remote attacker bypassing authentication and accessing protected routes without a valid session. Impacted users are deployments that run oauth2-proxy with `--reverse-proxy` enabled and configure at least one `--skip-auth-regex` or `--skip-auth-route` rule. This issue is patched in `v7.15.2`. Some workarounds are available for those who cannot upgrade immediately. Strip any client-provided `X-Forwarded-Uri` header at the reverse proxy or load balancer level; explicitly overwrite `X-Forwarded-Uri` with the actual request URI before forwarding requests to OAuth2 Proxy; restrict direct client access to OAuth2 Proxy so it can only be reached through a trusted reverse proxy; and/or remove or narrow `--skip-auth-regex` / `--skip-auth-route` rules where possible. For nginx-based deployments, ensure `X-Forwarded-Uri` is set by nginx and not passed through from the client."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 9.1,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-290",
              "description": "CWE-290: Authentication Bypass by Spoofing",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-04-21T23:20:30.486Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/oauth2-proxy/oauth2-proxy/security/advisories/GHSA-7x63-xv5r-3p2x",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/oauth2-proxy/oauth2-proxy/security/advisories/GHSA-7x63-xv5r-3p2x"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-7x63-xv5r-3p2x",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "OAuth2 Proxy has an Authentication Bypass via X-Forwarded-Uri Header Spoofing"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-40575",
    "datePublished": "2026-04-21T23:20:30.486Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-04-14T13:24:29.475Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-06-30T12:08:55.431Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

No mitigation information available for this CWE.

CAPEC-21: Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers

An adversary guesses, obtains, or "rides" a trusted identifier (e.g. session ID, resource ID, cookie, etc.) to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-459: Creating a Rogue Certification Authority Certificate

An adversary exploits a weakness resulting from using a hashing algorithm with weak collision resistance to generate certificate signing requests (CSR) that contain collision blocks in their "to be signed" parts. The adversary submits one CSR to be signed by a trusted certificate authority then uses the signed blob to make a second certificate appear signed by said certificate authority. Due to the hash collision, both certificates, though different, hash to the same value and so the signed blob works just as well in the second certificate. The net effect is that the adversary's second X.509 certificate, which the Certification Authority has never seen, is now signed and validated by that Certification Authority.

CAPEC-461: Web Services API Signature Forgery Leveraging Hash Function Extension Weakness

An adversary utilizes a hash function extension/padding weakness, to modify the parameters passed to the web service requesting authentication by generating their own call in order to generate a legitimate signature hash (as described in the notes), without knowledge of the secret token sometimes provided by the web service.

CAPEC-473: Signature Spoof

An attacker generates a message or datablock that causes the recipient to believe that the message or datablock was generated and cryptographically signed by an authoritative or reputable source, misleading a victim or victim operating system into performing malicious actions.

CAPEC-476: Signature Spoofing by Misrepresentation

An attacker exploits a weakness in the parsing or display code of the recipient software to generate a data blob containing a supposedly valid signature, but the signer's identity is falsely represented, which can lead to the attacker manipulating the recipient software or its victim user to perform compromising actions.

CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction

This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.

CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)

This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.

CAPEC-667: Bluetooth Impersonation AttackS (BIAS)

An adversary disguises the MAC address of their Bluetooth enabled device to one for which there exists an active and trusted connection and authenticates successfully. The adversary can then perform malicious actions on the target Bluetooth device depending on the target’s capabilities.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.

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