Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

14602 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-6Q2P-WM97-X79G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-12 06:30 – Updated: 2023-02-21 18:30
VLAI
Details

In bluetooth driver, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-47367"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-200",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-02-12T04:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In bluetooth driver, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed.",
  "id": "GHSA-6q2p-wm97-x79g",
  "modified": "2023-02-21T18:30:16Z",
  "published": "2023-02-12T06:30:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-47367"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1621031430231134210"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6Q2V-HJXC-F9RP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-22 15:32 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:33
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Team118GROUP Team 118GROUP Agent allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Team 118GROUP Agent: from n/a through 1.6.0.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-23512"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-22T15:15:17Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Team118GROUP Team 118GROUP Agent allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Team 118GROUP Agent: from n/a through 1.6.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-6q2v-hjxc-f9rp",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:33:19Z",
  "published": "2025-01-22T15:32:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23512"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/team-118group-agent/vulnerability/wordpress-team-118group-agent-plugin-1-6-0-arbitrary-content-deletion-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6Q3C-88C9-5CW4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-24 21:30 – Updated: 2023-03-29 18:30
VLAI
Details

In getAvailabilityStatus of several Transcode Permission Controllers, there is a possible permission bypass due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-13Android ID: A-244569778

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-21015"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-03-24T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In getAvailabilityStatus of several Transcode Permission Controllers, there is a possible permission bypass due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-13Android ID: A-244569778",
  "id": "GHSA-6q3c-88c9-5cw4",
  "modified": "2023-03-29T18:30:28Z",
  "published": "2023-03-24T21:30:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-21015"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2023-03-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6Q4V-VWC9-RGQ7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:11 – Updated: 2026-02-25 18:31
VLAI
Details

In getAvailableSubscriptionInfoList of SubscriptionController.java, there is a possible disclosure of unique identifiers due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-8.1 Android-9 Android-10 Android-11Android ID: A-185235454

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-0641"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-08-17T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In getAvailableSubscriptionInfoList of SubscriptionController.java, there is a possible disclosure of unique identifiers due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-8.1 Android-9 Android-10 Android-11Android ID: A-185235454",
  "id": "GHSA-6q4v-vwc9-rgq7",
  "modified": "2026-02-25T18:31:18Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:11:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-0641"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2021-08-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6Q57-F535-3G3G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-18 06:32 – Updated: 2026-06-18 06:32
VLAI
Details

The Simple Membership plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in all versions up to, and including, 4.7.5. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized to perform an action. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to deactivate arbitrary member accounts by forging a charge.refunded webhook event containing a victim's subscription ID, setting the target member's account_state to 'inactive' and triggering cancellation hooks, transaction-record status changes, and cancellation notification emails. This vulnerability is exploitable only on installations where no Stripe webhook signing secret has been configured, which is the default out-of-the-box state; sites that have configured the stripe-webhook-signing-secret option are routed to the properly verified HMAC path and are not affected.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-12093"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-18T06:16:57Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Simple Membership plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in all versions up to, and including, 4.7.5. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized to perform an action. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to deactivate arbitrary member accounts by forging a charge.refunded webhook event containing a victim\u0027s subscription ID, setting the target member\u0027s account_state to \u0027inactive\u0027 and triggering cancellation hooks, transaction-record status changes, and cancellation notification emails. This vulnerability is exploitable only on installations where no Stripe webhook signing secret has been configured, which is the default out-of-the-box state; sites that have configured the stripe-webhook-signing-secret option are routed to the properly verified HMAC path and are not affected.",
  "id": "GHSA-6q57-f535-3g3g",
  "modified": "2026-06-18T06:32:21Z",
  "published": "2026-06-18T06:32:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-12093"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/simple-membership/tags/4.7.3/classes/class.swpm-wp-loaded-tasks.php#L96"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/simple-membership/tags/4.7.3/ipn/swpm-stripe-webhook-handler.php#L297"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/simple-membership/tags/4.7.3/ipn/swpm-stripe-webhook-handler.php#L71"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/simple-membership/tags/4.7.3/ipn/swpm_handle_subsc_ipn.php#L381"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/simple-membership/tags/4.7.4/classes/class.swpm-wp-loaded-tasks.php#L96"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/simple-membership/tags/4.7.4/ipn/swpm-stripe-webhook-handler.php#L297"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/simple-membership/tags/4.7.4/ipn/swpm-stripe-webhook-handler.php#L71"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/simple-membership/tags/4.7.4/ipn/swpm_handle_subsc_ipn.php#L381"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3573852%40simple-membership\u0026new=3573852%40simple-membership\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/2f91a7c3-ee0e-48e9-aa5f-dfc1160bbc09?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6Q5F-8R6W-6PMQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-22 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-22 21:33
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Element Invader Element Invader – Template Kits for Elementor elementinvader allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Element Invader – Template Kits for Elementor: from n/a through <= 1.2.4.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-24386"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-22T17:16:41Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Element Invader Element Invader \u0026#8211; Template Kits for Elementor elementinvader allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Element Invader \u0026#8211; Template Kits for Elementor: from n/a through \u003c= 1.2.4.",
  "id": "GHSA-6q5f-8r6w-6pmq",
  "modified": "2026-01-22T21:33:46Z",
  "published": "2026-01-22T18:30:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24386"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/elementinvader/vulnerability/wordpress-element-invader-template-kits-for-elementor-plugin-1-2-4-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6Q79-P96R-5CVQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-12 09:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:02
VLAI
Details

In opm service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-30925"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-07-12T09:15:11Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In opm service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed.",
  "id": "GHSA-6q79-p96r-5cvq",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T06:02:38Z",
  "published": "2023-07-12T09:30:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-30925"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1676902764208259073"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6Q7M-P8CC-998R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-16 09:30 – Updated: 2025-10-16 21:10
VLAI
Summary
Mattermost has a Missing Authorization vulnerability
Details

Mattermost versions 10.11.x <= 10.11.1, 10.10.x <= 10.10.2, 10.5.x <= 10.5.10 fail to verify a user has permission to join a Mattermost team using the original invite token which allows any attacked to join any team on a Mattermost server regardless of restrictions via manipulating the OAuth state.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/v8"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.0-20250807174701-e14175eb6539"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.11.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.11.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.10.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.10.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.5.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.5.11"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-58073"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-16T21:10:20Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-16T09:15:34Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Mattermost versions 10.11.x \u003c= 10.11.1, 10.10.x \u003c= 10.10.2, 10.5.x \u003c= 10.5.10 fail to verify a user has permission to join a Mattermost team using the original invite token which allows any attacked to join any team on a Mattermost server regardless of restrictions via manipulating the OAuth state.",
  "id": "GHSA-6q7m-p8cc-998r",
  "modified": "2025-10-16T21:10:20Z",
  "published": "2025-10-16T09:30:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58073"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost/commit/2096f975b2c0ebe95fb1078c3b1a527da574796d"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost/commit/39bd251fe4f66b7e847fc6d653221886347ff160"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost/commit/e14175eb65393bebc16dbb68a8105b3094b0f0dd"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://mattermost.com/security-updates"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Mattermost has a Missing Authorization vulnerability"
}

GHSA-6QC8-G56R-4G4H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:44 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:44
VLAI
Details

In Octopus Deploy before 4.1.3, the machine update process doesn't check that the user has access to all environments. This allows an access-control bypass because the set of environments to which a machine is scoped may include environments in which the user lacks access.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-17665"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-12-13T20:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In Octopus Deploy before 4.1.3, the machine update process doesn\u0027t check that the user has access to all environments. This allows an access-control bypass because the set of environments to which a machine is scoped may include environments in which the user lacks access.",
  "id": "GHSA-6qc8-g56r-4g4h",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:44:27Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:44:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-17665"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/OctopusDeploy/Issues/issues/4073"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6QCJ-7675-PVC9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-28 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:32
VLAI
Details

The WP Meta SEO plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized sitemap generation due to a missing capability check on the checkAllCategoryInSitemap function in versions up to, and including, 4.5.3. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers with subscriber-level access to obtain post categories. This vulnerability occurred as a result of the plugin relying on nonce checks as a means of access control, and that nonce being accessible to all authenticated users regardless of role.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-1027"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-02-28T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The WP Meta SEO plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized sitemap generation due to a missing capability check on the checkAllCategoryInSitemap function in versions up to, and including, 4.5.3. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers with subscriber-level access to obtain post categories. This vulnerability occurred as a result of the plugin relying on nonce checks as a means of access control, and that nonce being accessible to all authenticated users regardless of role.",
  "id": "GHSA-6qcj-7675-pvc9",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T18:32:02Z",
  "published": "2023-02-28T15:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-1027"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/2870465/wp-meta-seo/trunk?contextall=1\u0026old=2869205\u0026old_path=%2Fwp-meta-seo%2Ftrunk#file2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=2870465%40wp-meta-seo\u0026new=2870465%40wp-meta-seo\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/4f589e21-7417-4b43-b580-4f1d3c2041f4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/4f589e21-7417-4b43-b580-4f1d3c2041f4?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.