Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-201

Allowed

Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The code transmits data to another actor, but a portion of the data includes sensitive information that should not be accessible to that actor.

741 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-M32F-FJW2-37V3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-15 17:23 – Updated: 2025-05-15 17:23
VLAI
Summary
Bullfrog's DNS over TCP bypasses domain filtering
Details

Summary

Using tcp breaks blocking and allows DNS exfiltration.

PoC

name: test
on:
  push:
    branches:
      - "*"

jobs:
  testBullFrog:
    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
    steps:
      - name: Use google dns
        run: |
          sudo resolvectl dns eth0 1.1.1.1
          resolvectl status
      - name: Set up bullfrog to block everything
        uses: bullfrogsec/bullfrog@1472c28724ef13ea0adc54d0a42c2853d42786b1 # v0.8.2
        with:
           egress-policy: block
           allowed-domains: |
             *.github.com
      - name: Test connectivity
        run: |
          echo testing udp allowed ..
          dig api.github.com @1.1.1.1 || :
          echo testing tcp allowed ..
          dig api.github.com @1.1.1.1 +tcp || :

          echo testing udp not allowed
          dig api.google.com @1.1.1.1 || :
          echo testing tcp not allowed
          dig api.google.com @1.1.1.1 +tcp || :

Impact

sandbox bypass

image

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "GitHub Actions",
        "name": "bullfrogsec/bullfrog"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.8.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-47775"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-201"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-05-15T17:23:04Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-14T16:15:28Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nUsing tcp breaks blocking and allows DNS exfiltration. \n\n### PoC\n\n```\nname: test\non:\n  push:\n    branches:\n      - \"*\"\n\njobs:\n  testBullFrog:\n    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04\n    steps:\n      - name: Use google dns\n        run: |\n          sudo resolvectl dns eth0 1.1.1.1\n          resolvectl status\n      - name: Set up bullfrog to block everything\n        uses: bullfrogsec/bullfrog@1472c28724ef13ea0adc54d0a42c2853d42786b1 # v0.8.2\n        with:\n           egress-policy: block\n           allowed-domains: |\n             *.github.com\n      - name: Test connectivity\n        run: |\n          echo testing udp allowed ..\n          dig api.github.com @1.1.1.1 || :\n          echo testing tcp allowed ..\n          dig api.github.com @1.1.1.1 +tcp || :\n\n          echo testing udp not allowed\n          dig api.google.com @1.1.1.1 || :\n          echo testing tcp not allowed\n          dig api.google.com @1.1.1.1 +tcp || :\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nsandbox bypass\n\n![image](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/fba18a17-2d49-48cd-9aae-713e95b5270d)",
  "id": "GHSA-m32f-fjw2-37v3",
  "modified": "2025-05-15T17:23:04Z",
  "published": "2025-05-15T17:23:04Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bullfrogsec/bullfrog/security/advisories/GHSA-m32f-fjw2-37v3"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47775"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bullfrogsec/bullfrog/commit/ae7744ae4b3a6f8ffc2e49f501e30bf1a43d4671"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/bullfrogsec/bullfrog"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bullfrogsec/bullfrog/releases/tag/v0.8.4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Bullfrog\u0027s DNS over TCP bypasses domain filtering"
}

GHSA-M3XJ-4CFW-FWR5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-14 21:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:35
VLAI
Details

Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Steve Burge TaxoPress allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data. This issue affects TaxoPress: from n/a through 3.37.2.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-55710"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-201"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-14T19:15:43Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Steve Burge TaxoPress allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data. This issue affects TaxoPress: from n/a through 3.37.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-m3xj-4cfw-fwr5",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:35:53Z",
  "published": "2025-08-14T21:31:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-55710"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/simple-tags/vulnerability/wordpress-taxopress-plugin-plugin-3-37-2-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-M6G9-3CM9-77MH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-05 06:30 – Updated: 2026-03-06 21:30
VLAI
Details

Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Premio Chaty chaty allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects Chaty: from n/a through <= 3.5.1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-27370"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-201"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-05T06:16:26Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Premio Chaty chaty allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects Chaty: from n/a through \u003c= 3.5.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-m6g9-3cm9-77mh",
  "modified": "2026-03-06T21:30:35Z",
  "published": "2026-03-05T06:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27370"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/chaty/vulnerability/wordpress-chaty-plugin-3-5-1-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-M9WG-62R3-4H9P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-30 12:30 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:32
VLAI
Details

Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Renzo Johnson Contact Form 7 Extension For Mailchimp contact-form-7-mailchimp-extension allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects Contact Form 7 Extension For Mailchimp: from n/a through <= 0.9.49.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-68989"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-201"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-30T11:15:57Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Renzo Johnson Contact Form 7 Extension For Mailchimp contact-form-7-mailchimp-extension allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects Contact Form 7 Extension For Mailchimp: from n/a through \u003c= 0.9.49.",
  "id": "GHSA-m9wg-62r3-4h9p",
  "modified": "2026-01-20T15:32:43Z",
  "published": "2025-12-30T12:30:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68989"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/contact-form-7-mailchimp-extension/vulnerability/wordpress-contact-form-7-extension-for-mailchimp-plugin-0-9-49-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/contact-form-7-mailchimp-extension/vulnerability/wordpress-contact-form-7-extension-for-mailchimp-plugin-0-9-49-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MC3M-JXJ9-PP7C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-31 06:30 – Updated: 2024-07-31 06:30
VLAI
Details

When the device is shared, the homepage module are before 2.19.0  in eWeLink Cloud Service allows Secondary user to take over devices as primary user via sharing unnecessary device-sensitive information.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-7205"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-201"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-07-31T06:15:05Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "When the device is shared,\u00a0the homepage module are before 2.19.0 \u00a0in eWeLink Cloud Service\u00a0allows Secondary user to take over devices as primary user via sharing unnecessary device-sensitive information.",
  "id": "GHSA-mc3m-jxj9-pp7c",
  "modified": "2024-07-31T06:30:35Z",
  "published": "2024-07-31T06:30:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7205"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://ewelink.cc/security-advisory-240730"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:P/AU:N/R:U/V:D/RE:L/U:Green",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MFCP-RJV7-385M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-15 09:30 – Updated: 2025-11-15 09:30
VLAI
Details

An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 17.6 before 18.3.6, 18.4 before 18.4.4, and 18.5 before 18.5.2, that, under specific conditions, could have allowed unauthorized users to view confidential branch names by accessing project issues with related merge requests.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-7000"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-201"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-15T08:15:46Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions  from 17.6  before 18.3.6, 18.4 before 18.4.4, and 18.5 before 18.5.2, that, under specific conditions, could have allowed unauthorized users to view confidential branch names by accessing project issues with related merge requests.",
  "id": "GHSA-mfcp-rjv7-385m",
  "modified": "2025-11-15T09:30:25Z",
  "published": "2025-11-15T09:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7000"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/3214025"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/11/12/patch-release-gitlab-18-5-2-released"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/553129"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MHH4-4RGH-X32M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-03 03:31 – Updated: 2026-08-03 21:31
VLAI
Details

In TFA, there is a possible information disclosure due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure if a malicious actor has already obtained the System privilege. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS11053160; Issue ID: MSV-8004.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-20484"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-201"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-03T03:16:43Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In TFA, there is a possible information disclosure due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure if a malicious actor has already obtained the System privilege. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS11053160; Issue ID: MSV-8004.",
  "id": "GHSA-mhh4-4rgh-x32m",
  "modified": "2026-08-03T21:31:33Z",
  "published": "2026-08-03T03:31:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20484"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/August-2026"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MJRX-74JH-7XGW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-01 15:30 – Updated: 2026-08-04 12:55
VLAI
Summary
Duplicate Advisory: Guzzle: Host-only cookie scope is not preserved
Details

Duplicate Advisory

This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-wm3w-8rrp-j577. This link is maintained to preserve external references.

Original Description

guzzlehttp/guzzle versions before 7.15.1 fail to preserve host-only cookie scope, storing the request host in the Domain field instead of marking cookies as host-only. Attackers controlling child hosts can receive host-only cookies intended only for parent hosts, potentially disclosing session identifiers and authorization tokens when the same cookie jar is reused across trust boundaries.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 7.15.1"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "guzzlehttp/guzzle"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-201"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-08-04T12:55:12Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-01T13:17:06Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Duplicate Advisory\n\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of\u00a0GHSA-wm3w-8rrp-j577. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\nguzzlehttp/guzzle versions before 7.15.1 fail to preserve host-only cookie scope, storing the request host in the Domain field instead of marking cookies as host-only. Attackers controlling child hosts can receive host-only cookies intended only for parent hosts, potentially disclosing session identifiers and authorization tokens when the same cookie jar is reused across trust boundaries.",
  "id": "GHSA-mjrx-74jh-7xgw",
  "modified": "2026-08-04T12:55:13Z",
  "published": "2026-08-01T15:30:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/guzzle/guzzle/security/advisories/GHSA-wm3w-8rrp-j577"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-67355"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/guzzlehttp-guzzle-before-host-only-cookie-scope"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Duplicate Advisory: Guzzle: Host-only cookie scope is not preserved",
  "withdrawn": "2026-08-04T12:55:12Z"
}

GHSA-MMCR-65XH-V595

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-09 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:32
VLAI
Details

Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in WP Messiah WP AI CoPilot ai-co-pilot-for-wp allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects WP AI CoPilot: from n/a through <= 1.2.7.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-62994"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-201"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-09T16:18:04Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in WP Messiah WP AI CoPilot ai-co-pilot-for-wp allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects WP AI CoPilot: from n/a through \u003c= 1.2.7.",
  "id": "GHSA-mmcr-65xh-v595",
  "modified": "2026-01-20T15:32:02Z",
  "published": "2025-12-09T18:30:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62994"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/ai-co-pilot-for-wp/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-ai-copilot-plugin-1-2-7-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability-2?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/ai-co-pilot-for-wp/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-ai-copilot-plugin-1-2-7-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability-2?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MP7G-3R25-FQ9V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-01 12:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:21
VLAI
Details

An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions starting from 11.8 before 16.1.5, all versions starting from 16.2 before 16.2.5, all versions starting from 16.3 before 16.3.1. A malicious Maintainer can, under specific circumstances, leak the sentry token by changing the configured URL in the Sentry error tracking settings page. This was as a result of an incomplete fix for CVE-2022-4365.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-4378"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-200",
      "CWE-201"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-09-01T11:15:43Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions starting from 11.8 before 16.1.5, all versions starting from 16.2 before 16.2.5, all versions starting from 16.3 before 16.3.1. A malicious Maintainer can, under specific circumstances, leak the sentry token by changing the configured URL in the Sentry error tracking settings page. This was as a result of an incomplete fix for CVE-2022-4365.",
  "id": "GHSA-mp7g-3r25-fq9v",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T07:21:31Z",
  "published": "2023-09-01T12:30:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4378"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/2104591"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/422134"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Requirements

Specify which data in the software should be regarded as sensitive. Consider which types of users should have access to which types of data.

Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that any possibly sensitive data specified in the requirements is verified with designers to ensure that it is either a calculated risk or mitigated elsewhere. Any information that is not necessary to the functionality should be removed in order to lower both the overhead and the possibility of security sensitive data being sent.

Mitigation
System Configuration

Setup default error messages so that unexpected errors do not disclose sensitive information.

Mitigation MIT-46
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Separation of Privilege

  • Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
  • Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-12: Choosing Message Identifier

This pattern of attack is defined by the selection of messages distributed via multicast or public information channels that are intended for another client by determining the parameter value assigned to that client. This attack allows the adversary to gain access to potentially privileged information, and to possibly perpetrate other attacks through the distribution means by impersonation. If the channel/message being manipulated is an input rather than output mechanism for the system, (such as a command bus), this style of attack could be used to change the adversary's identifier to more a privileged one.

CAPEC-217: Exploiting Incorrectly Configured SSL/TLS

An adversary takes advantage of incorrectly configured SSL/TLS communications that enables access to data intended to be encrypted. The adversary may also use this type of attack to inject commands or other traffic into the encrypted stream to cause compromise of either the client or server.

CAPEC-612: WiFi MAC Address Tracking

In this attack scenario, the attacker passively listens for WiFi messages and logs the associated Media Access Control (MAC) addresses. These addresses are intended to be unique to each wireless device (although they can be configured and changed by software). Once the attacker is able to associate a MAC address with a particular user or set of users (for example, when attending a public event), the attacker can then scan for that MAC address to track that user in the future.

CAPEC-613: WiFi SSID Tracking

In this attack scenario, the attacker passively listens for WiFi management frame messages containing the Service Set Identifier (SSID) for the WiFi network. These messages are frequently transmitted by WiFi access points (e.g., the retransmission device) as well as by clients that are accessing the network (e.g., the handset/mobile device). Once the attacker is able to associate an SSID with a particular user or set of users (for example, when attending a public event), the attacker can then scan for this SSID to track that user in the future.

CAPEC-618: Cellular Broadcast Message Request

In this attack scenario, the attacker uses knowledge of the target’s mobile phone number (i.e., the number associated with the SIM used in the retransmission device) to cause the cellular network to send broadcast messages to alert the mobile device. Since the network knows which cell tower the target’s mobile device is attached to, the broadcast messages are only sent in the Location Area Code (LAC) where the target is currently located. By triggering the cellular broadcast message and then listening for the presence or absence of that message, an attacker could verify that the target is in (or not in) a given location.

CAPEC-619: Signal Strength Tracking

In this attack scenario, the attacker passively monitors the signal strength of the target’s cellular RF signal or WiFi RF signal and uses the strength of the signal (with directional antennas and/or from multiple listening points at once) to identify the source location of the signal. Obtaining the signal of the target can be accomplished through multiple techniques such as through Cellular Broadcast Message Request or through the use of IMSI Tracking or WiFi MAC Address Tracking.

CAPEC-621: Analysis of Packet Timing and Sizes

An attacker may intercept and log encrypted transmissions for the purpose of analyzing metadata such as packet timing and sizes. Although the actual data may be encrypted, this metadata may reveal valuable information to an attacker. Note that this attack is applicable to VOIP data as well as application data, especially for interactive apps that require precise timing and low-latency (e.g. thin-clients).

CAPEC-622: Electromagnetic Side-Channel Attack

In this attack scenario, the attacker passively monitors electromagnetic emanations that are produced by the targeted electronic device as an unintentional side-effect of its processing. From these emanations, the attacker derives information about the data that is being processed (e.g. the attacker can recover cryptographic keys by monitoring emanations associated with cryptographic processing). This style of attack requires proximal access to the device, however attacks have been demonstrated at public conferences that work at distances of up to 10-15 feet. There have not been any significant studies to determine the maximum practical distance for such attacks. Since the attack is passive, it is nearly impossible to detect and the targeted device will continue to operate as normal after a successful attack.

CAPEC-623: Compromising Emanations Attack

Compromising Emanations (CE) are defined as unintentional signals which an attacker may intercept and analyze to disclose the information processed by the targeted equipment. Commercial mobile devices and retransmission devices have displays, buttons, microchips, and radios that emit mechanical emissions in the form of sound or vibrations. Capturing these emissions can help an adversary understand what the device is doing.