CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8378 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-4WVJ-8V7H-XG58
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:04 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:04A vulnerability in Trend Micro Maximum Security's (Consumer) 2018 (versions 12.0.1191 and below) User-Mode Hooking (UMH) driver could allow an attacker to create a specially crafted packet that could alter a vulnerable system in such a way that malicious code could be injected into other processes.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-3608"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-07-06T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in Trend Micro Maximum Security\u0027s (Consumer) 2018 (versions 12.0.1191 and below) User-Mode Hooking (UMH) driver could allow an attacker to create a specially crafted packet that could alter a vulnerable system in such a way that malicious code could be injected into other processes.",
"id": "GHSA-4wvj-8v7h-xg58",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:04:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:04:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-3608"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://esupport.trendmicro.com/en-US/home/pages/technical-support/1120237.aspx"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://esupport.trendmicro.com/support/vb/solution/ja-jp/1120144.aspx"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4WW3-585W-6P9R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-04 18:30 – Updated: 2025-04-10 21:30There is an HTML injection vulnerability in Esri Portal for ArcGIS <=11.0 that may allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to craft a URL which, when clicked, could potentially generate a message that may entice an unsuspecting victim to visit an arbitrary website. This could simplify phishing attacks.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-25706"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-79",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-04T18:15:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "There is an HTML injection vulnerability in Esri Portal for ArcGIS \u003c=11.0 that may allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to craft a URL which, when clicked, could potentially generate a message that may entice an unsuspecting victim to visit an arbitrary website. This could simplify phishing attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-4ww3-585w-6p9r",
"modified": "2025-04-10T21:30:47Z",
"published": "2024-04-04T18:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-25706"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.esri.com/arcgis-blog/products/arcgis-enterprise/administration/portal-for-arcgis-security-2024-update-2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4WXW-JXM6-5CH2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:22 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:22IBM Security Identity Manager 6.0 and 7.0 could allow an attacker to create unexpected control flow paths through the application, potentially bypassing security checks. Exploitation of this weakness can result in a limited form of code injection. IBM X-Force ID: 156162.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-4038"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-02-04T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Security Identity Manager 6.0 and 7.0 could allow an attacker to create unexpected control flow paths through the application, potentially bypassing security checks. Exploitation of this weakness can result in a limited form of code injection. IBM X-Force ID: 156162.",
"id": "GHSA-4wxw-jxm6-5ch2",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:22:29Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:22:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-4038"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/156162"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=ibm10869604"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:P/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4WXX-XMRX-3XQ9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:31 – Updated: 2025-10-22 03:30win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted TrueType font, as exploited in the wild in October 2014, aka "TrueType Font Parsing Remote Code Execution Vulnerability."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-4148"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-10-15T10:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted TrueType font, as exploited in the wild in October 2014, aka \"TrueType Font Parsing Remote Code Execution Vulnerability.\"",
"id": "GHSA-4wxx-xmrx-3xq9",
"modified": "2025-10-22T03:30:41Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:31:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-4148"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2014/ms14-058"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/96995"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2014-4148"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://blogs.technet.com/b/srd/archive/2014/10/14/accessing-risk-for-the-october-2014-security-updates.aspx"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/60970"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/70429"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4X34-22JV-CJ7Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:45 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:45PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in 123flashchat.php in the 123 Flash Chat 6.8.0 module for e107, when register_globals is enabled, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the e107path parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-1989"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-04-27T21:05:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in 123flashchat.php in the 123 Flash Chat 6.8.0 module for e107, when register_globals is enabled, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the e107path parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-4x34-22jv-cj7q",
"modified": "2022-05-01T23:45:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T23:45:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-1989"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/41867"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/5459"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29870"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/28828"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-4X3H-V693-HW3M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:36 – Updated: 2025-04-11 03:53Static code injection vulnerability in inc/function.base.php in Ajax File and Image Manager before 1.1, as used in tinymce before 1.4.2, phpMyFAQ 2.6 before 2.6.19 and 2.7 before 2.7.1, and possibly other products, allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary PHP code into data.php via crafted parameters.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2011-4825"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2011-12-15T03:57:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Static code injection vulnerability in inc/function.base.php in Ajax File and Image Manager before 1.1, as used in tinymce before 1.4.2, phpMyFAQ 2.6 before 2.6.19 and 2.7 before 2.7.1, and possibly other products, allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary PHP code into data.php via crafted parameters.",
"id": "GHSA-4x3h-v693-hw3m",
"modified": "2025-04-11T03:53:27Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T05:36:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-4825"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/18075"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.phpletter.com/en/DOWNLOAD/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.phpmyfaq.de/advisory_2011-10-25.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/50523"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.zenphoto.org/trac/ticket/2005"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-4X6F-6382-JV97
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:55 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:55An issue was discovered in DuomiCMS 3.0. Remote PHP code execution is possible via the search.php searchword parameter because "eval" is used during "if" processing.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-18083"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-10-09T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in DuomiCMS 3.0. Remote PHP code execution is possible via the search.php searchword parameter because \"eval\" is used during \"if\" processing.",
"id": "GHSA-4x6f-6382-jv97",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:55:49Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:55:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-18083"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Mochazz/Mochazz.github.io/blob/master/2018/09/30/DuomiCms3.0%E6%9C%80%E6%96%B0%E7%89%88%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E6%8C%96%E6%8E%98/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mochazz.github.io/2018/09/30/DuomiCms3.0%E6%9C%80%E6%96%B0%E7%89%88%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E6%8C%96%E6%8E%98"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4X76-22X2-RX8V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-11 13:27 – Updated: 2026-06-11 13:27Summary
The OpenZeppelin Contracts Wizard generated Hardhat (test/test.ts) and Foundry (test/<Name>.t.sol) example test files that interpolated user-supplied strings (opts.name, opts.uri) into the test source without escaping. A crafted input could produce a generated test file in which the input string broke out of its surrounding literal and was parsed as code, executing when a developer ran npm test or forge test on the downloaded project.
Impact
- Users of the hosted Wizard at https://wizard.openzeppelin.com: no action required. The site has been redeployed with the fix.
- Users of
@openzeppelin/wizardvia the documented public API: not affected. The vulnerable functions (zipHardhat,zipFoundry) are not part of the package's documented public exports. - Callers of
zipHardhat/zipFoundrywho forward externally-controlled strings intoopts.name/opts.uri: upgrade to0.10.9.
Patches
Fixed in @openzeppelin/wizard@0.10.9.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.10.8"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@openzeppelin/wizard"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.10.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-48054"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-11T13:27:24Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nThe OpenZeppelin Contracts Wizard generated Hardhat (`test/test.ts`) and Foundry (`test/\u003cName\u003e.t.sol`) example test files that interpolated user-supplied strings (`opts.name`, `opts.uri`) into the test source without escaping. A crafted input could produce a generated test file in which the input string broke out of its surrounding literal and was parsed as code, executing when a developer ran `npm test` or `forge test` on the downloaded project.\n\n## Impact\n\n- **Users of the hosted Wizard at https://wizard.openzeppelin.com:** no action required. The site has been redeployed with the fix.\n- **Users of `@openzeppelin/wizard` via the documented public API:** not affected. The vulnerable functions (`zipHardhat`, `zipFoundry`) are not part of the package\u0027s documented public exports.\n- **Callers of `zipHardhat` / `zipFoundry` who forward externally-controlled strings into `opts.name` / `opts.uri`:** upgrade to `0.10.9`.\n\n## Patches\n\nFixed in `@openzeppelin/wizard@0.10.9`.",
"id": "GHSA-4x76-22x2-rx8v",
"modified": "2026-06-11T13:27:24Z",
"published": "2026-06-11T13:27:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/contracts-wizard/security/advisories/GHSA-4x76-22x2-rx8v"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/contracts-wizard/commit/ec12c44f8d9e0491eba31037f95b36e98ec58b5f"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/contracts-wizard"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/contracts-wizard/releases/tag/%40openzeppelin%2Fwizard%400.10.9"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "OpenZeppelin Contracts Wizard has Code Injection in Generated Hardhat and Foundry Tests via Unsanitized opts.name / opts.uri"
}
GHSA-4X83-5GW5-Q346
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:17 – Updated: 2024-11-19 18:32Unspecified vulnerability in Zope Object Database (ZODB) before 3.8.2, when certain Zope Enterprise Objects (ZEO) database sharing is enabled, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Python code via vectors involving the ZEO network protocol.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "ZODB3"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.8.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2009-0668"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-29T11:42:27Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2009-08-07T19:30:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Unspecified vulnerability in Zope Object Database (ZODB) before 3.8.2, when certain Zope Enterprise Objects (ZEO) database sharing is enabled, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Python code via vectors involving the ZEO network protocol.",
"id": "GHSA-4x83-5gw5-q346",
"modified": "2024-11-19T18:32:44Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T03:17:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-0668"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/52377"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/zodb3/PYSEC-2009-8.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/zopefoundation/ZODB3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20151023102330/http://secunia.com/advisories/36204"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20151023102336/http://secunia.com/advisories/36205"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200229152709/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/35987"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://mail.zope.org/pipermail/zope-announce/2009-August/002220.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://pypi.python.org/pypi/ZODB3/3.8.2#whats-new-in-zodb-3-8-2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Zope Object Database (ZODB) vulnerable to arbitrary Python code execution in ZEO storage servers"
}
GHSA-4XF9-4R44-86RC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-22 00:24 – Updated: 2024-01-15 17:36ImpressPages CMS v1.0.12 has Unspecified Remote Code Execution (fixed in v1.0.13)
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.0.12"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "impresspages/impresspages"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.0.13"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2011-4943"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-01-15T17:36:31Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-01-22T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "ImpressPages CMS v1.0.12 has Unspecified Remote Code Execution (fixed in v1.0.13)",
"id": "GHSA-4xf9-4r44-86rc",
"modified": "2024-01-15T17:36:31Z",
"published": "2022-04-22T00:24:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-4943"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/impresspages/ImpressPages/commit/a3a49241c3708903d75b28c2cc975d77245cf0cf"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/impresspages/ImpressPages"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/03/23/16"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "ImpressPages CMS RCE"
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.