CWE-116
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.
635 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-W62V-XXXG-MG59
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-21 18:33 – Updated: 2026-07-21 18:33Summary
cx() in hono/css composes class names from plain strings but marks the result as already-escaped without HTML-escaping the input. When the result is used as a JSX class attribute during server-side rendering, the value is written into the attribute unescaped, so untrusted input can break out of the class attribute and inject arbitrary markup, leading to Cross-Site Scripting (XSS).
Details
Because the composed value is treated as pre-escaped, the HTML attribute escaping normally applied to interpolated values is skipped, and characters such as " pass through unescaped — allowing a value to terminate the attribute and add further attributes or elements. This arises when an application passes untrusted, user-controlled input as a class name to cx(), for example when merging a base class with an externally provided className.
Impact
During server-side rendering, an attacker who controls a value passed to cx() can inject arbitrary HTML into the page, resulting in stored or reflected XSS in the victim's browser.
This may lead to:
- Execution of attacker-controlled script in the victim's browser session.
- Session hijacking, credential theft, or actions performed on behalf of the victim.
Applications are affected only if they render JSX server-side and pass untrusted input as a class name to cx().
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "hono"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.12.27"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-59895"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116",
"CWE-79"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-21T18:33:50Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-08T17:17:27Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\n`cx()` in `hono/css` composes class names from plain strings but marks the result as already-escaped without HTML-escaping the input. When the result is used as a JSX `class` attribute during server-side rendering, the value is written into the attribute unescaped, so untrusted input can break out of the `class` attribute and inject arbitrary markup, leading to Cross-Site Scripting (XSS).\n\n### Details\n\nBecause the composed value is treated as pre-escaped, the HTML attribute escaping normally applied to interpolated values is skipped, and characters such as `\"` pass through unescaped \u2014 allowing a value to terminate the attribute and add further attributes or elements. This arises when an application passes untrusted, user-controlled input as a class name to `cx()`, for example when merging a base class with an externally provided `className`.\n\n### Impact\n\nDuring server-side rendering, an attacker who controls a value passed to `cx()` can inject arbitrary HTML into the page, resulting in stored or reflected XSS in the victim\u0027s browser.\n\nThis may lead to:\n\n- Execution of attacker-controlled script in the victim\u0027s browser session.\n- Session hijacking, credential theft, or actions performed on behalf of the victim.\n\nApplications are affected only if they render JSX server-side and pass untrusted input as a class name to `cx()`.",
"id": "GHSA-w62v-xxxg-mg59",
"modified": "2026-07-21T18:33:50Z",
"published": "2026-07-21T18:33:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/honojs/hono/security/advisories/GHSA-w62v-xxxg-mg59"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-59895"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/honojs/hono/commit/cd3f6f7194f0e5c9d4b26ae0cf232018d0f388fc"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/honojs/hono"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/honojs/hono/releases/tag/v4.12.27"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Hono: Server-Side XSS via JSX Escaping Bypass in cx() Utility"
}
GHSA-W69G-QRMR-3CF2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-26 18:31 – Updated: 2026-01-28 21:31Shenzhen Tenda W30E V2 firmware versions up to and including V16.01.0.19(5037) fail to include the X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff response header on web management interfaces. As a result, browsers that perform MIME sniffing may incorrectly interpret attacker-influenced responses as executable script.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-24439"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-26T18:16:41Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Shenzhen Tenda W30E V2 firmware versions up to and including V16.01.0.19(5037) fail to include the X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff response header on web management interfaces. As a result, browsers that perform MIME sniffing may incorrectly interpret attacker-influenced responses as executable script.",
"id": "GHSA-w69g-qrmr-3cf2",
"modified": "2026-01-28T21:31:19Z",
"published": "2026-01-26T18:31:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24439"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tendacn.com/product/W30E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/tenda-w30e-v2-lacks-x-content-type-options-header"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-W6M2-RF66-Q93W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-15 03:30 – Updated: 2023-12-28 18:30lockss-daemon (aka Classic LOCKSS Daemon) before 1.77.3 performs post-Unicode normalization, which may allow bypass of intended access restrictions, such as when U+1FEF is converted to a backtick.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-42183"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-15T01:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "lockss-daemon (aka Classic LOCKSS Daemon) before 1.77.3 performs post-Unicode normalization, which may allow bypass of intended access restrictions, such as when U+1FEF is converted to a backtick.",
"id": "GHSA-w6m2-rf66-q93w",
"modified": "2023-12-28T18:30:32Z",
"published": "2023-12-15T03:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/lockss/lockss-daemon/security/advisories/GHSA-mgqj-hphf-9588"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-42183"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W757-XVVV-VGFW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-16 21:30 – Updated: 2026-07-16 21:30remorses/genql before version 6.3.4 allows an authenticated attacker with control of the GraphQL schema that is passed to genql to inject arbitrary JavaScript or TypeScript. The malicious code is injected into the generated schema.ts file and executes when the genql client is bundled and imported.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-63397"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-16T20:16:47Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "remorses/genql before version 6.3.4 allows an authenticated attacker with control of the GraphQL schema that is passed to genql to inject arbitrary JavaScript or TypeScript. The malicious code is injected into the generated schema.ts file and executes when the genql client is bundled and imported.",
"id": "GHSA-w757-xvvv-vgfw",
"modified": "2026-07-16T21:30:38Z",
"published": "2026-07-16T21:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-63397"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/remorses/genql"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/remorses/genql/releases/tag/%40genql%2Fcli%406.3.4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cisagov/CSAF/develop/csaf_files/IT/white/2026/va-26-197-01.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-63397"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-W7GF-RPQW-GX4F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:29 – Updated: 2022-06-29 00:00http.client in Python 3.x before 3.5.10, 3.6.x before 3.6.12, 3.7.x before 3.7.9, and 3.8.x before 3.8.5 allows CRLF injection if the attacker controls the HTTP request method, as demonstrated by inserting CR and LF control characters in the first argument of HTTPConnection.request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-26116"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116",
"CWE-74"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-09-27T04:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "http.client in Python 3.x before 3.5.10, 3.6.x before 3.6.12, 3.7.x before 3.7.9, and 3.8.x before 3.8.5 allows CRLF injection if the attacker controls the HTTP request method, as demonstrated by inserting CR and LF control characters in the first argument of HTTPConnection.request.",
"id": "GHSA-w7gf-rpqw-gx4f",
"modified": "2022-06-29T00:00:31Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:29:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-26116"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.python.org/issue39603"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/11/msg00032.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/05/msg00024.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/BW4GCLQISJCOEGQNIMVUZDQMIY6RR6CC"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/HDQ2THWU4GPV4Y5H5WW5PFMSWXL2CRFD"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JWMAVY4T4257AZHTF2RZJKNJNSJFY24O"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/OXI72HIHMXCQFWTULUXDG7VDA2BCYL4Y"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QOX7DGMMWWL6POCRYGAUCISOLR2IG3XV"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://python-security.readthedocs.io/vuln/http-header-injection-method.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202101-18"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20201023-0001"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4581-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-11/msg00027.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W7PV-HCJH-P9W4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-13 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:06An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions starting from 7.14 before 15.11.10, all versions starting from 16.0 before 16.0.6, all versions starting from 16.1 before 16.1.1, which allows an attacker to inject HTML in an email address field.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-2200"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116",
"CWE-79",
"CWE-99"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-13T03:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions starting from 7.14 before 15.11.10, all versions starting from 16.0 before 16.0.6, all versions starting from 16.1 before 16.1.1, which allows an attacker to inject HTML in an email address field.",
"id": "GHSA-w7pv-hcjh-p9w4",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:06:03Z",
"published": "2023-07-13T03:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2200"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/1935628"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/408281"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WH34-M772-5398
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-12 19:22 – Updated: 2024-12-16 18:08Impact
In getdocument.vm ; the ordering of the returned documents is defined from an unsanitized request parameter (request.sort) and can allow any user to inject HQL.
Depending on the used database backend, the attacker may be able to not only obtain confidential information such as password hashes from the database, but also execute UPDATE/INSERT/DELETE queries.
It's possible to employ database backend dependent techniques of breaking out of HQL query context, described, for example, here: https://www.sonarsource.com/blog/exploiting-hibernate-injections.
Patches
This has been patched in 13.10.5 and 14.3-rc-1.
Workarounds
There is no known workaround, other than upgrading XWiki.
References
https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-17568
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in Jira XWiki.org * Email us at Security Mailing List
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-distribution-war"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.3-milestone-2"
},
{
"fixed": "13.10.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-distribution-war"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "14.0-rc-1"
},
{
"fixed": "14.3-rc-1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-55663"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-12-12T19:22:12Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-12T19:15:13Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nIn `getdocument.vm` ; the ordering of the returned documents is defined from an unsanitized request parameter (request.sort) and can allow any user to inject HQL.\n\nDepending on the used database backend, the attacker may be able to not only obtain confidential information such as password hashes from the database, but also execute UPDATE/INSERT/DELETE queries.\n\nIt\u0027s possible to employ database backend dependent techniques of breaking out of HQL query context, described, for example, here: https://www.sonarsource.com/blog/exploiting-hibernate-injections.\n\n### Patches\n\nThis has been patched in 13.10.5 and 14.3-rc-1.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere is no known workaround, other than upgrading XWiki.\n\n### References\n\nhttps://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-17568\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [Jira XWiki.org](https://jira.xwiki.org/)\n* Email us at [Security Mailing List](mailto:security@xwiki.org)",
"id": "GHSA-wh34-m772-5398",
"modified": "2024-12-16T18:08:46Z",
"published": "2024-12-12T19:22:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/advisories/GHSA-wh34-m772-5398"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-55663"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/673076e2e8b88a36cdeaf7007843aa9ca1a068a0"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-17568"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "XWiki Platform has an SQL injection in getdocuments.vm with sort parameter"
}
GHSA-WHXW-CC2G-CF2J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-15 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-23 00:00IBM Spectrum Copy Data Management 2.2.0.0 through 2.2.14.3 is vulnerable to HTTP header injection, caused by improper validation of input by the HOST headers. This could allow an attacker to conduct various attacks against the vulnerable system, including cross-site scripting, cache poisoning or session hijacking. IBM X-Force ID: 220038
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-22344"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-14T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Spectrum Copy Data Management 2.2.0.0 through 2.2.14.3 is vulnerable to HTTP header injection, caused by improper validation of input by the HOST headers. This could allow an attacker to conduct various attacks against the vulnerable system, including cross-site scripting, cache poisoning or session hijacking. IBM X-Force ID: 220038",
"id": "GHSA-whxw-cc2g-cf2j",
"modified": "2022-03-23T00:00:47Z",
"published": "2022-03-15T00:00:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22344"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/220038"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6562479"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WJ5W-QGHH-GVQP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:21 – Updated: 2026-01-14 21:16An issue was discovered in Mattermost Server before 4.2.0, 4.1.1, and 4.0.5. E-mail templates can have a field in which HTML content is not neutralized.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.0.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.2.0-rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-18892"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-12T18:25:21Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-06-19T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Mattermost Server before 4.2.0, 4.1.1, and 4.0.5. E-mail templates can have a field in which HTML content is not neutralized.",
"id": "GHSA-wj5w-qghh-gvqp",
"modified": "2026-01-14T21:16:57Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:21:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-18892"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost/commit/4e05fbffed4d7ad75c0bb55d67d2c6f7cf9eaad6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost/commit/d76946bdb545aba4088943fc523dabb459d22873"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost/commit/f5167f3ba645b829f4c28530e13be6c3db967255"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mattermost.com/security-updates"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Mattermost Server does not neutralize HTML content in an Email template field"
}
GHSA-WM65-G4Q2-JH7C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-02 18:30 – Updated: 2023-06-09 06:30Firefox did not properly handle downloads of files ending in .desktop, which can be interpreted to run attacker-controlled commands.
This bug only affects Firefox for Linux on certain Distributions. Other operating systems are unaffected, and Mozilla is unable to enumerate all affected Linux Distributions.. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 112, Focus for Android < 112, Firefox ESR < 102.10, Firefox for Android < 112, and Thunderbird < 102.10.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-29541"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-02T17:15:12Z",
"severity": null
},
"details": "Firefox did not properly handle downloads of files ending in \u003ccode\u003e.desktop\u003c/code\u003e, which can be interpreted to run attacker-controlled commands. \u003cbr\u003e*This bug only affects Firefox for Linux on certain Distributions. Other operating systems are unaffected, and Mozilla is unable to enumerate all affected Linux Distributions.*. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 112, Focus for Android \u003c 112, Firefox ESR \u003c 102.10, Firefox for Android \u003c 112, and Thunderbird \u003c 102.10.",
"id": "GHSA-wm65-g4q2-jh7c",
"modified": "2023-06-09T06:30:28Z",
"published": "2023-06-02T18:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-29541"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1810191"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-13"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-14"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-15"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-4.3
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
- Alternately, use built-in functions, but consider using wrappers in case those functions are discovered to have a vulnerability.
Mitigation MIT-27
Strategy: Parameterization
- If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
- For example, stored procedures can enforce database query structure and reduce the likelihood of SQL injection.
Mitigation
Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages. Study all expected communication protocols and data representations to determine the required encoding strategies.
Mitigation
In some cases, input validation may be an important strategy when output encoding is not a complete solution. For example, you may be providing the same output that will be processed by multiple consumers that use different encodings or representations. In other cases, you may be required to allow user-supplied input to contain control information, such as limited HTML tags that support formatting in a wiki or bulletin board. When this type of requirement must be met, use an extremely strict allowlist to limit which control sequences can be used. Verify that the resulting syntactic structure is what you expect. Use your normal encoding methods for the remainder of the input.
Mitigation
Use input validation as a defense-in-depth measure to reduce the likelihood of output encoding errors (see CWE-20).
Mitigation
Fully specify which encodings are required by components that will be communicating with each other.
Mitigation
When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.
CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting
An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.
CAPEC-73: User-Controlled Filename
An attack of this type involves an adversary inserting malicious characters (such as a XSS redirection) into a filename, directly or indirectly that is then used by the target software to generate HTML text or other potentially executable content. Many websites rely on user-generated content and dynamically build resources like files, filenames, and URL links directly from user supplied data. In this attack pattern, the attacker uploads code that can execute in the client browser and/or redirect the client browser to a site that the attacker owns. All XSS attack payload variants can be used to pass and exploit these vulnerabilities.
CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering
Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application.
CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting
This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.