CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
14952 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-3PR5-7MF5-RC69
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-12 00:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:33The Image Optimizer, Resizer and CDN – Sirv plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized plugin settings modification due to missing capability checks on the plugin functions in all versions up to, and including, 7.2.7. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to change the connected Sirv account to an attacker-controlled one.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-6392"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-11T22:15:02Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Image Optimizer, Resizer and CDN \u2013 Sirv plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized plugin settings modification due to missing capability checks on the plugin functions in all versions up to, and including, 7.2.7. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to change the connected Sirv account to an attacker-controlled one.",
"id": "GHSA-3pr5-7mf5-rc69",
"modified": "2026-04-08T18:33:32Z",
"published": "2024-07-12T00:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-6392"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/sirv/tags/7.2.6/sirv.php#L5197"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/sirv/tags/7.2.6/sirv.php#L5338"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/229490c3-d820-4831-b105-a429512c2c60?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3PRJ-HGHV-HC4R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-13 21:31 – Updated: 2026-03-13 21:31Missing Authorization vulnerability in Xpro Xpro Addons For Beaver Builder – Lite xpro-addons-beaver-builder-elementor allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Xpro Addons For Beaver Builder – Lite: from n/a through <= 1.5.6.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-32395"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-13T19:54:55Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Xpro Xpro Addons For Beaver Builder \u0026#8211; Lite xpro-addons-beaver-builder-elementor allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Xpro Addons For Beaver Builder \u0026#8211; Lite: from n/a through \u003c= 1.5.6.",
"id": "GHSA-3prj-hghv-hc4r",
"modified": "2026-03-13T21:31:49Z",
"published": "2026-03-13T21:31:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32395"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/xpro-addons-beaver-builder-elementor/vulnerability/wordpress-xpro-addons-for-beaver-builder-lite-plugin-1-5-6-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3PX9-VGQJ-48V9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-02 12:32 – Updated: 2026-04-23 15:34Missing Authorization vulnerability in WPDeveloper BetterLinks allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects BetterLinks: from n/a through 1.6.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-45104"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-02T12:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in WPDeveloper BetterLinks allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects BetterLinks: from n/a through 1.6.0.",
"id": "GHSA-3px9-vgqj-48v9",
"modified": "2026-04-23T15:34:12Z",
"published": "2025-01-02T12:32:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-45104"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/betterlinks/vulnerability/wordpress-betterlinks-plugin-1-6-0-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3PXF-GWJV-F45V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-01 12:30 – Updated: 2023-11-08 21:30In validationtools, there is a possible missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-42634"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-01T10:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In validationtools, there is a possible missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed",
"id": "GHSA-3pxf-gwjv-f45v",
"modified": "2023-11-08T21:30:35Z",
"published": "2023-11-01T12:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-42634"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1719615756246777857"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3PXR-3J7F-C35J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-09 12:30 – Updated: 2024-06-09 12:30Missing Authorization vulnerability in WPZOOM Social Icons Widget & Block by WPZOOM.This issue affects Social Icons Widget & Block by WPZOOM: from n/a through 4.2.15.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-30464"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-09T11:15:50Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in WPZOOM Social Icons Widget \u0026 Block by WPZOOM.This issue affects Social Icons Widget \u0026 Block by WPZOOM: from n/a through 4.2.15.",
"id": "GHSA-3pxr-3j7f-c35j",
"modified": "2024-06-09T12:30:51Z",
"published": "2024-06-09T12:30:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-30464"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/social-icons-widget-by-wpzoom/wordpress-social-icons-widget-block-by-wpzoom-plugin-4-2-15-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3Q25-M4X5-9JH7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:11 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:11An issue was discovered in Joomla! before 3.9.16. Incorrect Access Control in the SQL fieldtype of com_fields allows access for non-superadmin users.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-10239"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-03-16T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Joomla! before 3.9.16. Incorrect Access Control in the SQL fieldtype of com_fields allows access for non-superadmin users.",
"id": "GHSA-3q25-m4x5-9jh7",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:11:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:11:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-10239"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://developer.joomla.org/security-centre/806-20200305-core-incorrect-access-control-in-com-fields-sql-field"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-3Q2G-CQ44-PJQQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-18 09:31 – Updated: 2025-03-18 09:31The The Logo Slider – Logo Showcase, Logo Carousel, Logo Gallery and Client Logo Presentation plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary shortcode execution in all versions up to, and including, 3.7.3. This is due to the software allowing users to execute an action that does not properly validate a value before running do_shortcode. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary shortcodes.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-2262"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-18T07:15:33Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The The Logo Slider \u2013 Logo Showcase, Logo Carousel, Logo Gallery and Client Logo Presentation plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary shortcode execution in all versions up to, and including, 3.7.3. This is due to the software allowing users to execute an action that does not properly validate a value before running do_shortcode. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary shortcodes.",
"id": "GHSA-3q2g-cq44-pjqq",
"modified": "2025-03-18T09:31:49Z",
"published": "2025-03-18T09:31:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-2262"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/gs-logo-slider/trunk/includes/shortcode-builder/builder.php#L31"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/gs-logo-slider/trunk/includes/shortcode-builder/builder.php#L51"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/gs-logo-slider/trunk/includes/shortcode-builder/builder.php#L65"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3256441"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/3c7cc2d2-8de4-453b-b4dc-48f75b151078?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3Q32-77VQ-VQ6V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-08 09:31 – Updated: 2026-04-08 09:31The WP Blockade plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Missing Authorization in all versions up to and including 0.9.14. The plugin registers an admin_post action hook 'wp-blockade-shortcode-render' that maps to the render_shortcode_preview() function. This function lacks any capability check (current_user_can()) and nonce verification, allowing any authenticated user to execute arbitrary WordPress shortcodes. The function takes a user-supplied 'shortcode' parameter from $_GET, passes it through stripslashes(), and directly executes it via do_shortcode(). This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to execute arbitrary shortcodes, which could lead to information disclosure, privilege escalation, or other impacts depending on what shortcodes are registered on the site (e.g., shortcodes from other plugins that display sensitive data, perform actions, or include files).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-3480"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-08T07:16:21Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The WP Blockade plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Missing Authorization in all versions up to and including 0.9.14. The plugin registers an admin_post action hook \u0027wp-blockade-shortcode-render\u0027 that maps to the render_shortcode_preview() function. This function lacks any capability check (current_user_can()) and nonce verification, allowing any authenticated user to execute arbitrary WordPress shortcodes. The function takes a user-supplied \u0027shortcode\u0027 parameter from $_GET, passes it through stripslashes(), and directly executes it via do_shortcode(). This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to execute arbitrary shortcodes, which could lead to information disclosure, privilege escalation, or other impacts depending on what shortcodes are registered on the site (e.g., shortcodes from other plugins that display sensitive data, perform actions, or include files).",
"id": "GHSA-3q32-77vq-vq6v",
"modified": "2026-04-08T09:31:30Z",
"published": "2026-04-08T09:31:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-3480"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-blockade/tags/0.9.14/wp-blockade.php#L112"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-blockade/tags/0.9.14/wp-blockade.php#L361"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-blockade/tags/0.9.14/wp-blockade.php#L393"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-blockade/trunk/wp-blockade.php#L112"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-blockade/trunk/wp-blockade.php#L361"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-blockade/trunk/wp-blockade.php#L393"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/3f159aac-092b-4655-9d97-a496ac01738c?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3Q4Q-WQM6-HVF3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-16 09:30 – Updated: 2025-10-16 21:00Mattermost versions 10.10.x <= 10.10.2, 10.5.x <= 10.5.10, 10.11.x <= 10.11.2 fail to validate email ownership during Slack import process which allows attackers to create verified user accounts with arbitrary email domains via malicious Slack import data to bypass email-based team access restrictions.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/v8"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.0.0-20250822083415-01b95392a450"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.10.0"
},
{
"fixed": "10.10.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "10.5.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.11.0"
},
{
"fixed": "10.11.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-41410"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-16T21:00:44Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-16T09:15:33Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Mattermost versions 10.10.x \u003c= 10.10.2, 10.5.x \u003c= 10.5.10, 10.11.x \u003c= 10.11.2 fail to validate email ownership during Slack import process which allows attackers to create verified user accounts with arbitrary email domains via malicious Slack import data to bypass email-based team access restrictions.",
"id": "GHSA-3q4q-wqm6-hvf3",
"modified": "2025-10-16T21:00:44Z",
"published": "2025-10-16T09:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-41410"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost/commit/01b95392a450676407475596d1c041a047067329"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost/commit/0d6e8fa2e4681a172a136db18001104a57f9c28e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost/commit/ef896a4ea60cacbe03124106e1f42e5c25276427"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mattermost.com/security-updates"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Mattermost has a Missing Authorization vulnerability"
}
GHSA-3Q6Q-26VG-V97X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 00:03 – Updated: 2026-07-14 00:03Summary
Kimai 2.56.0 contains an authenticated improper authorization vulnerability in the preset-project activity creation flow. A user with the generic create_activity permission, but without access to a target project, can still create a new Activity under that unauthorized project by visiting the preset project creation route directly.
This is a persistent cross-project business-object creation issue. The attacker does not need permission to view or edit the target project and only needs to know a valid project.id.
Details
The issue affects the activity creation entry point that accepts a preset project identifier:
GET/POST /en/admin/activity/create/{project}GET/POST /en/admin/project/create/{customer}
In src/Controller/ActivityController.php, the controller checks only the global capability to create activities and does not verify whether the current user is allowed to create an activity under the supplied Project object.
The form and repository path also preserve the preset project instead of rejecting it when the user lacks access. Because the preset project is merged into the candidate set, the final save operation can persist a new Activity under a project that is outside the attacker's authorized project scope.
The same logic applies to the src/Controller/ProjectController.php.
A PoC was provided, but removed for security reasons.
Impact
This vulnerability allows an authenticated user to inject new child business objects into projects outside their authorized scope. An attacker can pollute another team's project configuration, influence later timesheet selection and rate inheritance, and create conditions for downstream business abuse if other users start using the injected activity.
Solution
- In
ActivityControllerwe now validate if the project can be edited with[IsGranted('edit', 'project')] - In
ProjectControllerwe now validate if if the customer can be edited with[IsGranted('edit', 'customer')]
See https://www.kimai.org/en/security/ghsa-3q6q-26vg-v97x
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.56.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "kimai/kimai"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.57.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-52821"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-14T00:03:42Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nKimai 2.56.0 contains an authenticated improper authorization vulnerability in the preset-project activity creation flow. A user with the generic `create_activity` permission, but without access to a target project, can still create a new `Activity` under that unauthorized project by visiting the preset project creation route directly.\n\nThis is a persistent cross-project business-object creation issue. The attacker does not need permission to view or edit the target project and only needs to know a valid `project.id`.\n\n### Details\n\nThe issue affects the activity creation entry point that accepts a preset project identifier:\n\n- `GET/POST /en/admin/activity/create/{project}`\n- `GET/POST /en/admin/project/create/{customer}`\n\nIn `src/Controller/ActivityController.php`, the controller checks only the global capability to create activities and does not verify whether the current user is allowed to create an activity under the supplied `Project` object.\n\nThe form and repository path also preserve the preset project instead of rejecting it when the user lacks access. Because the preset project is merged into the candidate set, the final save operation can persist a new `Activity` under a project that is outside the attacker\u0027s authorized project scope.\n\nThe same logic applies to the `src/Controller/ProjectController.php`.\n\n*A PoC was provided, but removed for security reasons.*\n\n### Impact\n\nThis vulnerability allows an authenticated user to inject new child business objects into projects outside their authorized scope. An attacker can pollute another team\u0027s project configuration, influence later timesheet selection and rate inheritance, and create conditions for downstream business abuse if other users start using the injected activity.\n\n# Solution\n\n- In `ActivityController` we now validate if the project can be edited with `[IsGranted(\u0027edit\u0027, \u0027project\u0027)]`\n- In `ProjectController` we now validate if if the customer can be edited with `[IsGranted(\u0027edit\u0027, \u0027customer\u0027)]`\n\nSee https://www.kimai.org/en/security/ghsa-3q6q-26vg-v97x",
"id": "GHSA-3q6q-26vg-v97x",
"modified": "2026-07-14T00:03:42Z",
"published": "2026-07-14T00:03:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kimai/kimai/security/advisories/GHSA-3q6q-26vg-v97x"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/kimai/kimai"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kimai.org/en/security/ghsa-3q6q-26vg-v97x"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Kimai: Improper Authorization Through Activity Creation with Preset Project Allows Creation Under Unauthorized Projects"
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.