CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
14554 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-89HH-MCQJ-CQFG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-01 15:31 – Updated: 2024-11-01 15:31Missing Authorization vulnerability in Meks Meks Video Importer allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Meks Video Importer: from n/a through 1.0.12.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-38733"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-01T15:15:33Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Meks Meks Video Importer allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Meks Video Importer: from n/a through 1.0.12.",
"id": "GHSA-89hh-mcqj-cqfg",
"modified": "2024-11-01T15:31:58Z",
"published": "2024-11-01T15:31:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38733"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/meks-video-importer/wordpress-meks-video-importer-plugin-1-0-11-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-89P6-5P4M-H2PV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-13 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:35Missing Authorization vulnerability in bqworks Accordion Slider allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Accordion Slider: from n/a through 1.9.6.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-40331"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-13T15:15:21Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in bqworks Accordion Slider allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Accordion Slider: from n/a through 1.9.6.",
"id": "GHSA-89p6-5p4m-h2pv",
"modified": "2026-04-28T21:35:25Z",
"published": "2024-12-13T15:30:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-40331"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/accordion-slider/vulnerability/wordpress-accordion-slider-plugin-1-9-6-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-89QM-72JR-4H8F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-09 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:32Missing Authorization vulnerability in GSheetConnector by WesternDeal WPForms Google Sheet Connector gsheetconnector-wpforms allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects WPForms Google Sheet Connector: from n/a through <= 4.0.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-67570"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-09T16:18:33Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in GSheetConnector by WesternDeal WPForms Google Sheet Connector gsheetconnector-wpforms allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects WPForms Google Sheet Connector: from n/a through \u003c= 4.0.0.",
"id": "GHSA-89qm-72jr-4h8f",
"modified": "2026-01-20T15:32:12Z",
"published": "2025-12-09T18:30:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-67570"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/gsheetconnector-wpforms/vulnerability/wordpress-wpforms-google-sheet-connector-plugin-4-0-0-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/gsheetconnector-wpforms/vulnerability/wordpress-wpforms-google-sheet-connector-plugin-4-0-0-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-89R5-8VMX-VFXJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-15 09:31 – Updated: 2026-05-15 09:31The FOX – Currency Switcher Professional for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized data loss due to a missing capability check on the 'admin_head' function in all versions up to, and including, 1.4.5. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to delete the entire multi-currency configuration by visiting any wp-admin page with the woocs_reset parameter appended. Additionally, because no nonce is verified, this is also exploitable via Cross-Site Request Forgery against any administrator. The vulnerability may also be exploited by Subscriber-level users if the site is configured to allow Subscriber access to 'wp-admin' pages.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-4094"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-15T07:16:20Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The FOX \u2013 Currency Switcher Professional for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized data loss due to a missing capability check on the \u0027admin_head\u0027 function in all versions up to, and including, 1.4.5. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to delete the entire multi-currency configuration by visiting any wp-admin page with the `woocs_reset` parameter appended. Additionally, because no nonce is verified, this is also exploitable via Cross-Site Request Forgery against any administrator. The vulnerability may also be exploited by Subscriber-level users if the site is configured to allow Subscriber access to \u0027wp-admin\u0027 pages.",
"id": "GHSA-89r5-8vmx-vfxj",
"modified": "2026-05-15T09:31:32Z",
"published": "2026-05-15T09:31:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4094"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/woocommerce-currency-switcher/trunk/classes/woocs.php#L1167"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/woocommerce-currency-switcher/trunk/classes/woocs.php#L1168"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3483839"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/6eb9d68c-c081-484e-ad5d-5eabcfa6d6f0?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-89VF-MF66-FRGW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-11 03:30 – Updated: 2025-02-11 03:30Due to missing authorization check, an authenticated attacker could call a remote-enabled function module which allows them to access data that they would otherwise not have access to. The attacker cannot modify data or impact the availability of the system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-23190"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-11T01:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Due to missing authorization check, an authenticated attacker could call a remote-enabled function module which allows them to access data that they would otherwise not have access to. The attacker cannot modify data or impact the availability of the system.",
"id": "GHSA-89vf-mf66-frgw",
"modified": "2025-02-11T03:30:55Z",
"published": "2025-02-11T03:30:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23190"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3547581"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-89VH-9HFJ-X469
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-02 21:30 – Updated: 2024-01-08 21:30An issue in SpringBlade v.3.7.0 and before allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via the lack of permissions control framework.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-47458"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-02T21:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue in SpringBlade v.3.7.0 and before allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via the lack of permissions control framework.",
"id": "GHSA-89vh-9hfj-x469",
"modified": "2024-01-08T21:30:32Z",
"published": "2024-01-02T21:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-47458"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/Mr-F0reigner/b05487f5ca52d17e214fffd6e1e0312a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitee.com/smallc/SpringBlade"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://springblade.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-89WQ-8X6H-QWCM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-08 12:30 – Updated: 2025-04-08 12:30The Vayu Blocks – Gutenberg Blocks for WordPress & WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access and modification of data due to missing capability checks on the 'vayu_blocks_get_toggle_switch_values_callback' and 'vayu_blocks_save_toggle_switch_callback' function in versions 1.0.4 to 1.2.1. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to read plugin options and update any option with a key name ending in '_value'.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-2568"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-08T12:15:15Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Vayu Blocks \u2013 Gutenberg Blocks for WordPress \u0026 WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access and modification of data due to missing capability checks on the \u0027vayu_blocks_get_toggle_switch_values_callback\u0027 and \u0027vayu_blocks_save_toggle_switch_callback\u0027 function in versions 1.0.4 to 1.2.1. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to read plugin options and update any option with a key name ending in \u0027_value\u0027.",
"id": "GHSA-89wq-8x6h-qwcm",
"modified": "2025-04-08T12:30:35Z",
"published": "2025-04-08T12:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-2568"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/vayu-blocks/trunk/inc/function.php#L126"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/vayu-blocks/trunk/inc/function.php#L133"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/vayu-blocks/trunk/inc/function.php#L139"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/vayu-blocks/trunk/inc/function.php#L182"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3263702"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/27ca93a1-3dfc-4bbd-834a-1c04d9e22ebf?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8C3V-8QC8-F9H3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-31 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36Missing Authorization vulnerability in WP Grids EasyTest allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects EasyTest: from n/a through 1.0.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-63031"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-31T15:15:54Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in WP Grids EasyTest allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects EasyTest: from n/a through 1.0.1.",
"id": "GHSA-8c3v-8qc8-f9h3",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:27Z",
"published": "2025-12-31T15:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-63031"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/convertpro/vulnerability/wordpress-easytest-plugin-1-0-1-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/convertpro/vulnerability/wordpress-easytest-plugin-1-0-1-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8C4J-F57C-35CF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-27 19:36 – Updated: 2026-03-27 21:52Vulnerability
IDOR in GET/PATCH/DELETE /api/v1/flow/{flow_id}
The _read_flow helper in src/backend/base/langflow/api/v1/flows.py branched on the AUTO_LOGIN setting to decide whether to filter by user_id. When AUTO_LOGIN was False (i.e., authentication was enabled), neither branch enforced an ownership check — the query returned any flow matching the given UUID regardless of who owned it.
This exposed any authenticated user to:
- Read any other user's flow, including embedded plaintext API keys
- Modify the logic of another user's AI agents
- Delete flows belonging to other users
The vulnerability was introduced by the conditional logic that was meant to accommodate public/example flows (those with user_id = NULL) under auto-login mode, but inadvertently left the authenticated path without an ownership filter.
Fix (PR #8956)
The fix removes the AUTO_LOGIN conditional entirely and unconditionally scopes the query to the requesting user:
- auth_settings = settings_service.auth_settings
- stmt = select(Flow).where(Flow.id == flow_id)
- if auth_settings.AUTO_LOGIN:
- stmt = stmt.where(
- (Flow.user_id == user_id) | (Flow.user_id == None) # noqa: E711
- )
+ stmt = select(Flow).where(Flow.id == flow_id).where(Flow.user_id == user_id)
All three operations — read, update, and delete — route through _read_flow, so the single change covers the full attack surface. A cross-user isolation test (test_read_flows_user_isolation) was added to prevent regression.
Acknowledgements
Langflow thanks the security researcher who responsibly disclosed this vulnerability:
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.5.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "langflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.5.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.5.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "langflow-base"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.5.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-34046"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-27T19:36:23Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-27T21:17:27Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Vulnerability\n\n### IDOR in `GET/PATCH/DELETE /api/v1/flow/{flow_id}`\n\nThe `_read_flow` helper in `src/backend/base/langflow/api/v1/flows.py` branched on the `AUTO_LOGIN` setting to decide whether to filter by `user_id`. When `AUTO_LOGIN` was `False` (i.e., authentication was enabled), neither branch enforced an ownership check \u2014 the query returned any flow matching the given UUID regardless of who owned it.\n\nThis exposed any authenticated user to:\n\n- **Read** any other user\u0027s flow, including embedded plaintext API keys\n- **Modify** the logic of another user\u0027s AI agents\n- **Delete** flows belonging to other users\n\nThe vulnerability was introduced by the conditional logic that was meant to accommodate public/example flows (those with `user_id = NULL`) under auto-login mode, but inadvertently left the authenticated path without an ownership filter.\n\n---\n\n## Fix (PR #8956)\n\nThe fix removes the `AUTO_LOGIN` conditional entirely and unconditionally scopes the query to the requesting user:\n\n```diff\n- auth_settings = settings_service.auth_settings\n- stmt = select(Flow).where(Flow.id == flow_id)\n- if auth_settings.AUTO_LOGIN:\n- stmt = stmt.where(\n- (Flow.user_id == user_id) | (Flow.user_id == None) # noqa: E711\n- )\n+ stmt = select(Flow).where(Flow.id == flow_id).where(Flow.user_id == user_id)\n```\n\nAll three operations \u2014 read, update, and delete \u2014 route through `_read_flow`, so the single change covers the full attack surface. A cross-user isolation test (`test_read_flows_user_isolation`) was added to prevent regression.\n\n---\n\n## Acknowledgements\n\nLangflow thanks the security researcher who responsibly disclosed this vulnerability:\n\n- **[@chximn-dt](https://github.com/chximn-dt)**",
"id": "GHSA-8c4j-f57c-35cf",
"modified": "2026-03-27T21:52:39Z",
"published": "2026-03-27T19:36:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/langflow-ai/langflow/security/advisories/GHSA-8c4j-f57c-35cf"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-34046"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/langflow-ai/langflow/pull/8956"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/langflow-ai/langflow"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Langflow: Authenticated Users Can Read, Modify, and Delete Any Flow via Missing Ownership Check"
}
GHSA-8C4X-5XX5-W877
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:08 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:08SAP NetWeaver Guided Procedures (Administration Workset), versions - 7.10, 7.20, 7.30, 7.31, 7.40, 7.50, does not perform necessary authorization checks for an authenticated user, resulting in escalation of privileges. The impact of missing authorization could result to abuse of functionality restricted to a particular user group, and could allow unauthorized users to read, modify or delete restricted data.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-33671"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-07-14T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "SAP NetWeaver Guided Procedures (Administration Workset), versions - 7.10, 7.20, 7.30, 7.31, 7.40, 7.50, does not perform necessary authorization checks for an authenticated user, resulting in escalation of privileges. The impact of missing authorization could result to abuse of functionality restricted to a particular user group, and could allow unauthorized users to read, modify or delete restricted data.",
"id": "GHSA-8c4x-5xx5-w877",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:08:04Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:08:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-33671"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/3059446"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.scn.sap.com/wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=580617506"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.