CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8335 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2M2Q-QGX4-J4MP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-13 21:30 – Updated: 2026-04-15 18:31The /registercrd endpoint in KubePlus 4.14 in the kubeconfiggenerator component is vulnerable to command injection. The component uses subprocess.Popen() with shell=True parameter to execute shell commands, and the user-supplied chartName parameter is directly concatenated into the command string without any sanitization or validation. An attacker can inject arbitrary shell commands by crafting a malicious chartName parameter value.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-29955"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-13T19:16:39Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The `/registercrd` endpoint in KubePlus 4.14 in the kubeconfiggenerator component is vulnerable to command injection. The component uses `subprocess.Popen()` with `shell=True` parameter to execute shell commands, and the user-supplied `chartName` parameter is directly concatenated into the command string without any sanitization or validation. An attacker can inject arbitrary shell commands by crafting a malicious `chartName` parameter value.",
"id": "GHSA-2m2q-qgx4-j4mp",
"modified": "2026-04-15T18:31:52Z",
"published": "2026-04-13T21:30:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-29955"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/b0b0haha/f011fdd69adc3ae272a4e3b99af90163"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/b0b0haha/CVE-2026-29955/blob/main/README.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2M3W-XCJP-43PQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:03 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01Execute arbitrary code vulnerability in Micro Focus SiteScope product, affecting versions 11.40,11.41 , 2018.05(11.50), 2018.08(11.51), 2018.11(11.60), 2019.02(11.70), 2019.05(11.80), 2019.08(11.90), 2019.11(11.91), 2020.05(11.92), 2020.10(11.93). The vulnerability could allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of SiteScope.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-22519"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-28T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Execute arbitrary code vulnerability in Micro Focus SiteScope product, affecting versions 11.40,11.41 , 2018.05(11.50), 2018.08(11.51), 2018.11(11.60), 2019.02(11.70), 2019.05(11.80), 2019.08(11.90), 2019.11(11.91), 2020.05(11.92), 2020.10(11.93). The vulnerability could allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of SiteScope.",
"id": "GHSA-2m3w-xcjp-43pq",
"modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:10Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:03:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-22519"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://softwaresupport.softwaregrp.com/doc/KM03811028"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2M5C-VVCV-8PFP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 07:44 – Updated: 2022-05-01 07:44PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in cmpro.intern/login.inc.php for Clan Manager Pro (CMPRO) 1.1.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the rootpath parameter. NOTE: the provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2006-7046"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2007-02-24T00:28:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in cmpro.intern/login.inc.php for Clan Manager Pro (CMPRO) 1.1.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the rootpath parameter. NOTE: the provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information.",
"id": "GHSA-2m5c-vvcv-8pfp",
"modified": "2022-05-01T07:44:05Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T07:44:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2006-7046"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/20484"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.osvdb.org/26224"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2M5P-XVWF-V82X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:12 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:12Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in the Photo functionality in DigitalVidhya Digi Online Examination System 2.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by uploading a file with an executable extension, then accessing it via a direct request to the file in assets/uploads/images/.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-8997"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-11-20T13:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in the Photo functionality in DigitalVidhya Digi Online Examination System 2.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by uploading a file with an executable extension, then accessing it via a direct request to the file in assets/uploads/images/.",
"id": "GHSA-2m5p-xvwf-v82x",
"modified": "2022-05-17T01:12:26Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T01:12:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-8997"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/98662"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/129108/Digi-Online-Examination-System-2.0-Shell-Upload.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/35223"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2M6Q-RJ94-6952
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-04 00:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:47An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 8.6 before 15.9.6, all versions starting from 15.10 before 15.10.5, all versions starting from 15.11 before 15.11.1. File integrity may be compromised when source code or installation packages are pulled from a tag or from a release containing a ref to another commit.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-1178"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-03T22:15:17Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 8.6 before 15.9.6, all versions starting from 15.10 before 15.10.5, all versions starting from 15.11 before 15.11.1. File integrity may be compromised when source code or installation packages are pulled from a tag or from a release containing a ref to another commit.",
"id": "GHSA-2m6q-rj94-6952",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:47:41Z",
"published": "2023-05-04T00:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-1178"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/1778009"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/cves/-/blob/master/2023/CVE-2023-1178.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/381815"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2M7X-C7PX-HP58
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-22 16:56 – Updated: 2025-01-03 16:07Summary
Due to the unrestricted access to twig extension class from grav context, an attacker can redefine the escape function and execute arbitrary commands.
Details
https://github.com/twigphp/Twig/blob/3.x/src/Extension/EscaperExtension.php#L99
/**
* Defines a new escaper to be used via the escape filter.
*
* @param string $strategy The strategy name that should be used as a strategy in the escape call
* @param callable $callable A valid PHP callable
*/
public function setEscaper($strategy, callable $callable)
{
$this->escapers[$strategy] = $callable;
}
```
Twig supports the functionality to redefine the escape function through the setEscaper method.
However, that method is not originally exposed to the twig environment, but it is accessible through the payload below.
```plaintext
{{ grav.twig.twig.extensions.core.setEscaper('a','a') }}
At this point, it accepts callable type as an argument, but as there is no validation for the $callable variable, attackers can set dangerous functions like system as the escaper function.
PoC
{{ var_dump(grav.twig.twig.extensions.core.setEscaper('system','twig_array_filter')) }}
{{ var_dump(['id'] | escape('system', 'system')) }}
Impact
Twig processing of static pages can be enabled in the front matter by any administrative user allowed to create or edit pages. As the Twig processor runs unsandboxed, this behavior can be used to gain arbitrary code execution and elevate privileges on the instance.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "getgrav/grav"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.7.45"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-28119"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-03-22T16:56:02Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-21T22:15:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nDue to the unrestricted access to twig extension class from grav context, an attacker can redefine the escape function and execute arbitrary commands.\n\n### Details\nhttps://github.com/twigphp/Twig/blob/3.x/src/Extension/EscaperExtension.php#L99\n```php\n/**\n * Defines a new escaper to be used via the escape filter.\n *\n * @param string $strategy The strategy name that should be used as a strategy in the escape call\n * @param callable $callable A valid PHP callable\n */\n public function setEscaper($strategy, callable $callable)\n {\n $this-\u003eescapers[$strategy] = $callable;\n }\n ```\n Twig supports the functionality to redefine the escape function through the setEscaper method. \nHowever, that method is not originally exposed to the twig environment, but it is accessible through the payload below.\n\n```plaintext\n{{ grav.twig.twig.extensions.core.setEscaper(\u0027a\u0027,\u0027a\u0027) }}\n```\nAt this point, it accepts callable type as an argument, but as there is no validation for the $callable variable, attackers can set dangerous functions like system as the escaper function.\n\n\n### PoC\n```\n{{ var_dump(grav.twig.twig.extensions.core.setEscaper(\u0027system\u0027,\u0027twig_array_filter\u0027)) }}\n{{ var_dump([\u0027id\u0027] | escape(\u0027system\u0027, \u0027system\u0027)) }}\n```\n\n### Impact\nTwig processing of static pages can be enabled in the front matter by any administrative user allowed to create or edit pages.\nAs the Twig processor runs unsandboxed, this behavior can be used to gain arbitrary code execution and elevate privileges on the instance.",
"id": "GHSA-2m7x-c7px-hp58",
"modified": "2025-01-03T16:07:19Z",
"published": "2024-03-22T16:56:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisories/GHSA-2m7x-c7px-hp58"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28119"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/commit/de1ccfa12dbcbf526104d68c1a6bc202a98698fe"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/twigphp/Twig/blob/3.x/src/Extension/EscaperExtension.php#L99"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Server Side Template Injection (SSTI) via Twig escape handler"
}
GHSA-2M99-5FFF-XF2F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:43 – Updated: 2022-05-02 03:43Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in FSphp 0.2.1 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the FSPHP_LIB parameter to (1) FSphp.php, (2) navigation.php, and (3) pathwrite.php in lib/.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2009-3307"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-09-23T12:08:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in FSphp 0.2.1 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the FSPHP_LIB parameter to (1) FSphp.php, (2) navigation.php, and (3) pathwrite.php in lib/.",
"id": "GHSA-2m99-5fff-xf2f",
"modified": "2022-05-02T03:43:50Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T03:43:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-3307"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/9720"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2009/2704"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2MCC-MPMM-5889
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 06:57 – Updated: 2022-05-01 06:57Argument injection vulnerability in the URI handler in Skype 2.0..104 and 2.5..0 through 2.5.*.78 for Windows allows remote authorized attackers to download arbitrary files via a URL that contains certain command-line switches.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2006-2312"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-88",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2006-05-19T21:02:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Argument injection vulnerability in the URI handler in Skype 2.0.*.104 and 2.5.*.0 through 2.5.*.78 for Windows allows remote authorized attackers to download arbitrary files via a URL that contains certain command-line switches.",
"id": "GHSA-2mcc-mpmm-5889",
"modified": "2022-05-01T06:57:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T06:57:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2006-2312"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/26557"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/fulldisclosure/2006-05/0549.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/20154"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/466428"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.osvdb.org/25658"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/434707/30/4860/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/18038"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.skype.com/security/skype-sb-2006-001.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2006/1871"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2MJ3-MC6H-QCGC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:05 – Updated: 2022-05-17 04:05The installer in ICZ MATCHA INVOICE before 2.5.7 does not properly configure the database, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via unspecified vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-5643"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2015-10-06T01:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The installer in ICZ MATCHA INVOICE before 2.5.7 does not properly configure the database, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via unspecified vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-2mj3-mc6h-qcgc",
"modified": "2022-05-17T04:05:33Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:05:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-5643"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN66984217/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://jvndb.jvn.jp/jvndb/JVNDB-2015-000144"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://oss.icz.co.jp/news/?p=1073"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2MJQ-9G7P-P94F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 07:22 – Updated: 2022-05-01 07:22PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in inc/claro_init_local.inc.php in Claroline 1.7.7 and earlier, as used in Dokeos and possibly other products, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the extAuthSource[newUser] parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2006-4844"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2006-09-19T01:07:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in inc/claro_init_local.inc.php in Claroline 1.7.7 and earlier, as used in Dokeos and possibly other products, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the extAuthSource[newUser] parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-2mjq-9g7p-p94f",
"modified": "2022-05-01T07:22:29Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T07:22:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2006-4844"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/28943"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/21931"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/21948"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.claroline.net/wiki/index.php/Changelog_1.7.x#Modification_between_claroline_1.7.7_and_1.7.8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.gulftech.org/?node=research\u0026article_id=00112-09142006"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.gulftech.org/?node=research\u0026article_id=00112-09142006\u0026"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/20056"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2006/3638"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2006/3639"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.