CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8339 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2HGM-XVX6-W372
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-03 21:32 – Updated: 2025-04-04 18:30Netwrix Password Secure through 9.2 allows command injection.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-26818"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-03T20:15:23Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Netwrix Password Secure through 9.2 allows command injection.",
"id": "GHSA-2hgm-xvx6-w372",
"modified": "2025-04-04T18:30:53Z",
"published": "2025-04-03T21:32:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-26818"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpcenter.netwrix.com/bundle/PasswordSecure_9.2_ReleaseNotes/resource/Netwrix_PasswordSecure_9.2_BugFixList.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netwrix.com/advisories/adv-2025-009"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2HH4-C6PJ-8P6J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-18 15:31 – Updated: 2025-07-18 21:30An arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the component /rsc/filemanager.rsc.class.php of Filemanager commit c75b914 v.2.5.0 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via uploading a crafted SVG file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-46000"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-18T15:15:27Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the component /rsc/filemanager.rsc.class.php of Filemanager commit c75b914 v.2.5.0 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via uploading a crafted SVG file.",
"id": "GHSA-2hh4-c6pj-8p6j",
"modified": "2025-07-18T21:30:28Z",
"published": "2025-07-18T15:31:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-46000"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/simogeo/Filemanager/commit/c75b914"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/simogeo/Filemanager"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zakumini/CVE-List/blob/main/CVE-2025-46000/CVE-2025-46000.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2HJ6-CWHM-RFG9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-20 21:31 – Updated: 2024-09-23 18:30SEMCMS 4.8 is vulnerable to SQL Injection via SEMCMS_Main.php.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-46103"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-20T21:15:12Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "SEMCMS 4.8 is vulnerable to SQL Injection via SEMCMS_Main.php.",
"id": "GHSA-2hj6-cwhm-rfg9",
"modified": "2024-09-23T18:30:34Z",
"published": "2024-09-20T21:31:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-46103"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/N0zoM1z0/MY-CVE/blob/main/CVE-2024-46103.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2HMM-Q272-XMHF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-01 00:00 – Updated: 2024-04-23 23:43A remote code execution risk when restoring backup files originating from Moodle 1.9 was identified.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.9.17"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.11"
},
{
"fixed": "3.11.10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.0.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-40314"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-23T23:43:09Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-30T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A remote code execution risk when restoring backup files originating from Moodle 1.9 was identified.",
"id": "GHSA-2hmm-q272-xmhf",
"modified": "2024-04-23T23:43:09Z",
"published": "2022-10-01T00:00:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-40314"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2128147"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=438393"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://git.moodle.org/gw?p=moodle.git\u0026a=search\u0026h=HEAD\u0026st=commit\u0026s=MDL-75405"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Moodle remote code execution"
}
GHSA-2HMP-5WQG-F24H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-10 15:30 – Updated: 2025-10-03 13:26A vulnerability, that could result in Remote Code Execution (RCE), has been found in PlotAI. Lack of validation of LLM-generated output allows attacker to execute arbitrary Python code. PlotAI commented out vulnerable line, further usage of the software requires uncommenting it and thus accepting the risk.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "plotai"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.0.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-1497"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-03-10T22:21:12Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-10T14:15:24Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, that could result in Remote Code Execution (RCE), has been found in PlotAI. Lack of validation of LLM-generated output allows attacker to execute arbitrary Python code. PlotAI commented out vulnerable line, further usage of the software requires uncommenting it and thus accepting the risk.",
"id": "GHSA-2hmp-5wqg-f24h",
"modified": "2025-10-03T13:26:29Z",
"published": "2025-03-10T15:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1497"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mljar/plotai/commit/bdcfb13484f0b85703a4c1ddfd71cb21840e7fde"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.pl/en/posts/2025/03/CVE-2025-1497"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.pl/posts/2025/03/CVE-2025-1497"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/mljar/plotai"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/plotai/PYSEC-2025-22.yaml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "PlotAI eval vulnerability"
}
GHSA-2HQ5-J2J6-VRV6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-30 00:32 – Updated: 2025-07-30 00:32A code injection vulnerability due to an improper initialization check exists in NI LabVIEW that may result in arbitrary code execution. Successful exploitation requires an attacker to get a user to open a specially crafted VI using a CIN node. This vulnerability affects 32-bit NI LabVIEW 2025 Q1 and prior versions. LabVIEW 64-bit versions do not support CIN nodes and are not affected.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-7361"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-29T22:15:25Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A code injection vulnerability due to an improper initialization check exists in NI LabVIEW that may result in arbitrary code execution. Successful exploitation requires an attacker to get a user to open a specially crafted VI using a CIN node. This vulnerability affects 32-bit NI LabVIEW 2025 Q1 and prior versions. LabVIEW 64-bit versions do not support CIN nodes and are not affected.",
"id": "GHSA-2hq5-j2j6-vrv6",
"modified": "2025-07-30T00:32:18Z",
"published": "2025-07-30T00:32:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7361"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ni.com/en/support/security/available-critical-and-security-updates-for-ni-software/code-injection-vulnerability-in-ni-labview-using-cin-nodes.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2HW8-QJ3H-C7PQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:12 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:12badges/external.php in Moodle 2.5.x before 2.5.2 does not properly handle an object obtained by unserializing a description of an external badge, which allows remote attackers to conduct PHP object injection attacks via unspecified vectors, as demonstrated by overwriting the value of the userid parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-5674"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2013-09-16T13:02:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "badges/external.php in Moodle 2.5.x before 2.5.2 does not properly handle an object obtained by unserializing a description of an external badge, which allows remote attackers to conduct PHP object injection attacks via unspecified vectors, as demonstrated by overwriting the value of the userid parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-2hw8-qj3h-c7pq",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:12:55Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:12:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-5674"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=238397"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://git.moodle.org/gw?p=moodle.git\u0026a=search\u0026h=HEAD\u0026st=commit\u0026s=MDL-40924"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2HX3-VP6R-MG3F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-14 23:39 – Updated: 2026-07-21 13:42CVE Advisory (CVE-2026-41134): Code Generation Literal Injection in Kiota
Summary
Kiota versions prior to 1.31.1 are affected by a code-generation literal injection vulnerability in multiple writer sinks (for example: serialization/deserialization keys, path/query parameter mappings, URL template metadata, enum/property metadata, and default value emission).
When malicious values from an OpenAPI description are emitted into generated source without context-appropriate escaping, an attacker can break out of string literals and inject additional code into generated clients.
Impact and Preconditions
This issue is only practically exploitable when:
- the OpenAPI description used for generation is from an untrusted source, or
- a normally trusted OpenAPI description has been compromised/tampered with.
If you only generate from trusted, integrity-protected API descriptions, risk is significantly reduced.
Affected Versions
- Affected: all versions < 1.31.1
- Fixed: 1.31.1 and later
Illustrative Exploit Example
Example OpenAPI fragment (malicious default value)
openapi: 3.0.1
info:
title: Exploit Demo
version: 1.0.0
components:
schemas:
User:
type: object
properties:
displayName:
type: string
default: "\"; throw new System.Exception(\"injected\"); //"
Example generated C# snippet before fix (illustrative)
public User() {
DisplayName = ""; throw new System.Exception("injected"); //";
}
The injected payload escapes the intended string context and introduces attacker-controlled statements in generated code.
Note: this exploit is not limited to default values, but may also impact properties names (serialization), path or query parameters, enum representations and other locations.
Remediation
- Upgrade Kiota to 1.31.1 or later.
- Regenerate/refresh existing generated clients as a precaution:
kiota update
Refreshing generated clients ensures previously generated vulnerable code is replaced with hardened output.
Acknowledgement
We would like to thank the researcher Thanatos Tian（Polyu) for finding this issue and for his contribution to this open source project.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "kiota"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.31.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Microsoft.OpenApi.Kiota"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.31.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Microsoft.OpenApi.Kiota.Builder"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.31.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-41134"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-14T23:39:41Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-22T21:17:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "# CVE Advisory (CVE-2026-41134): Code Generation Literal Injection in Kiota\n\n## Summary\n\nKiota versions **prior to 1.31.1** are affected by a code-generation literal injection vulnerability in multiple writer sinks (for example: serialization/deserialization keys, path/query parameter mappings, URL template metadata, enum/property metadata, and default value emission).\n\nWhen malicious values from an OpenAPI description are emitted into generated source without context-appropriate escaping, an attacker can break out of string literals and inject additional code into generated clients.\n\n## Impact and Preconditions\n\nThis issue is only practically exploitable when:\n\n1. the OpenAPI description used for generation is from an **untrusted source**, or\n2. a normally trusted OpenAPI description has been **compromised/tampered with**.\n\nIf you only generate from trusted, integrity-protected API descriptions, risk is significantly reduced.\n\n## Affected Versions\n\n- **Affected:** all versions **\u003c 1.31.1**\n- **Fixed:** **1.31.1** and later\n\n## Illustrative Exploit Example\n\n### Example OpenAPI fragment (malicious default value)\n\n```yaml\nopenapi: 3.0.1\ninfo:\n title: Exploit Demo\n version: 1.0.0\ncomponents:\n schemas:\n User:\n type: object\n properties:\n displayName:\n type: string\n default: \"\\\"; throw new System.Exception(\\\"injected\\\"); //\"\n```\n\n### Example generated C# snippet before fix (illustrative)\n\n```csharp\npublic User() {\n DisplayName = \"\"; throw new System.Exception(\"injected\"); //\";\n}\n```\n\nThe injected payload escapes the intended string context and introduces attacker-controlled statements in generated code.\n\n\u003e Note: this exploit is not limited to default values, but may also impact properties names (serialization), path or query parameters, enum representations and other locations.\n\n## Remediation\n\n1. Upgrade Kiota to **1.31.1 or later**.\n2. Regenerate/refresh existing generated clients as a precaution:\n\n```bash\nkiota update\n```\n\nRefreshing generated clients ensures previously generated vulnerable code is replaced with hardened output.\n\n## Acknowledgement\n\nWe would like to thank the researcher Thanatos Tian\uff08Polyu) for finding this issue and for his contribution to this open source project.",
"id": "GHSA-2hx3-vp6r-mg3f",
"modified": "2026-07-21T13:42:51Z",
"published": "2026-04-14T23:39:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/microsoft/kiota/security/advisories/GHSA-2hx3-vp6r-mg3f"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41134"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/microsoft/kiota"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Kiota: Code Generation Literal Injection"
}
GHSA-2HX5-63MQ-CRFJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:11 – Updated: 2025-10-22 03:30The findMacroMarker function in parserLib.pas in Rejetto HTTP File Server (aks HFS or HttpFileServer) 2.3x before 2.3c allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary programs via a %00 sequence in a search action.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-6287"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-10-07T10:55:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The findMacroMarker function in parserLib.pas in Rejetto HTTP File Server (aks HFS or HttpFileServer) 2.3x before 2.3c allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary programs via a %00 sequence in a search action.",
"id": "GHSA-2hx5-63mq-crfj",
"modified": "2025-10-22T03:30:41Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:11:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-6287"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/3793"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2014-6287"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39161"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/128243/HttpFileServer-2.3.x-Remote-Command-Execution.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/135122/Rejetto-HTTP-File-Server-2.3.x-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/160264/Rejetto-HttpFileServer-2.3.x-Remote-Command-Execution.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/161503/HFS-HTTP-File-Server-2.3.x-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/251276"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2J2G-79HH-W4QP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:23 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:23In Gxlcms QY v1.0.0713, the upload function in Lib\Lib\Action\Admin\UploadAction.class.php allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code by first using an Admin-Admin-Configsave request to change the config[upload_class] value from jpg,gif,png,jpeg to jpg,gif,png,jpeg,php and then making an Admin-Upload-Upload request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-9848"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-04-07T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In Gxlcms QY v1.0.0713, the upload function in Lib\\Lib\\Action\\Admin\\UploadAction.class.php allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code by first using an Admin-Admin-Configsave request to change the config[upload_class] value from jpg,gif,png,jpeg to jpg,gif,png,jpeg,php and then making an Admin-Upload-Upload request.",
"id": "GHSA-2j2g-79hh-w4qp",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:23:51Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:23:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-9848"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.atksec.com/cve/GxlcmsQY-v1.0.0713-upload-getshell/index.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.