CWE-201
AllowedInsertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The code transmits data to another actor, but a portion of the data includes sensitive information that should not be accessible to that actor.
673 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-QV48-H28R-V6RP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-29 06:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:31Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in Tainacan.Org Tainacan.This issue affects Tainacan: from n/a through 0.20.6.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-1435"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-29T05:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in Tainacan.Org Tainacan.This issue affects Tainacan: from n/a through 0.20.6.",
"id": "GHSA-qv48-h28r-v6rp",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:31:41Z",
"published": "2024-02-29T06:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-1435"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/tainacan/vulnerability/wordpress-tainacan-plugin-0-20-6-sensitive-data-exposure-via-log-file-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/tainacan/wordpress-tainacan-plugin-0-20-6-sensitive-data-exposure-via-log-file-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QWJ8-QGPR-8CRM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-08 06:30 – Updated: 2024-10-02 18:39In Liferay Portal 7.2.0 through 7.4.1, and older unsupported versions, and Liferay DXP 7.3 before service pack 3, 7.2 before fix pack 15, and older unsupported versions the doAsUserId URL parameter may get leaked when creating linked content using the WYSIWYG editor and while impersonating a user. This may allow remote authenticated users to impersonate a user after accessing the linked content.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:release.portal.bom"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:release.dxp.bom"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.2.10.fp15"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:release.dxp.bom"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.3.10.u4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-25148"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-02-08T18:31:19Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-08T04:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Liferay Portal 7.2.0 through 7.4.1, and older unsupported versions, and Liferay DXP 7.3 before service pack 3, 7.2 before fix pack 15, and older unsupported versions the `doAsUserId` URL parameter may get leaked when creating linked content using the WYSIWYG editor and while impersonating a user. This may allow remote authenticated users to impersonate a user after accessing the linked content.",
"id": "GHSA-qwj8-qgpr-8crm",
"modified": "2024-10-02T18:39:02Z",
"published": "2024-02-08T06:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-25148"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/liferay/liferay-portal"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://liferay.dev/portal/security/known-vulnerabilities/-/asset_publisher/jekt/content/cve-2024-25148"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Liferay Portal vulnerable to user impersonation"
}
GHSA-QWJM-9C66-W4Q4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-18 18:35 – Updated: 2026-06-19 19:19In Eclipse Theia versions prior to 1.71.0, the AI chat rendered Markdown image tags from AI responses, triggering HTTP requests to arbitrary external URLs without restriction. Combined with prompt injection in a malicious workspace, an attacker could induce the AI agent to construct image URLs encoding sensitive information from the workspace or conversation context, exfiltrating it to attacker-controlled servers. The workspace trust enforcement introduced in v1.71.0 mitigates the documented attack chain by disabling AI features in untrusted workspaces.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@theia/ai-chat-ui"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.71.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@theia/ai-chat"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.71.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@theia/ai-claude-code"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.71.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@theia/ai-code-completion"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.71.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@theia/ai-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.71.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@theia/ai-editor"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.71.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@theia/ai-ide"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.71.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-22551"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-19T19:19:22Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-18T16:16:52Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In Eclipse Theia versions prior to 1.71.0, the AI chat rendered Markdown image tags from AI responses, triggering HTTP requests to arbitrary external URLs without restriction. Combined with prompt injection in a malicious workspace, an attacker could induce the AI agent to construct image URLs encoding sensitive information from the workspace or conversation context, exfiltrating it to attacker-controlled servers. The workspace trust enforcement introduced in v1.71.0 mitigates the documented attack chain by disabling AI features in untrusted workspaces.",
"id": "GHSA-qwjm-9c66-w4q4",
"modified": "2026-06-19T19:19:23Z",
"published": "2026-06-18T18:35:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22551"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/eclipse-theia/theia/issues/16892"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/eclipse-theia/theia/pull/17364"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/eclipse-theia/theia/commit/e3fdfe6992389bc5fa611058d00c39d7408508ed"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/eclipse-theia/theia"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.eclipse.org/security/cve-assignment/-/work_items/115"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "[Eclipse Theia] Data Exfiltration via Markdown Image Rendering in AI Chat"
}
GHSA-QWMP-5M8M-PJVF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-23 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:35Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in WPFunnels Mail Mint allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data. This issue affects Mail Mint: from n/a through 1.17.7.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-47541"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-23T13:15:39Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in WPFunnels Mail Mint allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data. This issue affects Mail Mint: from n/a through 1.17.7.",
"id": "GHSA-qwmp-5m8m-pjvf",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:35:15Z",
"published": "2025-05-23T15:31:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47541"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/mail-mint/vulnerability/wordpress-mail-mint-1-17-7-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QXHC-F89G-J37J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-26 18:33 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:31Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in Contest Gallery.This issue affects Contest Gallery: from n/a through 23.1.2.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-43283"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-26T16:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in Contest Gallery.This issue affects Contest Gallery: from n/a through 23.1.2.",
"id": "GHSA-qxhc-f89g-j37j",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:31:53Z",
"published": "2024-08-26T18:33:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-43283"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/contest-gallery/vulnerability/wordpress-contest-gallery-plugin-23-1-2-unauthenticated-comment-userid-and-ip-address-disclosure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/contest-gallery/wordpress-contest-gallery-plugin-23-1-2-unauthenticated-comment-userid-and-ip-address-disclosure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R5C3-3MF2-X8C7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-03 00:01 – Updated: 2024-03-27 15:30libcurl wrongly allows cookies to be set for Top Level Domains (TLDs) if thehost name is provided with a trailing dot.curl can be told to receive and send cookies. curl's "cookie engine" can bebuilt with or without Public Suffix Listawareness. If PSL support not provided, a more rudimentary check exists to atleast prevent cookies from being set on TLDs. This check was broken if thehost name in the URL uses a trailing dot.This can allow arbitrary sites to set cookies that then would get sent to adifferent and unrelated site or domain.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-27779"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201",
"CWE-668"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-02T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "libcurl wrongly allows cookies to be set for Top Level Domains (TLDs) if thehost name is provided with a trailing dot.curl can be told to receive and send cookies. curl\u0027s \"cookie engine\" can bebuilt with or without [Public Suffix List](https://publicsuffix.org/)awareness. If PSL support not provided, a more rudimentary check exists to atleast prevent cookies from being set on TLDs. This check was broken if thehost name in the URL uses a trailing dot.This can allow arbitrary sites to set cookies that then would get sent to adifferent and unrelated site or domain.",
"id": "GHSA-r5c3-3mf2-x8c7",
"modified": "2024-03-27T15:30:35Z",
"published": "2022-06-03T00:01:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-27779"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/1553301"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202212-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220609-0009"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R5M2-488X-GM75
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-09 12:30 – Updated: 2026-06-05 15:32Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Atlas Educational Software Industry Ltd. Co. K12net allows Communication Channel Manipulation.This issue affects k12net: through 09022026. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-7708"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-09T12:15:57Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Atlas Educational Software Industry Ltd. Co. K12net allows Communication Channel Manipulation.This issue affects k12net: through 09022026.\u00a0NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-r5m2-488x-gm75",
"modified": "2026-06-05T15:32:07Z",
"published": "2026-02-09T12:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7708"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimleri/detay/tr-26-0021"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-26-0021"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R5WR-5HHJ-7HJX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-25 18:31 – Updated: 2026-03-26 18:31Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Syed Balkhi Contact Form by WPForms wpforms-lite allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects Contact Form by WPForms: from n/a through <= 1.9.8.7.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-25339"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-25T17:16:44Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Syed Balkhi Contact Form by WPForms wpforms-lite allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects Contact Form by WPForms: from n/a through \u003c= 1.9.8.7.",
"id": "GHSA-r5wr-5hhj-7hjx",
"modified": "2026-03-26T18:31:33Z",
"published": "2026-03-25T18:31:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25339"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/wpforms-lite/vulnerability/wordpress-contact-form-by-wpforms-plugin-1-9-8-7-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R5XW-Q988-826M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-01 19:39 – Updated: 2023-12-07 22:05Versions of mongoose before 4.3.6, 3.8.39 are vulnerable to remote memory exposure.
Trying to save a number to a field of type Buffer on the affected mongoose versions allocates a chunk of uninitialized memory and stores it in the database.
Recommendation
Update to version 4.3.6, 3.8.39 or later.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.8.38"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "mongoose"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.5.5"
},
{
"fixed": "3.8.39"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.3.5"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "mongoose"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.3.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:29:22Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Versions of `mongoose` before 4.3.6, 3.8.39 are vulnerable to remote memory exposure.\n\nTrying to save a number to a field of type Buffer on the affected mongoose versions allocates a chunk of uninitialized memory and stores it in the database.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpdate to version 4.3.6, 3.8.39 or later.",
"id": "GHSA-r5xw-q988-826m",
"modified": "2023-12-07T22:05:28Z",
"published": "2020-09-01T19:39:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/3764"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/ChALkeR/440bc3dfcbd9b6da75c3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/ChALkeR/d4a8055625221b6e65f0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/599"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Remote Memory Exposure in mongoose"
}
GHSA-R797-7CHF-M2F5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-27 12:31 – Updated: 2026-05-27 12:31Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in ZAYTECH Smart Online Order for Clover clover-online-orders allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects Smart Online Order for Clover: from n/a through <= 1.6.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42746"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-27T11:16:21Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in ZAYTECH Smart Online Order for Clover clover-online-orders allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects Smart Online Order for Clover: from n/a through \u003c= 1.6.0.",
"id": "GHSA-r797-7chf-m2f5",
"modified": "2026-05-27T12:31:23Z",
"published": "2026-05-27T12:31:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42746"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/clover-online-orders/vulnerability/wordpress-smart-online-order-for-clover-plugin-1-6-0-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Specify which data in the software should be regarded as sensitive. Consider which types of users should have access to which types of data.
Mitigation
Ensure that any possibly sensitive data specified in the requirements is verified with designers to ensure that it is either a calculated risk or mitigated elsewhere. Any information that is not necessary to the functionality should be removed in order to lower both the overhead and the possibility of security sensitive data being sent.
Mitigation
Setup default error messages so that unexpected errors do not disclose sensitive information.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-12: Choosing Message Identifier
This pattern of attack is defined by the selection of messages distributed via multicast or public information channels that are intended for another client by determining the parameter value assigned to that client. This attack allows the adversary to gain access to potentially privileged information, and to possibly perpetrate other attacks through the distribution means by impersonation. If the channel/message being manipulated is an input rather than output mechanism for the system, (such as a command bus), this style of attack could be used to change the adversary's identifier to more a privileged one.
CAPEC-217: Exploiting Incorrectly Configured SSL/TLS
An adversary takes advantage of incorrectly configured SSL/TLS communications that enables access to data intended to be encrypted. The adversary may also use this type of attack to inject commands or other traffic into the encrypted stream to cause compromise of either the client or server.
CAPEC-612: WiFi MAC Address Tracking
In this attack scenario, the attacker passively listens for WiFi messages and logs the associated Media Access Control (MAC) addresses. These addresses are intended to be unique to each wireless device (although they can be configured and changed by software). Once the attacker is able to associate a MAC address with a particular user or set of users (for example, when attending a public event), the attacker can then scan for that MAC address to track that user in the future.
CAPEC-613: WiFi SSID Tracking
In this attack scenario, the attacker passively listens for WiFi management frame messages containing the Service Set Identifier (SSID) for the WiFi network. These messages are frequently transmitted by WiFi access points (e.g., the retransmission device) as well as by clients that are accessing the network (e.g., the handset/mobile device). Once the attacker is able to associate an SSID with a particular user or set of users (for example, when attending a public event), the attacker can then scan for this SSID to track that user in the future.
CAPEC-618: Cellular Broadcast Message Request
In this attack scenario, the attacker uses knowledge of the target’s mobile phone number (i.e., the number associated with the SIM used in the retransmission device) to cause the cellular network to send broadcast messages to alert the mobile device. Since the network knows which cell tower the target’s mobile device is attached to, the broadcast messages are only sent in the Location Area Code (LAC) where the target is currently located. By triggering the cellular broadcast message and then listening for the presence or absence of that message, an attacker could verify that the target is in (or not in) a given location.
CAPEC-619: Signal Strength Tracking
In this attack scenario, the attacker passively monitors the signal strength of the target’s cellular RF signal or WiFi RF signal and uses the strength of the signal (with directional antennas and/or from multiple listening points at once) to identify the source location of the signal. Obtaining the signal of the target can be accomplished through multiple techniques such as through Cellular Broadcast Message Request or through the use of IMSI Tracking or WiFi MAC Address Tracking.
CAPEC-621: Analysis of Packet Timing and Sizes
An attacker may intercept and log encrypted transmissions for the purpose of analyzing metadata such as packet timing and sizes. Although the actual data may be encrypted, this metadata may reveal valuable information to an attacker. Note that this attack is applicable to VOIP data as well as application data, especially for interactive apps that require precise timing and low-latency (e.g. thin-clients).
CAPEC-622: Electromagnetic Side-Channel Attack
In this attack scenario, the attacker passively monitors electromagnetic emanations that are produced by the targeted electronic device as an unintentional side-effect of its processing. From these emanations, the attacker derives information about the data that is being processed (e.g. the attacker can recover cryptographic keys by monitoring emanations associated with cryptographic processing). This style of attack requires proximal access to the device, however attacks have been demonstrated at public conferences that work at distances of up to 10-15 feet. There have not been any significant studies to determine the maximum practical distance for such attacks. Since the attack is passive, it is nearly impossible to detect and the targeted device will continue to operate as normal after a successful attack.
CAPEC-623: Compromising Emanations Attack
Compromising Emanations (CE) are defined as unintentional signals which an attacker may intercept and analyze to disclose the information processed by the targeted equipment. Commercial mobile devices and retransmission devices have displays, buttons, microchips, and radios that emit mechanical emissions in the form of sound or vibrations. Capturing these emissions can help an adversary understand what the device is doing.