CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
14536 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-82Q6-C2H2-C2G4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:01 – Updated: 2022-08-06 00:00Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco SD-WAN vManage Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code or gain access to sensitive information, or allow an authenticated, local attacker to gain escalated privileges or gain unauthorized access to the application. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1505"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-269",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-06T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco SD-WAN vManage Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code or gain access to sensitive information, or allow an authenticated, local attacker to gain escalated privileges or gain unauthorized access to the application. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.",
"id": "GHSA-82q6-c2h2-c2g4",
"modified": "2022-08-06T00:00:45Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:01:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1505"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-sd-wan-vmanage-4TbynnhZ"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-82QV-M4QC-PR8G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-20 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:35Missing Authorization vulnerability in upstreamplugin UpStream: a Project Management Plugin for WordPress allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects UpStream: a Project Management Plugin for WordPress: from n/a through 2.1.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-49974"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-20T15:15:22Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in upstreamplugin UpStream: a Project Management Plugin for WordPress allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects UpStream: a Project Management Plugin for WordPress: from n/a through 2.1.0.",
"id": "GHSA-82qv-m4qc-pr8g",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:35:30Z",
"published": "2025-06-20T15:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49974"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/upstream/vulnerability/wordpress-upstream-a-project-management-plugin-for-wordpress-plugin-2-1-0-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-82QX-6VJ7-P8M2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-17 21:58 – Updated: 2026-05-08 01:32Summary
Channel setup catalog lookups could include untrusted workspace plugin shadows.
Affected Packages / Versions
- Package:
openclaw - Ecosystem: npm
- Affected versions:
< 2026.4.10 - Patched versions:
>= 2026.4.10
Impact
Channel setup could resolve a workspace plugin shadow before a bundled channel plugin, causing setup-time plugin loading without the intended trust gate.
Technical Details
The fix routes setup catalog lookups through trusted catalog paths and uses excludeWorkspace: true where setup should not include workspace shadows.
Fix
The issue was fixed in the advisory fix branch. The first stable tag containing the fix is v2026.4.10, and openclaw@2026.4.14 includes the fix.
Fix Commit(s)
1fede43b948df40ca8674511d4bd08d39f6c5837- PR: private advisory fork
Release Process Note
Users should upgrade to openclaw 2026.4.10 or newer. The latest npm release, 2026.4.14, already includes the fix.
Credits
Thanks to @zsxsoft, with sponsorship from @KeenSecurityLab and @qclawer for reporting this issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openclaw"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.4.10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-43571"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-829",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-17T21:58:46Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-05T12:16:20Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nChannel setup catalog lookups could include untrusted workspace plugin shadows.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n\n- Package: `openclaw`\n- Ecosystem: npm\n- Affected versions: `\u003c 2026.4.10`\n- Patched versions: `\u003e= 2026.4.10`\n\n## Impact\n\nChannel setup could resolve a workspace plugin shadow before a bundled channel plugin, causing setup-time plugin loading without the intended trust gate.\n\n## Technical Details\n\nThe fix routes setup catalog lookups through trusted catalog paths and uses `excludeWorkspace: true` where setup should not include workspace shadows.\n\n## Fix\n\nThe issue was fixed in the advisory fix branch. The first stable tag containing the fix is `v2026.4.10`, and `openclaw@2026.4.14` includes the fix.\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n\n- `1fede43b948df40ca8674511d4bd08d39f6c5837`\n- PR: private advisory fork\n\n## Release Process Note\n\nUsers should upgrade to `openclaw` 2026.4.10 or newer. The latest npm release, `2026.4.14`, already includes the fix.\n\n## Credits\n\nThanks to @zsxsoft, with sponsorship from @KeenSecurityLab and @qclawer for reporting this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-82qx-6vj7-p8m2",
"modified": "2026-05-08T01:32:48Z",
"published": "2026-04-17T21:58:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-82qx-6vj7-p8m2"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-43571"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/1fede43b948df40ca8674511d4bd08d39f6c5837"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-untrusted-workspace-plugin-shadow-resolution-in-channel-setup"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "OpenClaw: Channel setup catalog lookups could include untrusted workspace plugin shadows"
}
GHSA-82R3-68H3-QR79
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-08 06:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 21:32The Minimal Coming Soon – Coming Soon Page plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the validate_ajax, deactivate_ajax, and save_ajax functions in all versions up to, and including, 2.38. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to edit the license key, which could disable features of the plugin.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-5087"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-08T06:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Minimal Coming Soon \u2013 Coming Soon Page plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the validate_ajax, deactivate_ajax, and save_ajax functions in all versions up to, and including, 2.38. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to edit the license key, which could disable features of the plugin.",
"id": "GHSA-82r3-68h3-qr79",
"modified": "2026-04-08T21:32:45Z",
"published": "2024-06-08T06:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-5087"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/CRLF%20Injection/README.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/minimal-coming-soon-maintenance-mode/tags/2.38/framework/wf-licensing.php#L51"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/minimal-coming-soon-maintenance-mode/tags/2.38/framework/wf-licensing.php#L52"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/minimal-coming-soon-maintenance-mode/tags/2.38/framework/wf-licensing.php#L54"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/minimal-coming-soon-maintenance-mode/tags/2.38/framework/wf-licensing.php#L561"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/minimal-coming-soon-maintenance-mode/tags/2.38/framework/wf-licensing.php#L585"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/minimal-coming-soon-maintenance-mode/tags/2.38/framework/wf-licensing.php#L596"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3099123"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/affdaf63-2098-4ad6-b15b-990d1941fecb?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-82RM-QCFX-2V78
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-06 21:31 – Updated: 2026-05-12 16:18Duplicate Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-r77c-2cmr-7p47. This link is maintained to preserve external references.
Original Description
OpenClaw versions 2026.4.10 before 2026.4.14 fail to persist session context during delivery queue recovery for media replay. Attackers can exploit recovered queued outbound media to bypass group tool policy enforcement and weaken channel media restrictions after service restart or recovery.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openclaw"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2026.4.10"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.4.14"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-12T16:18:04Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-06T20:16:34Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-r77c-2cmr-7p47. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n### Original Description\nOpenClaw versions 2026.4.10 before 2026.4.14 fail to persist session context during delivery queue recovery for media replay. Attackers can exploit recovered queued outbound media to bypass group tool policy enforcement and weaken channel media restrictions after service restart or recovery.",
"id": "GHSA-82rm-qcfx-2v78",
"modified": "2026-05-12T16:18:04Z",
"published": "2026-05-06T21:31:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-r77c-2cmr-7p47"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-43583"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/48aae82bbc19ba8b0741e61a08063eb0d1df464e"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-loss-of-group-tool-policy-context-in-delivery-queue-recovery"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Duplicate Advisory: OpenClaw: Delivery queue recovery could lose group tool-policy context for media replay",
"withdrawn": "2026-05-12T16:18:04Z"
}
GHSA-82VF-3973-8G6R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-05 09:31 – Updated: 2026-05-05 09:31The User Registration & Membership plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the embed_form_action() function in all versions up to, and including, 5.1.4. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to append shortcode content to arbitrary pages they do not own or have permission to edit.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-3601"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-05T09:16:03Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The User Registration \u0026 Membership plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the `embed_form_action()` function in all versions up to, and including, 5.1.4. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to append shortcode content to arbitrary pages they do not own or have permission to edit.",
"id": "GHSA-82vf-3973-8g6r",
"modified": "2026-05-05T09:31:55Z",
"published": "2026-05-05T09:31:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-3601"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/user-registration/tags/5.1.2/includes/admin/class-ur-admin-assets.php#L370"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/user-registration/tags/5.1.2/includes/class-ur-ajax.php#L1003"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/user-registration/trunk/includes/admin/class-ur-admin-assets.php#L370"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/user-registration/trunk/includes/class-ur-ajax.php#L1003"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3485702/user-registration/trunk/includes/class-ur-ajax.php?contextall=1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/c8798fb2-4cab-4960-9e32-fd74bb4a5091?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8322-72RX-9JRP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:17 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:17A remote disclosure of sensitive information vulnerability was discovered in Aruba ClearPass Policy Manager version(s): ClearPass Policy Manager 6.10.x prior to 6.10.2 - - ClearPass Policy Manager 6.9.x prior to 6.9.7-HF1 - - ClearPass Policy Manager 6.8.x prior to 6.8.9-HF1. Aruba has released patches for ClearPass Policy Manager that address this security vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-37738"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-15T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A remote disclosure of sensitive information vulnerability was discovered in Aruba ClearPass Policy Manager version(s): ClearPass Policy Manager 6.10.x prior to 6.10.2 - - ClearPass Policy Manager 6.9.x prior to 6.9.7-HF1 - - ClearPass Policy Manager 6.8.x prior to 6.8.9-HF1. Aruba has released patches for ClearPass Policy Manager that address this security vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-8322-72rx-9jrp",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:17:45Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:17:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-37738"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2021-018.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-8338-MHQF-CHQ3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-03 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34Missing Authorization vulnerability in enituretechnology Residential Address Detection allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Residential Address Detection: from n/a through 2.5.4.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-30916"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-03T14:15:34Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in enituretechnology Residential Address Detection allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Residential Address Detection: from n/a through 2.5.4.",
"id": "GHSA-8338-mhqf-chq3",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:27Z",
"published": "2025-04-03T15:31:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30916"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/residential-address-detection/vulnerability/wordpress-residential-address-detection-plugin-2-5-4-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-833Q-6RF3-P3GR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-26 03:30 – Updated: 2024-09-26 03:30Missing Authorization vulnerability in Supsystic Slider by Supsystic, Supsystic Social Share Buttons by Supsystic.This issue affects Slider by Supsystic: from n/a through 1.8.6; Social Share Buttons by Supsystic: from n/a through 2.2.9.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-47330"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-26T03:15:02Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Supsystic Slider by Supsystic, Supsystic Social Share Buttons by Supsystic.This issue affects Slider by Supsystic: from n/a through 1.8.6; Social Share Buttons by Supsystic: from n/a through 2.2.9.",
"id": "GHSA-833q-6rf3-p3gr",
"modified": "2024-09-26T03:30:40Z",
"published": "2024-09-26T03:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-47330"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/slider-by-supsystic/wordpress-slider-by-supsystic-plugin-1-8-6-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/social-share-buttons-by-supsystic/wordpress-social-share-buttons-by-supsystic-plugin-2-2-9-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-834W-WR98-FX86
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-15 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:52In multiple functions of multiple files, there is a possible way to bypass the DISALLOW_DEBUGGING_FEATURES restriction for tracing due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-11 Android-12 Android-12L Android-13Android ID: A-270050064
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-21123"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-15T19:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In multiple functions of multiple files, there is a possible way to bypass the DISALLOW_DEBUGGING_FEATURES restriction for tracing due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-11 Android-12 Android-12L Android-13Android ID: A-270050064",
"id": "GHSA-834w-wr98-fx86",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:52:17Z",
"published": "2023-06-15T21:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-21123"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2023-06-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.