CWE-862

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-32515"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-04-17T08:15:07Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Qamar Sheeraz, Nasir Ahmad Mega Addons For Elementor.This issue affects Mega Addons For Elementor: from n/a through 1.8.",
  "id": "GHSA-8ff3-f42j-2xxj",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:34:45Z",
  "published": "2024-04-17T09:30:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-32515"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/ultimate-addons-for-elementor/wordpress-mega-addons-for-elementor-plugin-1-8-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-37967"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-13T15:15:18Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Designinvento DirectoryPress allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects DirectoryPress: from n/a through 3.6.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-8fg5-f59f-ph4f",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:35:24Z",
  "published": "2024-12-13T15:30:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-37967"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/directorypress/vulnerability/wordpress-directorypress-plugin-3-6-2-unauthenticated-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-37542"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-07-06T13:15:10Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in WpDevArt Responsive Image Gallery, Gallery Album.This issue affects Responsive Image Gallery, Gallery Album: from n/a through 2.0.3.",
  "id": "GHSA-8fg5-fmj3-f344",
  "modified": "2024-07-06T15:30:57Z",
  "published": "2024-07-06T15:30:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-37542"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/gallery-album/wordpress-gallery-image-and-video-gallery-with-thumbnails-plugin-2-0-3-broken-access-control-vulnerability-2?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-11758"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-04T05:16:02Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The All in One Time Clock Lite plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access due to a missing authorization check in all versions up to, and including, 2.0.3. This is due  to the plugin exposing admin-level AJAX actions to unauthenticated users via wp_ajax_nopriv_ hooks, while relying only on a nonce check without capability checks. This makes it possible for  unauthenticated attackers to create published pages, create shift records with integrity issues, and download time reports containing PII (employee names and work schedules).",
  "id": "GHSA-8fg7-5vqq-795m",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T18:33:57Z",
  "published": "2025-11-04T06:31:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11758"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/aio-time-clock-lite/tags/2.0.1/aio-time-clock-lite-actions.php#L1447"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/aio-time-clock-lite/tags/2.0.1/aio-time-clock-lite-actions.php#L26"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/aio-time-clock-lite/tags/2.0.1/aio-time-clock-lite-actions.php#L442"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3388144"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/28246279-ecd8-4731-a4cc-64a3a4167323?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-36888"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-12-15T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Unauthenticated Arbitrary Options Update vulnerability leading to full website compromise discovered in Image Hover Effects Ultimate (versions \u003c= 9.6.1) WordPress plugin.",
  "id": "GHSA-8fjw-gv37-439q",
  "modified": "2022-10-27T19:00:29Z",
  "published": "2021-12-16T00:00:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-36888"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/image-hover-effects-ultimate/wordpress-image-hover-effects-ultimate-plugin-9-6-1-unauthenticated-arbitrary-options-update-leading-to-full-website-compromise"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/image-hover-effects-ultimate/#developers"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-0076"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-04T19:15:34Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "In multiple locations, there is a possible way to view icons belonging to another user due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
  "id": "GHSA-8fm3-mpc3-qf9v",
  "modified": "2025-09-05T18:31:19Z",
  "published": "2025-09-04T21:31:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-0076"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/d6ad7f34eaf5f0452b93a650265ee432288c0978"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2025-09-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-3243"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-04-16T13:15:11Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Customer Reviews for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized email sending due to a missing capability check on the send_test_email() function in all versions up to, and including, 5.46.0. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to send arbitrary test emails.",
  "id": "GHSA-8fp3-w5p8-ppf5",
  "modified": "2024-04-16T15:30:25Z",
  "published": "2024-04-16T15:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-3243"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/customer-reviews-woocommerce/trunk/includes/settings/class-cr-settings-review-discount.php#L506"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3069811/customer-reviews-woocommerce/trunk/includes/settings/class-cr-settings-review-discount.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/a0e80e63-f4f7-44cc-ae29-72e7847d7448?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.32.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "avo"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.32.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "avo"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.0.0.beta.1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.0.0.beta.51"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-55518"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-639",
      "CWE-862",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-17T18:49:11Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nA critical missing authorization flaw exists in Avo\u0027s association attach workflow. The UI and `GET /resources/:resource/:id/:related/new` path can check `attach_\u003cassociation\u003e?`, but the actual write endpoint, `POST /resources/:resource/:id/:related`, does not run the same authorization check before mutating the association.\n\nAs a result, an authenticated low-privileged Avo user can bypass hidden/disabled attach controls and directly attach related records to a parent record by sending a crafted POST request. In applications where associations represent teams, tenants, roles, projects, users, memberships, ownership, or other authorization-bearing relationships, this can lead to privilege escalation and cross-tenant data exposure.\n\n## Details\n\nThe association attach route writes relationships through `Avo::AssociationsController#create`:\n\n```ruby\n# config/routes.rb\npost \"/:resource_name/:id/:related_name\", to: \"associations#create\", as: \"associations_create\"\n```\n\nThe controller registers an attach authorization callback only for `new`, not for `create`:\n\n```ruby\n# app/controllers/avo/associations_controller.rb\nbefore_action :set_attachment_record, only: [:create, :destroy]\nbefore_action :authorize_index_action, only: :index\nbefore_action :authorize_attach_action, only: :new\nbefore_action :authorize_detach_action, only: :destroy\n```\n\nThe `new` action is only the form-rendering step. The actual mutation happens in `create`:\n\n```ruby\ndef create\n  if create_association\n    create_success_action\n  else\n    create_fail_action\n  end\nend\n```\n\n`create_association` then attaches the attacker-supplied related record to the parent:\n\n```ruby\ndef create_association\n  association_name = BaseResource.valid_association_name(@record, association_from_params)\n\n  perform_action_and_record_errors do\n    if through_reflection? \u0026\u0026 additional_params.present?\n      new_join_record.save\n    elsif has_many_reflection? || through_reflection?\n      @record.send(association_name) \u003c\u003c @attachment_record\n    else\n      @record.send(:\"#{association_name}=\", @attachment_record)\n      @record.save!\n    end\n  end\nend\n```\n\nThe only attach-specific authorization helper is:\n\n```ruby\ndef authorize_attach_action\n  authorize_if_defined \"attach_#{@field.id}?\"\nend\n```\n\nBecause this helper is bound only to `new`, a policy that denies `attach_users?`, `attach_teams?`, `attach_roles?`, or similar methods blocks the UI/form path but does not protect the write path.\n\nThis is inconsistent with the detach path, which does authorize the mutating `destroy` action:\n\n```ruby\nbefore_action :authorize_detach_action, only: :destroy\n```\n\nThe bug is especially dangerous because Avo already treats association authorization as an access-control boundary in UI components:\n\n```ruby\n# lib/avo/concerns/checks_assoc_authorization.rb\nmethod_name = :\"#{policy_method}_#{association_name}?\".to_sym\n\nif service.has_method?(method_name, raise_exception: false)\n  service.authorize_action(method_name, record:, raise_exception: false)\nelse\n  !Avo.configuration.explicit_authorization\nend\n```\n\nHowever, server-side enforcement is missing on the actual attach POST endpoint.\n\n## Proof of Concept\n\nPrerequisites:\n\n1. A Rails application mounts Avo, for example at `/admin`.\n2. Avo authorization is enabled.\n3. A low-privileged user can authenticate to Avo.\n4. A parent record and a related record are both reachable by ID.\n5. The relevant policy denies attaching the relationship, for example:\n\n```ruby\ndef attach_users?\n  false\nend\n```\n\nExample target scenario:\n\n- Parent resource: `projects`\n- Parent ID: `1`\n- Related association: `users`\n- Related user ID to attach: `42`\n- Expected policy: low-privileged users must not be able to attach users to projects.\n\nThe UI/form request may be blocked:\n\n```http\nGET /admin/resources/projects/1/users/new\n```\n\nBut the direct write endpoint can still be invoked:\n\n```http\nPOST /admin/resources/projects/1/users\nContent-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\n\nauthenticity_token=\u003cCSRF\u003e\u0026fields[related_id]=42\n```\n\nRun the attached PoC:\n\n```bash\npython poc_avo_association_attach_bypass.py \\\n  --base-url http://localhost:3000 \\\n  --avo-root /admin \\\n  --cookie \"_app_session=\u003cLOW_PRIVILEGED_SESSION_COOKIE\u003e\" \\\n  --parent-resource projects \\\n  --parent-id 1 \\\n  --related-name users \\\n  --related-id 42 \\\n  --check-new\n```\n\nIf `GET /new` is forbidden or redirected but the direct POST succeeds, the authorization bypass is confirmed.\n\nTo perform the actual attach:\n\n```bash\npython poc_avo_association_attach_bypass.py \\\n  --base-url http://localhost:3000 \\\n  --avo-root /admin \\\n  --cookie \"_app_session=\u003cLOW_PRIVILEGED_SESSION_COOKIE\u003e\" \\\n  --parent-resource projects \\\n  --parent-id 1 \\\n  --related-name users \\\n  --related-id 42 \\\n  --confirm-attach\n```\n\nExpected vulnerable result:\n\n- The low-privileged user can attach the related record despite `attach_\u003cassociation\u003e?` being denied.\n- The parent record now includes the related record.\n\n## Impact\n\nThis vulnerability allows unauthorized relationship manipulation through Avo.\n\nDepending on the affected association, the impact can include:\n\n- Privilege escalation by attaching a user to an admin group, privileged project, tenant, organization, role, or membership record.\n- Cross-tenant data exposure when tenant/user/project membership determines record visibility.\n- Integrity loss by changing ownership, assignment, access-control relationships, or business workflow state.\n- Policy bypass even when Avo UI controls correctly hide the attach button or deny the attach form.\n\n## Recommended Fix\n\nEnforce attach authorization on the mutating endpoint.\n\nAt minimum:\n\n```ruby\nbefore_action :authorize_attach_action, only: [:new, :create]\n```\n\nAdditionally:\n\n1. Authorize against the parent record and the selected related record before writing the relationship.\n2. Ensure `create` fails closed when `attach_\u003cassociation\u003e?` is missing and `explicit_authorization` is enabled.\n3. Add regression tests that directly POST to `/resources/:resource_name/:id/:related_name` while `attach_\u003cassociation\u003e?` returns `false`.\n4. Verify `has_many`, `has_one`, `has_many :through`, and `has_and_belongs_to_many` association paths all enforce the same server-side authorization.",
  "id": "GHSA-8fq9-273g-6mrg",
  "modified": "2026-06-17T18:49:11Z",
  "published": "2026-06-17T18:49:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/avo-hq/avo/security/advisories/GHSA-8fq9-273g-6mrg"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/avo-hq/avo"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Avo: Missing Authorization in Avo Association Attach Endpoint Allows Unauthorized Relationship Manipulation and Privilege Escalation"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-43974"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-01T15:15:50Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in CozyThemes ReviveNews allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects ReviveNews: from n/a through 1.0.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-8fqh-h88g-3x9c",
  "modified": "2024-11-01T15:32:00Z",
  "published": "2024-11-01T15:32:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-43974"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/revivenews/wordpress-revivenews-theme-1-0-2-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-62738"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-09T16:18:02Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in mmattax Formstack Online Forms formstack allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Formstack Online Forms: from n/a through \u003c= 2.0.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-8fvq-g6jm-836r",
  "modified": "2026-01-20T15:32:02Z",
  "published": "2025-12-09T18:30:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62738"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/formstack/vulnerability/wordpress-formstack-online-forms-plugin-2-0-2-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/formstack/vulnerability/wordpress-formstack-online-forms-plugin-2-0-2-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}