CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
14630 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-6J7R-4WH3-FFGH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:19 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:19The file transfer component of TIBCO Software Inc.'s TIBCO Managed File Transfer Platform Server for IBM i contains a vulnerability that theoretically allows an attacker to perform unauthorized network file transfers to and from the file system accessible to the affected component. This vulnerability is exploitable when the configuration option 'Require Node Resp' is set to 'No'. In the event of a successful exploit, the attacker could theoretically read and write any file on the file system accessible to the affected component, thus fully affecting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the operating system hosting the deployment of the affected system. Affected releases are TIBCO Software Inc.'s TIBCO Managed File Transfer Platform Server for IBM i: versions 7.1.0 and below, version 8.0.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-9411"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-06-09T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The file transfer component of TIBCO Software Inc.\u0027s TIBCO Managed File Transfer Platform Server for IBM i contains a vulnerability that theoretically allows an attacker to perform unauthorized network file transfers to and from the file system accessible to the affected component. This vulnerability is exploitable when the configuration option \u0027Require Node Resp\u0027 is set to \u0027No\u0027. In the event of a successful exploit, the attacker could theoretically read and write any file on the file system accessible to the affected component, thus fully affecting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the operating system hosting the deployment of the affected system. Affected releases are TIBCO Software Inc.\u0027s TIBCO Managed File Transfer Platform Server for IBM i: versions 7.1.0 and below, version 8.0.0.",
"id": "GHSA-6j7r-4wh3-ffgh",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:19:38Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:19:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-9411"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tibco.com/services/support/advisories"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tibco.com/support/advisories/2020/06/tibco-security-advisory-june-9-2020-tibco-managed-file-transfer-2020-9411"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-6J8H-GF2H-9MVH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-22 21:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36Missing Authorization vulnerability in Blocksera Image Hover Effects – Elementor Addon allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Image Hover Effects – Elementor Addon: from n/a through 1.4.4.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-57939"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-22T19:15:51Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Blocksera Image Hover Effects \u2013 Elementor Addon allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Image Hover Effects \u2013 Elementor Addon: from n/a through 1.4.4.",
"id": "GHSA-6j8h-gf2h-9mvh",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:11Z",
"published": "2025-09-22T21:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-57939"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/image-hover-effects-addon-for-elementor/vulnerability/wordpress-image-hover-effects-elementor-addon-plugin-1-4-4-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6J8V-HM8P-V3FF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-02 18:30 – Updated: 2024-05-02 18:30The ACF On-The-Go plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the acfg_update_fields() function in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.1. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to update arbitrary post titles, descriptions, and ACF values.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-3071"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-02T17:15:22Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The ACF On-The-Go plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the acfg_update_fields() function in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.1. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to update arbitrary post titles, descriptions, and ACF values.",
"id": "GHSA-6j8v-hm8p-v3ff",
"modified": "2024-05-02T18:30:53Z",
"published": "2024-05-02T18:30:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-3071"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/acf-on-the-go/trunk/includes/acfg-front-loader.php#L139"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/46df438c-abff-4cf3-a732-02e0b3196bac?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6J8V-VQM5-QG95
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-09 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:42The WP Activity Log plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass due to a missing capability check on the handle_ajax_call function in versions up to, and including, 4.5.0. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access or higher, to obtain a list of users with accounts on the site. This includes ids, usernames and emails.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-2261"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-09T13:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The WP Activity Log plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass due to a missing capability check on the handle_ajax_call function in versions up to, and including, 4.5.0. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access or higher, to obtain a list of users with accounts on the site. This includes ids, usernames and emails.",
"id": "GHSA-6j8v-vqm5-qg95",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:42:27Z",
"published": "2023-06-09T15:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2261"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-security-audit-log/trunk/vendor/wpwhitesecurity/select2-wpwhitesecurity/load.php#L70"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026new=2911239%40wp-security-audit-log%2Ftrunk\u0026old=2897171%40wp-security-audit-log%2Ftrunk\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/f51f0919-498e-4f86-a933-1b7f2c4a10a4?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6JFC-MC97-C7WG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:50 – Updated: 2022-06-28 22:58A vulnerability in the Stapler web framework used in Jenkins 2.185 and earlier, LTS 2.176.1 and earlier allowed attackers to access view fragments directly, bypassing permission checks and possibly obtain sensitive information.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.176.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.main:jenkins-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.176.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.185"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.main:jenkins-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.177"
},
{
"fixed": "2.186"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.kohsuke.stapler:stapler-parent"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.257.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10354"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-425",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-06-28T22:58:21Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-07-17T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the Stapler web framework used in Jenkins 2.185 and earlier, LTS 2.176.1 and earlier allowed attackers to access view fragments directly, bypassing permission checks and possibly obtain sensitive information.",
"id": "GHSA-6jfc-mc97-c7wg",
"modified": "2022-06-28T22:58:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:50:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10354"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/jenkins/commit/279d8109eddb7a494428baf25af9756c2e33576b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/stapler/commit/19637555a9f32d3875356b47234131d8b1e9fee4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2503"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2548"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2019-07-17/#SECURITY-534"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/07/17/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Missing Authorization in Jenkins"
}
GHSA-6JFF-R82G-F2WJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-31 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34Missing Authorization vulnerability in moshensky CF7 Spreadsheets allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects CF7 Spreadsheets: from n/a through 2.3.2.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-31603"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-31T13:15:54Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in moshensky CF7 Spreadsheets allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects CF7 Spreadsheets: from n/a through 2.3.2.",
"id": "GHSA-6jff-r82g-f2wj",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:17Z",
"published": "2025-03-31T15:30:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31603"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/cf7-spreadsheets/vulnerability/wordpress-cf7-spreadsheets-plugin-2-3-2-settings-change-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6JHH-8C75-GVR4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-14 12:30 – Updated: 2026-02-14 12:30The Media Library Folders plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 8.3.6 via the delete_maxgalleria_media() and maxgalleria_rename_image() functions due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Author-level access and above, to delete or rename attachments owned by other users (including administrators). The rename flow also deletes all postmeta for the target attachment, causing data loss.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-2312"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-14T12:15:56Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Media Library Folders plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 8.3.6 via the delete_maxgalleria_media() and maxgalleria_rename_image() functions due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Author-level access and above, to delete or rename attachments owned by other users (including administrators). The rename flow also deletes all postmeta for the target attachment, causing data loss.",
"id": "GHSA-6jhh-8c75-gvr4",
"modified": "2026-02-14T12:30:26Z",
"published": "2026-02-14T12:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2312"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3459947/media-library-plus"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/ccf77cb1-b6b6-49de-8de4-20eddd3b5e62?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6JM4-83G2-35GV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-16 21:31 – Updated: 2026-06-18 20:31Duplicate Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-72fw-cqh5-f324. This link is maintained to preserve external references.
Original DescriptionOpenClaw before 2026.4.29 contains a session visibility check bypass vulnerability in shared memory search that allows authenticated callers to access memory entries without proper authorization. Attackers can skip session visibility guards on the search path to retrieve memory entries that should not be visible to their session.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 2026.4.29"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openclaw"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-18T20:31:27Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-16T19:17:01Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-72fw-cqh5-f324. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original DescriptionOpenClaw before 2026.4.29 contains a session visibility check bypass vulnerability in shared memory search that allows authenticated callers to access memory entries without proper authorization. Attackers can skip session visibility guards on the search path to retrieve memory entries that should not be visible to their session.",
"id": "GHSA-6jm4-83g2-35gv",
"modified": "2026-06-18T20:31:27Z",
"published": "2026-06-16T21:31:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-72fw-cqh5-f324"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-53844"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-session-visibility-check-bypass-in-shared-memory-search"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Duplicate Advisory: memory-wiki shared search could miss session visibility checks",
"withdrawn": "2026-06-18T20:31:27Z"
}
GHSA-6JPV-F5XM-F87C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-21 03:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 21:32The Soisy Pagamento Rateale plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the parseRemoteRequest function in versions up to, and including, 6.0.1. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers with knowledge of an existing WooCommerce Order ID to expose sensitive WooCommerce order information (e.g., Name, Address, Email Address, and other order metadata).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-5132"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-21T02:15:07Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Soisy Pagamento Rateale plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the parseRemoteRequest function in versions up to, and including, 6.0.1. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers with knowledge of an existing WooCommerce Order ID to expose sensitive WooCommerce order information (e.g., Name, Address, Email Address, and other order metadata).",
"id": "GHSA-6jpv-f5xm-f87c",
"modified": "2026-04-08T21:32:05Z",
"published": "2023-10-21T03:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5132"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/soisy-pagamento-rateale/trunk/public/class-soisy-pagamento-rateale-public.php#L465"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=2979568%40soisy-pagamento-rateale\u0026new=2979568%40soisy-pagamento-rateale\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/d3c997cd-37b4-4b9c-b99e-397be484aa36?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6JQJ-6P2X-VGM6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-29 09:30 – Updated: 2024-03-29 09:30The OceanWP theme for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the load_theme_panel_pane function in all versions up to, and including, 3.5.4. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to expose sensitive information such as system/environment data and API keys.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-2476"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-29T07:15:44Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The OceanWP theme for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the load_theme_panel_pane function in all versions up to, and including, 3.5.4. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to expose sensitive information such as system/environment data and API keys.",
"id": "GHSA-6jqj-6p2x-vgm6",
"modified": "2024-03-29T09:30:43Z",
"published": "2024-03-29T09:30:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-2476"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://themes.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=222387%40oceanwp\u0026new=222387%40oceanwp\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/5ec2743d-0d96-4056-8fdf-dc81d4e9b76f?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.