Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

14929 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-44RW-4CH6-Q486

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-02 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:35
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Kestrel WooCommerce AWeber Newsletter Subscription.This issue affects WooCommerce AWeber Newsletter Subscription: from n/a through 4.0.2.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-33944"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-02T13:15:26Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Kestrel WooCommerce AWeber Newsletter Subscription.This issue affects WooCommerce AWeber Newsletter Subscription: from n/a through 4.0.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-44rw-4ch6-q486",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:35:01Z",
  "published": "2024-05-02T15:30:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-33944"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/woocommerce-aweber-newsletter-subscription/wordpress-woocommerce-aweber-newsletter-subscription-plugin-4-0-1-unauthenticated-access-token-change-reset-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-44RX-344J-CCV5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-13 21:31 – Updated: 2026-03-13 21:31
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in YMC Filter & Grids ymc-smart-filter allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Filter & Grids: from n/a through <= 3.5.1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-32397"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-13T19:54:55Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in YMC Filter \u0026 Grids ymc-smart-filter allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Filter \u0026 Grids: from n/a through \u003c= 3.5.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-44rx-344j-ccv5",
  "modified": "2026-03-13T21:31:49Z",
  "published": "2026-03-13T21:31:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32397"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/ymc-smart-filter/vulnerability/wordpress-filter-grids-plugin-3-5-1-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-44W3-4X9P-XMFF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-26 12:30 – Updated: 2025-01-26 12:30
VLAI
Details

The Zox News theme for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data that can lead to privilege escalation due to a missing capability check on the 'backup_options' and 'restore_options' function in all versions up to, and including, 3.16.0. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to update arbitrary options on the WordPress site. This can be leveraged to update the default role for registration to administrator and enable user registration for attackers to gain administrative user access to a vulnerable site.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-11936"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-26T12:15:28Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The Zox News theme for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data that can lead to privilege escalation due to a missing capability check on the \u0027backup_options\u0027 and \u0027restore_options\u0027 function in all versions up to, and including, 3.16.0. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to update arbitrary options on the WordPress site. This can be leveraged to update the default role for registration to administrator and enable user registration for attackers to gain administrative user access to a vulnerable site.",
  "id": "GHSA-44w3-4x9p-xmff",
  "modified": "2025-01-26T12:30:31Z",
  "published": "2025-01-26T12:30:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-11936"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://themeforest.net/item/zox-news-professional-wordpress-news-magazine-theme/20381541"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/3f061e7f-6a87-4d4a-9b4e-8234883f2ebc?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-44W7-GH9C-4QVR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:43 – Updated: 2023-12-14 15:46
VLAI
Summary
Missing permission check in Jenkins XebiaLabs XL Deploy Plugin
Details

A missing permission check in Jenkins XebiaLabs XL Deploy Plugin in the Credential#doValidateUserNamePassword form validation method allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to initiate a connection to an attacker-specified server.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.xebialabs.deployit.ci:deployit-plugin"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "7.5.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-10305"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-12-14T15:46:32Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-04-18T17:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A missing permission check in Jenkins XebiaLabs XL Deploy Plugin in the Credential#doValidateUserNamePassword form validation method allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to initiate a connection to an attacker-specified server.",
  "id": "GHSA-44w7-gh9c-4qvr",
  "modified": "2023-12-14T15:46:32Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:43:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10305"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/xldeploy-plugin/commit/5acf9d797fe0afb4defa7c1d5e198103fcdb6989"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2019-04-17/#SECURITY-983"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/108045"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Missing permission check in Jenkins XebiaLabs XL Deploy Plugin"
}

GHSA-44WP-G8F4-F4V5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-23 22:16 – Updated: 2026-06-23 22:16
VLAI
Summary
Filament: Unauthenticated temporary file upload on auth pages
Details

Any schema can contain a file upload form field, so Filament applies Livewire's WithFileUploads trait to the Livewire component the schema is embedded in. However, some schemas, such as the panel login form, do not require file uploads, and exposing unauthenticated temporary file uploads on these components is not an acceptable risk. On these components, an unauthenticated attacker could upload arbitrary files to the application's temporary storage, which could be abused to exhaust disk space or inflate storage costs.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.11.4"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "filament/filament"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.11.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 5.6.4"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "filament/filament"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "5.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.6.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.3.51"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "filament/filament"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.3.52"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-48500"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-23T22:16:58Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-22T22:16:47Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Any schema can contain a file upload form field, so Filament applies Livewire\u0027s `WithFileUploads` trait to the Livewire component the schema is embedded in. However, some schemas, such as the panel login form, do not require file uploads, and exposing unauthenticated temporary file uploads on these components is not an acceptable risk. On these components, an unauthenticated attacker could upload arbitrary files to the application\u0027s temporary storage, which could be abused to exhaust disk space or inflate storage costs.",
  "id": "GHSA-44wp-g8f4-f4v5",
  "modified": "2026-06-23T22:16:58Z",
  "published": "2026-06-23T22:16:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/filamentphp/filament/security/advisories/GHSA-44wp-g8f4-f4v5"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-48500"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/filamentphp/filament"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Filament: Unauthenticated temporary file upload on auth pages"
}

GHSA-454R-JCCQ-96Q8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-12 00:00 – Updated: 2024-04-23 22:41
VLAI
Summary
Moodle Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
Details

Teachers exporting a forum in CSV format could receive a CSV of forums from all courses in some circumstances. Moodle versions 3.10 to 3.10.3, 3.9 to 3.9.6 and 3.8 to 3.8.8 are affected.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "moodle/moodle"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.8.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.8.9"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "moodle/moodle"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.9.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.9.7"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "moodle/moodle"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.10.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.10.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-32472"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-200",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-23T22:41:12Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-03-11T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Teachers exporting a forum in CSV format could receive a CSV of forums from all courses in some circumstances. Moodle versions 3.10 to 3.10.3, 3.9 to 3.9.6 and 3.8 to 3.8.8 are affected.",
  "id": "GHSA-454r-jccq-96q8",
  "modified": "2024-04-23T22:41:12Z",
  "published": "2022-03-12T00:00:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-32472"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=422305"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Moodle Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor"
}

GHSA-455C-VQRF-MGHR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-16 09:30 – Updated: 2025-07-25 14:50
VLAI
Summary
Mattermost Server Missing Authorization vulnerability
Details

Mattermost Apps Framework fails to verify that a secret provided in the incoming webhook request allowing an attacker to modify the contents of the post sent by the Apps.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server/v6"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "7.10.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "7.10.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "7.10.0"
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server/v6"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "7.9.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "7.9.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server/v6"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "6.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "7.8.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server/v6"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.0.0-20230511130429-1629a6ca7fed"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-2783"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-06-23T21:37:38Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-06-16T09:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Mattermost Apps Framework fails to verify that a secret provided in the incoming webhook request allowing an attacker to\u00a0modify the contents of the post sent by the Apps.",
  "id": "GHSA-455c-vqrf-mghr",
  "modified": "2025-07-25T14:50:30Z",
  "published": "2023-06-16T09:30:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2783"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://mattermost.com/security-updates"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Mattermost Server Missing Authorization vulnerability"
}

GHSA-455H-7777-FX44

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-13 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:35
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Inqsys Technology Duplicate Post Page Menu & Custom Post Type allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Duplicate Post Page Menu & Custom Post Type: from n/a through 2.4.1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-36526"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-13T15:15:17Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Inqsys Technology Duplicate Post Page Menu \u0026 Custom Post Type allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Duplicate Post Page Menu \u0026 Custom Post Type: from n/a through 2.4.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-455h-7777-fx44",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:35:23Z",
  "published": "2024-12-13T15:30:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-36526"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/duplicate-post-page-menu-custom-post-type/vulnerability/wordpress-duplicate-post-page-menu-custom-post-type-plugin-2-3-1-broken-access-control?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-455R-X3FG-CVP2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-01 15:32 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:32
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Kraft Plugins Wheel of Life allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Wheel of Life: from n/a through 1.1.8.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-47311"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-01T15:15:53Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Kraft Plugins Wheel of Life allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Wheel of Life: from n/a through 1.1.8.",
  "id": "GHSA-455r-x3fg-cvp2",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:32:16Z",
  "published": "2024-11-01T15:32:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-47311"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/wheel-of-life/vulnerability/wordpress-wheel-of-life-plugin-1-1-8-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/wheel-of-life/wordpress-wheel-of-life-plugin-1-1-8-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4573-8946-684P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 03:31 – Updated: 2026-07-14 03:31
VLAI
Details

SAP Create Single Payment does not perform necessary authorization checks for an authenticated user, a restricted user could access specific entity set keys resulting in disclosure of information. This has low impact on confidentiality, with no impact on integrity and availability of the application.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-44770"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T01:16:18Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "SAP Create Single Payment does not perform necessary authorization checks for an authenticated user, a restricted user could access specific entity set keys resulting in disclosure of information. This has low impact on confidentiality, with no impact on integrity and availability of the application.",
  "id": "GHSA-4573-8946-684p",
  "modified": "2026-07-14T03:31:37Z",
  "published": "2026-07-14T03:31:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44770"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3713902"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.