Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-98

Allowed

Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion')

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The PHP application receives input from an upstream component, but it does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the input before its usage in "require," "include," or similar functions.

2484 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2024-41925 (GCVE-0-2024-41925)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-03 22:17 – Updated: 2024-10-04 14:25
VLAI
Title
Optigo Networks ONS-S8 Spectra Aggregation Switch PHP Remote File Inclusion
Summary
The web service for ONS-S8 - Spectra Aggregation Switch includes functions which do not properly validate user input, allowing an attacker to traverse directories, bypass authentication, and execute remote code.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Optigo Networks ONS-S8 Spectra Aggregation Switch Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.3.7 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
optigo ons-s8_firmware Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.3.7 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:o:optigo:ons-s8_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
 Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Claroty Team82 reported this vulnerability to CISA.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-38735 (GCVE-0-2024-38735)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-12 15:19 – Updated: 2026-05-11 21:03
VLAI
Title
WordPress Event post plugin <= 5.9.5 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Summary
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Bastien Ho Event post event-post.This issue affects Event post: from n/a through <= 5.9.5.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-98 - Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Bastien Ho Event post Affected: 0 , ≤ 5.9.5 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
nousopenusefulandsimple event_post Affected: 0 , ≤ 5.9.5 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:nousopenusefulandsimple:event_post:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
 Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-04-01 16:26
Credits
Emili Castells | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-37520 (GCVE-0-2024-37520)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-09 12:20 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:10
VLAI
Title
WordPress ShopBuilder – Elementor WooCommerce Builder Addons plugin <= 2.1.12 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Summary
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in RadiusTheme ShopBuilder – Elementor WooCommerce Builder Addons shopbuilder.This issue affects ShopBuilder – Elementor WooCommerce Builder Addons: from n/a through <= 2.1.12.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-98 - Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-04-01 16:26
Credits
João Pedro S Alcântara (Kinorth) | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-37410 (GCVE-0-2024-37410)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-09 10:13 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:09
VLAI
Title
WordPress PowerPack Lite for Beaver Builder plugin <= 1.3.0.3 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Summary
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in IdeaBox Creations PowerPack Lite for Beaver Builder powerpack-addon-for-beaver-builder.This issue affects PowerPack Lite for Beaver Builder: from n/a through <= 1.3.0.3.
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-98 - Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-04-01 16:26
Credits
João Pedro S Alcântara (Kinorth) | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-36415 (GCVE-0-2024-36415)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-06-10 19:49 – Updated: 2024-08-02 03:37
VLAI
Title
SuiteCRM Improper Control of Filename for Include Statement in PHP and Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous content leads to authenticated remote code execution
Summary
SuiteCRM is an open-source Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software application. Prior to versions 7.14.4 and 8.6.1, a vulnerability in uploaded file verification in products allows for remote code execution. Versions 7.14.4 and 8.6.1 contain a fix for this issue.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-98 - Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion')
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
salesagility SuiteCRM Affected: < 7.14.4
Affected: >= 8.0.0, < 8.6.1
Create a notification for this product.
salesagility suitecrm Affected: 0 , < 7.14.4 (custom)
Affected: 0 , < 8.6.1 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:salesagility:suitecrm:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-35650 (GCVE-0-2024-35650)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-06-10 15:43 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:09
VLAI
Title
WordPress MelaPress Login Security plugin <= 1.3.0 - Remote File Inclusion vulnerability
Summary
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Melapress MelaPress Login Security melapress-login-security.This issue affects MelaPress Login Security: from n/a through <= 1.3.0.
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-98 - Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Melapress MelaPress Login Security Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.3.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-04-01 16:25
Credits
YC_Infosec | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-35629 (GCVE-0-2024-35629)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-06-04 13:34 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:09
VLAI
Title
WordPress Easy Digital Downloads – Recent Purchases plugin <= 1.0.2 - Remote File Inclusion vulnerability
Summary
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Wow-Company Easy Digital Downloads – Recent Purchases allows PHP Remote File Inclusion.This issue affects Easy Digital Downloads – Recent Purchases: from n/a through 1.0.2.
Severity
9.6 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-98 - Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Wow-Company Easy Digital Downloads – Recent Purchases Affected: n/a , ≤ 1.0.2 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
easydigitaldownloads easy_digital_downloads Affected: 1.0.2
    cpe:2.3:a:easydigitaldownloads:easy_digital_downloads:1.0.2:*:*:*:*:wordpress:*:*
 Create a notification for this product.
Credits
YC_Infosec (Patchstack Alliance)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-32523 (GCVE-0-2024-32523)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-17 08:58 – Updated: 2026-05-11 21:01
VLAI
Title
WordPress Mailster plugin <= 4.0.6 - Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Summary
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in EverPress Mailster mailster.This issue affects Mailster: from n/a through <= 4.0.6.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-98 - Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
EverPress Mailster Affected: 0 , ≤ 4.0.6 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-04-01 16:24
Credits
Rafie Muhammad | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-31459 (GCVE-0-2024-31459)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-13 15:11 – Updated: 2025-12-16 18:13
VLAI
Title
Cacti RCE vulnerability by file include in lib/plugin.php
Summary
Cacti provides an operational monitoring and fault management framework. Prior to version 1.2.27, there is a file inclusion issue in the `lib/plugin.php` file. Combined with SQL injection vulnerabilities, remote code execution can be implemented. There is a file inclusion issue with the `api_plugin_hook()` function in the `lib/plugin.php` file, which reads the plugin_hooks and plugin_config tables in database. The read data is directly used to concatenate the file path which is used for file inclusion. Version 1.2.27 contains a patch for the issue.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-98 - Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Cacti cacti Affected: < 1.2.27
Create a notification for this product.
cacti cacti Affected: - , < 1.2.27 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:cacti:cacti:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-27971 (GCVE-0-2024-27971)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-17 08:51 – Updated: 2026-05-11 21:00
VLAI
Title
WordPress Premmerce Permalink Manager for WooCommerce plugin <= 2.3.10 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Summary
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Premmerce Premmerce Permalink Manager for WooCommerce woo-permalink-manager.This issue affects Premmerce Permalink Manager for WooCommerce: from n/a through <= 2.3.10.
Severity
8.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-98 - Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Premmerce Premmerce Permalink Manager for WooCommerce Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.3.10 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
premmerce permalink_manager_for_woocommerce Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.3.10 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:premmerce:permalink_manager_for_woocommerce:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
 Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-04-01 16:23
Credits
Rafie Muhammad | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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    "assignerShortName": "Patchstack",
    "cveId": "CVE-2024-27971",
    "datePublished": "2024-05-17T08:51:35.522Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-02-28T16:46:55.227Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T21:00:38.664Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].

Mitigation MIT-21.1
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

  • When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
  • For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-5.1
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • When validating filenames, use stringent lists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
  • Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation MIT-34
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

  • Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
  • This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation MIT-6
Architecture and Design Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

  • Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
  • Many file inclusion problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, especially for cookies and URL components.
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

Mitigation
Operation Implementation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Develop and run your code in the most recent versions of PHP available, preferably PHP 6 or later. Many of the highly risky features in earlier PHP interpreters have been removed, restricted, or disabled by default.

Mitigation MIT-16
Operation Implementation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
  • Often, programmers do not protect direct access to files intended only to be included by core programs. These include files may assume that critical variables have already been initialized by the calling program. As a result, the use of register_globals combined with the ability to directly access the include file may allow attackers to conduct file inclusion attacks. This remains an extremely common pattern as of 2009.
Mitigation
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Set allow_url_fopen to false, which limits the ability to include files from remote locations.

CAPEC-193: PHP Remote File Inclusion

In this pattern the adversary is able to load and execute arbitrary code remotely available from the application. This is usually accomplished through an insecurely configured PHP runtime environment and an improperly sanitized "include" or "require" call, which the user can then control to point to any web-accessible file. This allows adversaries to hijack the targeted application and force it to execute their own instructions.

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