Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

14925 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-496M-7Q2G-2GCR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-08 00:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:32
VLAI
Details

The Wicked Folders plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass due to a missing capability check on the ajax_move_object function in versions up to, and including, 2.18.16. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level permissions and above, to invoke this function and perform actions intended for administrators such as modifying the folder structure maintained by the plugin.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-0712"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-02-07T23:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Wicked Folders plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass due to a missing capability check on the ajax_move_object function in versions up to, and including, 2.18.16. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level permissions and above, to invoke this function and perform actions intended for administrators such as modifying the folder structure maintained by the plugin.",
  "id": "GHSA-496m-7q2g-2gcr",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T18:32:01Z",
  "published": "2023-02-08T00:30:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0712"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wicked-folders/tags/2.18.16/lib/class-wicked-folders-ajax.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026new=2860994%40wicked-folders%2Ftrunk\u0026old=2805161%40wicked-folders%2Ftrunk\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/0be428ae-40ae-4cc0-82ad-d121b6d2d27e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/0be428ae-40ae-4cc0-82ad-d121b6d2d27e?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4977-WV8W-JW7P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-27 21:31 – Updated: 2026-07-28 18:32
VLAI
Details

An authorization issue was addressed with improved validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.6 and iPadOS 26.6, macOS Tahoe 26.6, visionOS 26.6, watchOS 26.6. An app may be able to add contacts without user authorization.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-64746"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-27T21:17:13Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An authorization issue was addressed with improved validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.6 and iPadOS 26.6, macOS Tahoe 26.6, visionOS 26.6, watchOS 26.6. An app may be able to add contacts without user authorization.",
  "id": "GHSA-4977-wv8w-jw7p",
  "modified": "2026-07-28T18:32:54Z",
  "published": "2026-07-27T21:31:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-64746"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/128066"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/128067"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/128068"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/128070"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-497X-P5MQ-5G6X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-22 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-26 21:30
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Metagauss EventPrime eventprime-event-calendar-management allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects EventPrime: from n/a through <= 4.2.8.0.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-24380"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-22T17:16:40Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Metagauss EventPrime eventprime-event-calendar-management allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects EventPrime: from n/a through \u003c= 4.2.8.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-497x-p5mq-5g6x",
  "modified": "2026-01-26T21:30:34Z",
  "published": "2026-01-22T18:30:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24380"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/eventprime-event-calendar-management/vulnerability/wordpress-eventprime-plugin-4-2-8-0-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-49CG-279W-M73X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-17 21:55 – Updated: 2026-05-08 01:32
VLAI
Summary
OpenClaw: Empty approver lists could grant explicit approval authorization
Details

Summary

Empty approver lists could grant explicit approval authorization.

Affected Packages / Versions

  • Package: openclaw
  • Ecosystem: npm
  • Affected versions: < 2026.4.12
  • Patched versions: >= 2026.4.12

Impact

For helper-backed channels, an empty resolved approver list could be interpreted as explicit approval authorization, allowing a sender outside the normal channel authorization gate to resolve pending approvals if they knew an approval id.

Technical Details

The fix prevents empty approver lists from granting explicit approval authorization and adds regression coverage for unauthorized senders.

Fix

The issue was fixed in #65714. The first stable tag containing the fix is v2026.4.12, and openclaw@2026.4.14 includes the fix.

Fix Commit(s)

  • 0a105c0900de701d2ee9f1abc96b017afbd0afdd
  • PR: #65714

Release Process Note

Users should upgrade to openclaw 2026.4.12 or newer. The latest npm release, 2026.4.14, already includes the fix.

Credits

Thanks to @anshumanbh for reporting this issue.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.4.12"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-43574"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-183",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-17T21:55:54Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-05T12:16:21Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nEmpty approver lists could grant explicit approval authorization.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n\n- Package: `openclaw`\n- Ecosystem: npm\n- Affected versions: `\u003c 2026.4.12`\n- Patched versions: `\u003e= 2026.4.12`\n\n## Impact\n\nFor helper-backed channels, an empty resolved approver list could be interpreted as explicit approval authorization, allowing a sender outside the normal channel authorization gate to resolve pending approvals if they knew an approval id.\n\n## Technical Details\n\nThe fix prevents empty approver lists from granting explicit approval authorization and adds regression coverage for unauthorized senders.\n\n## Fix\n\nThe issue was fixed in #65714. The first stable tag containing the fix is `v2026.4.12`, and `openclaw@2026.4.14` includes the fix.\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n\n- `0a105c0900de701d2ee9f1abc96b017afbd0afdd`\n- PR: #65714\n\n## Release Process Note\n\nUsers should upgrade to `openclaw` 2026.4.12 or newer. The latest npm release, `2026.4.14`, already includes the fix.\n\n## Credits\n\nThanks to @anshumanbh for reporting this issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-49cg-279w-m73x",
  "modified": "2026-05-08T01:32:40Z",
  "published": "2026-04-17T21:55:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-49cg-279w-m73x"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-43574"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/pull/65714"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/0a105c0900de701d2ee9f1abc96b017afbd0afdd"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-improper-authorization-via-empty-approver-lists"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw: Empty approver lists could grant explicit approval authorization"
}

GHSA-49G3-M6HR-79HV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-09 18:30 – Updated: 2025-12-09 18:30
VLAI
Details

Due to a missing authorization check in SAP Enterprise Search for ABAP, an attacker with high privileges may read and export the contents of database tables into an ABAP report. This could lead to a high impact on data confidentiality and a low impact on data integrity. There is no impact on application's availability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-42891"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-09T16:17:52Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Due to a missing authorization check in SAP Enterprise Search for ABAP, an attacker with high privileges may read and export the contents of database tables into an ABAP report. This could lead to a high impact on data confidentiality and a low impact on data integrity. There is no impact on application\u0027s availability.",
  "id": "GHSA-49g3-m6hr-79hv",
  "modified": "2025-12-09T18:30:37Z",
  "published": "2025-12-09T18:30:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-42891"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3659117"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-49J4-V37G-5GG2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-24 00:00 – Updated: 2023-10-27 19:51
VLAI
Summary
Jenkins EasyQA Plugin Missing Authorization vulnerability
Details

Jenkins EasyQA Plugin 1.0 and earlier does not perform a permission check in a method implementing form validation.

This allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to connect to an attacker-specified HTTP server.

Additionally, this form validation method does not require POST requests, resulting in a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability.

As of publication of this advisory, there is no fix.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.geteasyqa:easyqa"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "1.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-34204"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-07-05T22:59:36Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-06-23T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Jenkins EasyQA Plugin 1.0 and earlier does not perform a permission check in a method implementing form validation.\n\nThis allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to connect to an attacker-specified HTTP server.\n\nAdditionally, this form validation method does not require POST requests, resulting in a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability.\n\nAs of publication of this advisory, there is no fix.",
  "id": "GHSA-49j4-v37g-5gg2",
  "modified": "2023-10-27T19:51:43Z",
  "published": "2022-06-24T00:00:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-34204"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/easyqa-plugin"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2022-06-22/#SECURITY-2281"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Jenkins EasyQA Plugin Missing Authorization vulnerability"
}

GHSA-49P8-6X78-XH2G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-04 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in shivammani Privyr CRM allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Privyr CRM: from n/a through 1.0.1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-32224"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-04T16:15:31Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in shivammani Privyr CRM allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Privyr CRM: from n/a through 1.0.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-49p8-6x78-xh2g",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:31Z",
  "published": "2025-04-04T18:31:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32224"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/privy-crm-integration/vulnerability/wordpress-privyr-crm-plugin-1-0-1-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-49VR-V9Q4-Q4PH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-16 09:30 – Updated: 2025-02-27 21:31
VLAI
Details

The Migration, Backup, Staging – WPvivid plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to sensitive information disclosure of a WordPress site's database due to missing capability checks on the wp_ajax_wpvivid_add_remote AJAX action that allows low-level authenticated attackers to send back-ups to a remote location of their choice for review. This affects versions up to, and including 0.9.35.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-36835"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-200",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-16T07:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Migration, Backup, Staging \u2013 WPvivid plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to sensitive information disclosure of a WordPress site\u0027s database due to missing capability checks on the wp_ajax_wpvivid_add_remote AJAX action that allows low-level authenticated attackers to send back-ups to a remote location of their choice for review. This affects versions up to, and including 0.9.35.",
  "id": "GHSA-49vr-v9q4-q4ph",
  "modified": "2025-02-27T21:31:59Z",
  "published": "2024-10-16T09:30:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-36835"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026new=2261665%40wpvivid-backuprestore%2Ftrunk\u0026old=2252870%40wpvivid-backuprestore%2Ftrunk\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.webarxsecurity.com/vulnerability-in-wpvivid-backup-plugin-can-lead-to-database-leak/?fbclid=IwAR3Ve74ZIvmx-aC0OssIWYwcWEjGq6yU16DcyVGHD1XUT3uYaZ3QyVu_Eos\u0026utm_content=buffer4435b\u0026utm_medium=social\u0026utm_source=facebook.com\u0026utm_campaign=buffer"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/90c3f8bc-fc41-4ba7-b9f2-8873203d5794?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-49WJ-P4F6-8G7J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-22 21:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Syed Balkhi All In One SEO Pack allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects All In One SEO Pack: from n/a through 4.8.7.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-58650"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-22T19:16:14Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Syed Balkhi All In One SEO Pack allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects All In One SEO Pack: from n/a through 4.8.7.",
  "id": "GHSA-49wj-p4f6-8g7j",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:16Z",
  "published": "2025-09-22T21:30:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58650"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/all-in-one-seo-pack/vulnerability/wordpress-all-in-one-seo-pack-plugin-4-8-7-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4C25-GWP9-9C2H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-22 18:30 – Updated: 2023-11-22 18:30
VLAI
Details

The Funnelforms Free plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the fnsf_af2_save_post function in versions up to, and including, 3.4. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level permissions and above, to modify certain post values. Note that the extent of modification is limited due to fixed values passed to the wp_update_post function.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-5411"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-11-22T16:15:12Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Funnelforms Free plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the fnsf_af2_save_post function in versions up to, and including, 3.4. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level permissions and above, to modify certain post values. Note that the extent of modification is limited due to fixed values passed to the wp_update_post function.",
  "id": "GHSA-4c25-gwp9-9c2h",
  "modified": "2023-11-22T18:30:56Z",
  "published": "2023-11-22T18:30:56Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5411"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/2986938/funnelforms-free"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/816f5fc1-e4e6-4c0d-b222-fe733f026e33?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.