CWE-863

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-49209"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-22T17:15:05Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Archer Platform 2024.03 before version 2024.09 is affected by an API authorization bypass vulnerability related to supporting application files. A remote unprivileged attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability to elevate their privileges and upload additional system icons.",
  "id": "GHSA-5g9h-w8cm-q83h",
  "modified": "2024-10-22T18:32:12Z",
  "published": "2024-10-22T18:32:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-49209"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.archerirm.community/t5/platform-announcements/archer-update-for-multiple-vulnerabilities/ta-p/747545"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.archerirm.community/t5/platform-announcements/tkb-p/product-advisories-tkb"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-22616"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-05-26T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "This issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-003 Catalina, macOS Monterey 12.3, macOS Big Sur 11.6.5. A maliciously crafted ZIP archive may bypass Gatekeeper checks.",
  "id": "GHSA-5g9j-jm8g-926x",
  "modified": "2022-06-09T00:00:29Z",
  "published": "2022-05-27T00:00:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22616"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213183"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213184"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213185"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-57432"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-31T17:15:15Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "macrozheng mall-tiny 1.0.1 suffers from Insecure Permissions. The application\u0027s JWT signing keys are hardcoded and do not change. User information is explicitly written into the JWT and used for subsequent privilege management, making it is possible to forge the JWT of any user to achieve authentication bypass.",
  "id": "GHSA-5ggv-wq69-w49q",
  "modified": "2025-02-03T18:30:40Z",
  "published": "2025-01-31T18:31:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-57432"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/peccc/restful_vul/blob/main/mall_tiny_weak_jwt/mall_tiny_weak_jwt.md"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 7.3.4"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.liferay.portal:release.portal.bom"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "7.0.3"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "7.3.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.liferay.portal:release.dxp.bom"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "7.1.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "7.1.10.fp20"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.liferay.portal:release.dxp.bom"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "7.2.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "7.2.10.fp9"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-33335"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-05-28T20:14:34Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-08-03T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Privilege escalation vulnerability in Liferay Portal 7.0.3 through 7.3.4, and Liferay DXP 7.1 before fix pack 20, and 7.2 before fix pack 9 allows remote authenticated users with permission to update/edit users to take over a company administrator user account by editing the company administrator user.",
  "id": "GHSA-5gh9-g62h-f35m",
  "modified": "2025-05-28T20:14:34Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:10:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-33335"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/liferay/liferay-portal"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issues.liferay.com/browse/LPE-17103"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220828222916/https://portal.liferay.dev/learn/security/known-vulnerabilities/-/asset_publisher/HbL5mxmVrnXW/content/id/120747906"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Liferay Portal and Liferay DXP Has Company Administrator Accounts Vulnerable to Takeovers"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2026.4.5"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.4.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-43568"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-266",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-17T21:53:17Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nMemory dreaming config persistence was reachable from operator.write commands.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n\n- Package: `openclaw`\n- Ecosystem: npm\n- Affected versions: `\u003e= 2026.4.5 \u003c 2026.4.10`\n- Patched versions: `\u003e= 2026.4.10`\n\n## Impact\n\nA write-scoped gateway path could toggle persistent memory dreaming settings through `/dreaming`, crossing into an admin-class configuration mutation.\n\n## Technical Details\n\nThe fix requires admin scope for persistent dreaming gateway toggles.\n\n## Fix\n\nThe issue was fixed in #63872. The first stable tag containing the fix is `v2026.4.10`, and `openclaw@2026.4.14` includes the fix.\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n\n- `6af17b39e11f5f35e23b7e5a5f71a7d0aa3c7310`\n- PR: #63872\n\n## Release Process Note\n\nUsers should upgrade to `openclaw` 2026.4.10 or newer. The latest npm release, `2026.4.14`, already includes the fix.\n\n## Credits\n\nThanks to @zpbrent and @zsxsoft, with sponsorship from @KeenSecurityLab and @qclawer for reporting this issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-5gjc-grvm-m88j",
  "modified": "2026-05-05T12:00:11Z",
  "published": "2026-04-17T21:53:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-5gjc-grvm-m88j"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/pull/63872"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/6af17b39e11f5f35e23b7e5a5f71a7d0aa3c7310"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw: Memory dreaming config persistence was reachable from operator.write commands"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-20868"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-01-04T04:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Incorrect authorization vulnerability in KONICA MINOLTA bizhub series (bizhub C750i G00-35 and earlier, bizhub C650i/C550i/C450i G00-B6 and earlier, bizhub C360i/C300i/C250i G00-B6 and earlier, bizhub 750i/650i/550i/450i G00-37 and earlier, bizhub 360i/300i G00-33 and earlier, bizhub C287i/C257i/C227i G00-19 and earlier, bizhub 306i/266i/246i/226i G00-B6 and earlier, bizhub C759/C659 GC7-X8 and earlier, bizhub C658/C558/C458 GC7-X8 and earlier, bizhub 958/808/758 GC7-X8 and earlier, bizhub 658e/558e/458e GC7-X8 and earlier, bizhub C287/C227 GC7-X8 and earlier, bizhub 287/227 GC7-X8 and earlier, bizhub 368e/308e GC7-X8 and earlier, bizhub C368/C308/C258 GC9-X4 and earlier, bizhub 558/458/368/308 GC9-X4 and earlier, bizhub C754e/C654e GDQ-M0 and earlier, bizhub 754e/654e GDQ-M0 and earlier, bizhub C554e/C454e GDQ-M1 and earlier, bizhub C364e/C284e/C224e GDQ-M1 and earlier, bizhub 554e/454e/364e/284e/224e GDQ-M1 and earlier, bizhub C754/C654 C554/C454 GR1-M0 and earlier, bizhub C364/C284/C224 GR1-M0 and earlier, bizhub 754/654 GR1-M0 and earlier, bizhub C4050i/C3350i/C4000i/C3300i G00-B6 and earlier, bizhub C3320i G00-B6 and earlier, bizhub 4750i/4050i G00-22 and earlier, bizhub 4700i G00-22 and earlier, bizhub C3851FS/C3851/C3351 GC9-X4 and earlier, and bizhub 4752/4052 GC9-X4 and earlier) allows an attacker on the adjacent network to obtain user credentials if external server authentication is enabled via a specific SOAP message sent by an administrative user.",
  "id": "GHSA-5grr-wg7c-8c88",
  "modified": "2022-01-14T00:03:14Z",
  "published": "2022-01-05T00:01:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-20868"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jvn.jp/en/vu/JVNVU95192472/index.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jvn.jp/vu/JVNVU95192472/index.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.konicaminolta.com/global/newsroom/topics/2021/1224-01-01.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.konicaminolta.jp/business/support/important/211224_01_01.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.21.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.21.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.1.4"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "tools.jackson.core:jackson-databind"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.1.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.18.8"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.18.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.18.9"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.22.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.22.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "tools.jackson.core:jackson-databind"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.2.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.2.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-59889"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-21T22:00:43Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T21:17:06Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n`UnwrappedPropertyHandler.processUnwrapped()` replays the buffered JSON for a `@JsonUnwrapped` property by iterating its properties and calling `prop.deserializeAndSet()` with **no `prop.visibleInView(ctxt.getActiveView())` guard** \u2014 the exact guard `processUnwrappedCreatorProperties()` received in the #5971 / GHSA-rcqc-6cw3-h962 fix, and the guard `BeanDeserializer.deserializeWithUnwrapped` applies to directly-matched properties. As a result, a property annotated with both `@JsonView(PrivilegedView.class)` and `@JsonUnwrapped` is written from attacker JSON even when deserializing under a more-restrictive active view.\n\n**Correction to the original framing (runtime-verified):** the gap is NOT a per-field inner `@JsonView` (the unwrapped sub-object\u0027s own `BeanDeserializer` gates inner fields correctly). The unchecked gate is the **view of the unwrapped CONTAINER property**.\n\n## Intent proof (runtime, 2.x HEAD 21dd70dd and 3.x HEAD 7a5939d6)\nAn `@JsonView(AdminView)` property that is NOT `@JsonUnwrapped` \u2192 `null` under `PublicView` (correctly gated). The identical property WITH `@JsonUnwrapped` \u2192 fully populated (bypass). The fix the creator path already received, not applied to the regular-property method.\n\n## Impact \u2014 write-side mass-assignment / privilege escalation\n`@JsonView` is commonly used as a write-side authorization guard: a public endpoint binds the body under `readerWithView(PublicView.class)` and groups privileged state in a nested object whose container property is `@JsonView(AdminView)`. When that property is `@JsonUnwrapped`, an untrusted caller mass-assigns it. PoC: a self-service registration where `AccountFlags{role,approved,creditBalance}` is `@JsonView(AdminView) @JsonUnwrapped`; attacker JSON `{role:ADMIN,approved:true,creditBalance:1000000}` under `PublicView` binds all three \u2192 approved admin with arbitrary balance. The failing gate is a WRITE gate, hence integrity-high (`C:N/I:H/A:N`); no worse than the C:L/I:L parent and arguably higher as `@JsonView`-as-write-guard is the exact use case #5971/#5969 defended.\n\n## Affected\n- `com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind` 2.x: confirmed bypass at 21dd70dd (== released 2.21.4 / 2.22.0 line; includes the #5973 backport). `DEFAULT_VIEW_INCLUSION` default=true.\n- `tools.jackson.core:jackson-databind` 3.x: confirmed bypass at HEAD 7a5939d6 (latest 3.x). `DEFAULT_VIEW_INCLUSION` default=false \u2192 the stock-config repro is the common shape where privileged inner fields are individually `@JsonView(PublicView)` and the developer relies on the container `@JsonView(AdminView)`; the 3.x PoC mass-assigns role/approved/creditBalance under PublicView. (The other simultaneous report\u0027s PoC was reportedly fixed on 3.x; this distinct container-property path is not.)\n\n## Additive variants (runtime-confirmed both branches; all closed by the same one-line guard)\n- nested `@JsonUnwrapped` (unwrapped-in-unwrapped) \u2014 recursive bypass.\n- merge / `readerWithView(...).withValueToUpdate(...)` (PATCH/partial-update) \u2014 bypass; non-unwrapped merge control gates correctly.\n- builder-based deserializer (`@JsonDeserialize(builder=...)`) \u2014 `BuilderBasedDeserializer` routes through the same `processUnwrapped`.\n- Honest non-findings: read-side serialization correctly honors views (no leak); `@JsonAnySetter`+view and `@JsonTypeInfo`+`@JsonUnwrapped` are separate/unsupported behaviors, not this bug.\n\n## Fix\nAdd `prop.visibleInView(ctxt.getActiveView())` (when `MapperFeature.DEFAULT_VIEW_INCLUSION`/active-view applies) to the `processUnwrapped()` property loop, mirroring `processUnwrappedCreatorProperties()`. One change closes the impact PoC + all three variants across `BeanDeserializer` and `BuilderBasedDeserializer`. Full runnable PoCs (2.x + 3.x) + variant harnesses available on request.",
  "id": "GHSA-5gvw-p9qm-jgwh",
  "modified": "2026-07-21T22:00:43Z",
  "published": "2026-07-21T22:00:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-databind/security/advisories/GHSA-5gvw-p9qm-jgwh"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-59889"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-databind/issues/6060"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-databind/pull/6056"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-databind/commit/d627a8a86fcb062429282f79f3f256f181ed2c7b"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-databind"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "jackson-databind: @JsonView ypassed for @JsonUnwrapped container properties on deserialization"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-31134"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-03-28T15:15:46Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In JetBrains TeamCity before 2024.03 authenticated users without administrative permissions could register other users when self-registration was disabled",
  "id": "GHSA-5gww-24v3-qcfw",
  "modified": "2024-03-28T15:30:34Z",
  "published": "2024-03-28T15:30:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-31134"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/privacy-security/issues-fixed"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "fastmcp"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.14.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-69196"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-16T15:14:55Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-16T19:16:14Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "While testing the OAuth Proxy implementation, it was noticed that the server does not properly respect the `resource` parameter submitted by the client in the authorization and token request. Instead of issuing the token explicitly for this MCP server, the token is issued for the `base_url` passed to the `OAuthProxy` during initialization. \n\n**Affected File:**\n*https://github.com/jlowin/fastmcp/blob/main/src/fastmcp/server/auth/oauth_proxy.py#L828*\n\n**Affected Code:**\n```python\nself._jwt_issuer: JWTIssuer = JWTIssuer(\n    issuer=str(self.base_url),\n    audience=f\"{str(self.base_url).rstrip(\u0027/\u0027)}/mcp\",\n    signing_key=jwt_signing_key,\n)\n```\n\nSince the issued access and refresh tokens do not include information about the resource the token was issued for, it is impossible for the MCP server to properly verify whether the token was issued for it, hence violating the requirement of doing so demanded by the [specification](https://mcp.mintlify.app/specification/2025-11-25/basic/authorization#token-audience-binding-and-validation). Being able to verify whether the token was issued for the target MCP server enforces the protections offered by the steps proposed by the specification and the Resource Indicators OAuth extension.\n\nTherefore, this misconfiguration exposes all MCP server setups using the FastMCP OAuth Proxy to an attack where an adversary creates a malicious MCP server that advertises the benign OAuth Proxy authorization server as its own authorization server. Once a victim completes an OAuth flow with this malicious MCP server, authenticating against the AS, the adversary can extract the token received at the malicious MCP server and use it to access other MCP servers (the benign ones) that also use the same AS, including the tools and resources they expose.\n\n**Steps to reproduce:**\n1. Extract the provided [PoC environment](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/23839983/improper_resource_validation_fastmcp.tgz).\n2. Enter the *client_id* and *client_secret* of a GitHub App you control into the `mcp-server-proxy.py` script.\n3. Start the benign MCP server using an OAuth Proxy (in this case the *GitHubProvider*): `python3 mcp-server-proxy.py`.\n4. Start the malicious AS: `python3 mal_auth_server.py`.\n5. Start the malicious MCP server: `python3 attacker_server.py`.\n6. Connect the client to the malicious MCP server: `python3 client.py`.\n7. Complete the OAuth flow.\n8. Observe in the logs of the malicious MCP server that the request to the benign MCP server with the stolen token returned a 200 status code.\n\n## Impact\n\nThis vulnerability allows an adversary to steal a victim\u2019s authentication material for a benign MCP server using the FastMCP OAuth Proxy. The severity of this issue was decreased to _Medium_ due to the consent screen showing the name of the MCP server the OAuth Proxy was intended for. However, a victim might not see it or get otherwise convinced by the attacker to ignore it, and overall this does not act as a proper mitigation for this issue.\n\n## Mitigation\n\nTo mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to issue tokens specifically for the MCP server submitted in the authorization URL\u2019s `resource` GET parameter. In this way, the receiving MCP server will be able to properly verify that the token was indeed issued for it, allowing it to reject tokens stolen by an attack like the one demonstrated above.",
  "id": "GHSA-5h2m-4q8j-pqpj",
  "modified": "2026-03-16T21:55:10Z",
  "published": "2026-03-16T15:14:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/PrefectHQ/fastmcp/security/advisories/GHSA-5h2m-4q8j-pqpj"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-69196"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/PrefectHQ/fastmcp"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "FastMCP OAuth Proxy token reuse across MCP servers"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2026.3.24"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.3.28"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-41344"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-31T23:57:34Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nThe `chat.send` path let authorized write-scoped callers persist `/verbose` session overrides even though the same stored session mutation is admin-only through `sessions.patch`.\n\n## Impact\n\nA write-scoped gateway caller could persist verbose output for later runs and expose more reasoning or tool output than the operator intended.\n\n## Affected Component\n\n`src/auto-reply/reply/directive-handling.impl.ts, src/gateway/sessions-patch.ts`\n\n## Fixed Versions\n\n- Affected: `\u003c= 2026.3.24`\n- Patched: `\u003e= 2026.3.28`\n- Latest stable `2026.3.28` contains the fix.\n\n## Fix\n\nFixed by commit `c603123528` (`fix(gateway): require admin for persisted verbose defaults`).",
  "id": "GHSA-5h2w-qmfp-ggp6",
  "modified": "2026-05-08T18:13:33Z",
  "published": "2026-03-31T23:57:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-5h2w-qmfp-ggp6"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41344"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/c6031235288a8d3bdf2243bd974340d8c8045bc2"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-privilege-escalation-via-chat-send-verbose-parameter"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw: Gateway `operator.write` can reach admin-only persisted `verboseLevel` via `chat.send` `/verbose`"
}