CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8378 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-5328-5QFM-F38V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 18:45 – Updated: 2022-05-01 18:45Unspecified vulnerability in nlnotes.dll in the client in IBM Lotus Notes 6.5, 7.0.x before 7.0.2 CCH or 7.0.3, and possibly 8.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted text in an e-mail message sent over SMTP.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2007-6706"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-03-09T02:44:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Unspecified vulnerability in nlnotes.dll in the client in IBM Lotus Notes 6.5, 7.0.x before 7.0.2 CCH or 7.0.3, and possibly 8.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted text in an e-mail message sent over SMTP.",
"id": "GHSA-5328-5qfm-f38v",
"modified": "2022-05-01T18:45:46Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T18:45:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-6706"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/40956"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/27279"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securitytracker.com/id?1019464"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www-1.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21271957"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2007/3597"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-533C-2VH9-4R86
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-13 17:18 – Updated: 2026-07-13 17:18Description
A privileged admin user who can edit an affected landing page can store arbitrary HTML/JavaScript in an HTML block, and the public page renders it with html_safe and no output escaping.
Technical description
This issue lets any admin who can edit an affected landing page store arbitrary HTML and JavaScript in an HTML block. The block is then rendered back through Decidim::ContentBlocks::HtmlCell#html_content without a sanitization boundary, so the script executes later in visitor's browsers.
Impact
- A user with landing-page editing rights for an affected scope can persist JavaScript that executes in visitor's browsers on that page.
- Because exploitation already requires privileged administrative access, the practical risk is lower than a participant-controlled or unauthenticated stored XSS. It still creates a browser-execution primitive in a trusted admin-editable surface.
Patches
See https://github.com/decidim/decidim/pull/16451
Workarounds
Do not give admin permissions to non-trustful users.
Reference
Stored XSS
Credits
This issue was discovered in a security audit organized by the Decidim Association and made by Radically Open Security against Decidim financed by NGI.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "decidim-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.30.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "decidim-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.31.0.rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "0.31.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "decidim-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.32.0.rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "0.32.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-45572"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-13T17:18:12Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Description\n \nA privileged admin user who can edit an affected landing page can store arbitrary HTML/JavaScript in an `HTML block`, and the public page renders it with `html_safe` and no output escaping.\n\n## Technical description\n \nThis issue lets any admin who can edit an affected landing page store arbitrary HTML and JavaScript in an `HTML block`. The block is then rendered back through `Decidim::ContentBlocks::HtmlCell#html_content` without a sanitization boundary, so the script executes later in visitor\u0027s browsers.\n\n\u003cimg width=\"1541\" height=\"439\" alt=\"decidim-html-xss-01\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/acae1c06-8acb-49be-ab12-aabae33190ce\" /\u003e\n\n\u003cimg width=\"1540\" height=\"752\" alt=\"decidim-html-xss-02\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/a2f1fa7f-03f3-4d17-b58b-f4db865443e9\" /\u003e\n\n\n### Impact\n\n- A user with landing-page editing rights for an affected scope can persist JavaScript that executes in visitor\u0027s browsers on that page.\n- Because exploitation already requires privileged administrative access, the practical risk is lower than a participant-controlled or unauthenticated stored XSS. It still creates a browser-execution primitive in a trusted admin-editable surface.\n\n### Patches\n\nSee https://github.com/decidim/decidim/pull/16451 \n\n### Workarounds\n\nDo not give admin permissions to non-trustful users. \n\n### Reference\n\nStored XSS\n\n### Credits\n\nThis issue was discovered in a security audit organized by the [Decidim Association](https://decidim.org) and made by [Radically Open Security](https://www.radicallyopensecurity.com/) against Decidim financed by [NGI](https://ngi.eu/).",
"id": "GHSA-533c-2vh9-4r86",
"modified": "2026-07-13T17:18:12Z",
"published": "2026-07-13T17:18:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/decidim/decidim/security/advisories/GHSA-533c-2vh9-4r86"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/decidim/decidim/pull/16451"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/decidim/decidim"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Decidim: HTML content blocks allow stored script execution"
}
GHSA-5348-X87R-X9HJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 06:12 – Updated: 2022-05-02 06:12Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in BitScripts Bits Video Script 2.05 Gold Beta, and possibly 2.04, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the rowptem[template] parameter to (1) showcasesearch.php and (2) showcase2search.php.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2010-0367"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2010-01-21T20:30:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in BitScripts Bits Video Script 2.05 Gold Beta, and possibly 2.04, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the rowptem[template] parameter to (1) showcasesearch.php and (2) showcase2search.php.",
"id": "GHSA-5348-x87r-x9hj",
"modified": "2022-05-02T06:12:12Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T06:12:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-0367"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/55740"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.packetstormsecurity.com/1001-exploits/bitsvs-xssuploadrfi.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-534F-4CXM-43GW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-14 00:31 – Updated: 2026-01-14 00:31NanoCMS 0.4 contains an authenticated file upload vulnerability that allows remote code execution through unvalidated page content creation. Authenticated attackers can upload PHP files with arbitrary code to the server's pages directory by exploiting the page creation mechanism without proper input sanitization.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-50898"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-13T23:15:51Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "NanoCMS 0.4 contains an authenticated file upload vulnerability that allows remote code execution through unvalidated page content creation. Authenticated attackers can upload PHP files with arbitrary code to the server\u0027s pages directory by exploiting the page creation mechanism without proper input sanitization.",
"id": "GHSA-534f-4cxm-43gw",
"modified": "2026-01-14T00:31:27Z",
"published": "2026-01-14T00:31:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-50898"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ishell/Exploits-Archives/blob/master/2009-exploits/0904-exploits/nanocms-multi.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kalyan02/NanoCMS"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/50997"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nanocms-remote-code-execution-rce-authenticated"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-534G-6JQ4-VQ89
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-22 03:30 – Updated: 2023-11-22 03:30It was discovered that a user with Fleet admin permissions could upload a malicious package. Due to using an older version of the js-yaml library, this package would be loaded in an insecure manner, allowing an attacker to execute commands on the Kibana server.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-22150"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-22T01:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "It was discovered that a user with Fleet admin permissions could upload a malicious package. Due to using an older version of the js-yaml library, this package would be loaded in an insecure manner, allowing an attacker to execute commands on the Kibana server.\n",
"id": "GHSA-534g-6jq4-vq89",
"modified": "2023-11-22T03:30:19Z",
"published": "2023-11-22T03:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-22150"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://discuss.elastic.co/t/elastic-stack-7-14-1-security-update/283077"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.elastic.co/community/security"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5366-FF25-5H7F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-29 01:28 – Updated: 2022-04-29 01:28PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in D-Forum 1.00 through 1.11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the (1) my_header parameter to header.php3 or (2) my_footer parameter to footer.php3.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2003-1406"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2003-12-31T05:00:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in D-Forum 1.00 through 1.11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the (1) my_header parameter to header.php3 or (2) my_footer parameter to footer.php3.",
"id": "GHSA-5366-ff25-5h7f",
"modified": "2022-04-29T01:28:01Z",
"published": "2022-04-29T01:28:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2003-1406"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/11342"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/vulnwatch/2003-q1/0072.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/6879"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-536C-J2QM-3HW6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-26 18:31 – Updated: 2026-05-26 18:31IBM Web Server Plug-ins for WebSphere Application Server and WebSphere Liberty 8.5, 9.0 IBM WebSphere Application Server and WebSphere Application Server Liberty are vulnerable to remote code execution in the Web Server Plug-ins, through a specially crafted request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-8633"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-26T18:16:56Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "IBM Web Server Plug-ins for WebSphere Application Server and WebSphere Liberty 8.5, 9.0 IBM WebSphere Application Server and WebSphere Application Server Liberty are vulnerable to remote code execution in the Web Server Plug-ins, through a specially crafted request.",
"id": "GHSA-536c-j2qm-3hw6",
"modified": "2026-05-26T18:31:51Z",
"published": "2026-05-26T18:31:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-8633"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7274072"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5396-497V-5R3R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:51 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:51The wato component in Check_MK before 1.2.4p4 and 1.2.5 before 1.2.5i4 uses the pickle Python module unsafely, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted serialized object, related to an automation URL.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-5340"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-09-02T14:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The wato component in Check_MK before 1.2.4p4 and 1.2.5 before 1.2.5i4 uses the pickle Python module unsafely, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted serialized object, related to an automation URL.",
"id": "GHSA-5396-497v-5r3r",
"modified": "2022-05-14T02:51:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:51:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-5340"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://mathias-kettner.de/check_mk_werks.php?werk_id=984"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/127941/Deutsche-Telekom-CERT-Advisory-DTC-A-20140820-001.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015-1495.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/533180/100/0/threaded"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-53GH-P8JC-7RG8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-20 12:32 – Updated: 2025-10-15 16:06BerriAI/litellm version 1.40.12 contains a vulnerability that allows remote code execution. The issue exists in the handling of the 'post_call_rules' configuration, where a callback function can be added. The provided value is split at the final '.' mark, with the last part considered the function name and the remaining part appended with the '.py' extension and imported. This allows an attacker to set a system method, such as 'os.system', as a callback, enabling the execution of arbitrary commands when a chat response is processed.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "litellm"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.40.3.dev2"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.40.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-6825"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-03-20T19:55:11Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-20T10:15:33Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "BerriAI/litellm version 1.40.12 contains a vulnerability that allows remote code execution. The issue exists in the handling of the \u0027post_call_rules\u0027 configuration, where a callback function can be added. The provided value is split at the final \u0027.\u0027 mark, with the last part considered the function name and the remaining part appended with the \u0027.py\u0027 extension and imported. This allows an attacker to set a system method, such as \u0027os.system\u0027, as a callback, enabling the execution of arbitrary commands when a chat response is processed.",
"id": "GHSA-53gh-p8jc-7rg8",
"modified": "2025-10-15T16:06:56Z",
"published": "2025-03-20T12:32:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-6825"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/berriai/litellm/commit/441c7275ed2715f47650a7c2e525055c804073a9"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/BerriAI/litellm"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/BerriAI/litellm/blob/056913fd7049923a106130b02d7c29e7f312beec/litellm/utils.py#L2818"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/1d98bebb-6cf4-46c9-87c3-d3b1972973b5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "LiteLLM Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution (RCE)"
}
GHSA-53P5-XXHH-3J8X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:36 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:36Unspecified vulnerability in Microsoft Visio 2002 SP2, 2003 SP2 and SP3, and 2007 up to SP1 allows user-assisted remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a Visio file containing crafted object header data, aka "Visio Object Header Vulnerability."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-1089"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-04-08T23:05:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Unspecified vulnerability in Microsoft Visio 2002 SP2, 2003 SP2 and SP3, and 2007 up to SP1 allows user-assisted remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a Visio file containing crafted object header data, aka \"Visio Object Header Vulnerability.\"",
"id": "GHSA-53p5-xxhh-3j8x",
"modified": "2022-05-01T23:36:26Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T23:36:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-1089"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2008/ms08-019"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/41451"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A5496"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq\u0026m=120845064910729\u0026w=2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29691"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/28555"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1019804"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA08-099A.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/1143/references"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.