Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

15066 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-2H52-9QM5-HQ7P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-23 06:32 – Updated: 2024-11-23 06:32
VLAI
Details

The WPDash Notes plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the 'wp_ajax_post_it_list_comment' function in all versions up to, and including, 1.3.5. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to view comments on any post, including private and password protected posts, and pending and draft posts if they were previously published. The vulnerability was partially patched in version 1.3.5.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-9223"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-23T04:15:10Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The WPDash Notes plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the \u0027wp_ajax_post_it_list_comment\u0027 function in all versions up to, and including, 1.3.5. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to view comments on any post, including private and password protected posts, and pending and draft posts if they were previously published. The vulnerability was partially patched in version 1.3.5.",
  "id": "GHSA-2h52-9qm5-hq7p",
  "modified": "2024-11-23T06:32:47Z",
  "published": "2024-11-23T06:32:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-9223"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wpdash-notes/trunk/classes/plugin.php#L210"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/58f048e5-f4be-4452-8fed-16871f4020b6?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2H62-WF4G-8RPR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-29 18:31 – Updated: 2025-04-29 18:31
VLAI
Details

Registry Access Management (RAM) is a security feature allowing administrators to restrict access for their developers to only allowed registries. When a MacOS configuration profile is used to enforce organization sign-in, the RAM policies are not being applied, which would allow Docker Desktop users to pull down unapproved, and potentially malicious images from any registry.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-4095"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-29T18:15:46Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Registry Access Management (RAM) is a security feature allowing administrators to restrict access for their developers to only allowed registries. When a MacOS configuration profile is used to enforce organization sign-in, the RAM policies are not being applied, which would allow Docker Desktop users to pull down unapproved, and potentially malicious images from any registry.",
  "id": "GHSA-2h62-wf4g-8rpr",
  "modified": "2025-04-29T18:31:00Z",
  "published": "2025-04-29T18:31:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-4095"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.docker.com/security/for-admins/hardened-desktop/registry-access-management"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:H/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2H7Q-7935-RV26

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-12 06:30 – Updated: 2023-02-21 21:30
VLAI
Details

In log service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local denial of service in log service.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-47357"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-02-12T04:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In log service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local denial of service in log service.",
  "id": "GHSA-2h7q-7935-rv26",
  "modified": "2023-02-21T21:30:19Z",
  "published": "2023-02-12T06:30:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-47357"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1621031430231134210"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2H7V-4372-F6X2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-04 19:50 – Updated: 2026-05-13 13:38
VLAI
Summary
Kirby CMS's read access to site, user and role information is not gated by permissions
Details

TL;DR

This vulnerability affects all Kirby sites that might have potential attackers in the group of authenticated Panel users.

This vulnerability is of high severity for affected sites.

Sites using Kirby are not affected if they intend all users of the site to be able to list and access the site model and all users and roles, including the content stored within these models. Write actions are not affected by this vulnerability as they were gated by permissions before.


Introduction

Missing authorization allows authenticated users to perform actions they are not intended to have access to.

The effects of missing authorization can include unauthorized access to sensitive information as well as unauthorized changes to content or system information.

Impact

Kirby's user permissions control which user role is allowed to perform specific actions to content models in the CMS. These permissions are defined for each role in the user blueprint (site/blueprints/users/...). It is also possible to customize the permissions for each target model in the model blueprints (such as in site/blueprints/pages/...) using the options feature. The permissions and options together control the authorization of user actions.

In affected releases, Kirby did not provide permission settings that control the access to the site model as well as to users and user roles. If the site developer disabled all permissions via the wildcard "*": false setting, this only disabled the actions that were explicitly gated by existing permissions.

To be specific, the following permissions were missing in affected releases and have been added in the patches:

  • site.access
  • user.access and users.access (for the own user and other users respectively)
  • user.list and users.list (for the own user and other users respectively)

Access to role information such as the list of existing roles, their names and descriptions as well as their configured permissions were also not gated by user-based permissions.

Patches

The problem has been patched in Kirby 4.9.0 and Kirby 5.4.0. Please update to one of these or a later version to fix the vulnerability.

In all of the mentioned releases, Kirby has added the missing permissions that are listed in the "Impact" section. The user.access and users.access permissions also take effect on the access to the user's own role and to other roles respectively.

Credits

Kirby thanks @HuajiHD for responsibly reporting the identified issue.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.8.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "getkirby/cms"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.9.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 5.3.3"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "getkirby/cms"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "5.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.4.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-42069"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-04T19:50:24Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-09T04:16:22Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### TL;DR\n\nThis vulnerability affects all Kirby sites that might have potential attackers in the group of authenticated Panel users.\n\n**This vulnerability is of high severity for affected sites.**\n\nSites using Kirby are *not* affected if they intend all users of the site to be able to list and access the site model and all users and roles, including the content stored within these models. Write actions are *not* affected by this vulnerability as they were gated by permissions before.\n\n----\n\n### Introduction\n\nMissing authorization allows authenticated users to perform actions they are not intended to have access to.\n\nThe effects of missing authorization can include unauthorized access to sensitive information as well as unauthorized changes to content or system information.\n\n### Impact\n\nKirby\u0027s user permissions control which user role is allowed to perform specific actions to content models in the CMS. These permissions are defined for each role in the user blueprint (`site/blueprints/users/...`). It is also possible to customize the permissions for each target model in the model blueprints (such as in `site/blueprints/pages/...`) using the `options` feature. The permissions and options together control the authorization of user actions.\n\nIn affected releases, Kirby did not provide permission settings that control the access to the site model as well as to users and user roles. If the site developer disabled all permissions via the wildcard `\"*\": false` setting, this only disabled the actions that were explicitly gated by existing permissions.\n\nTo be specific, the following permissions were missing in affected releases and have been added in the patches:\n\n- `site.access`\n- `user.access` and `users.access` (for the own user and other users respectively)\n- `user.list` and `users.list` (for the own user and other users respectively)\n\nAccess to role information such as the list of existing roles, their names and descriptions as well as their configured permissions were also not gated by user-based permissions.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe problem has been patched in [Kirby 4.9.0](https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/releases/tag/4.9.0) and [Kirby 5.4.0](https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/releases/tag/5.4.0). Please update to one of these or a [later version](https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/releases) to fix the vulnerability.\n\nIn all of the mentioned releases, Kirby has added the missing permissions that are listed in the \"Impact\" section. The `user.access` and `users.access` permissions also take effect on the access to the user\u0027s own role and to other roles respectively.\n\n### Credits\n\nKirby thanks @HuajiHD for responsibly reporting the identified issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-2h7v-4372-f6x2",
  "modified": "2026-05-13T13:38:50Z",
  "published": "2026-05-04T19:50:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/security/advisories/GHSA-2h7v-4372-f6x2"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42069"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/getkirby/kirby"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/releases/tag/4.9.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/releases/tag/5.4.0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Kirby CMS\u0027s read access to site, user and role information is not gated by permissions"
}

GHSA-2H8H-53WP-5M9Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-30 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:33
VLAI
Details

The ECPay Ecommerce for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized loss of data due to a missing capability check on the 'clear_ecpay_debug_log' AJAX action in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.2411060. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to clear the plugin's log files.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-13652"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-30T14:15:35Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The ECPay Ecommerce for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized loss of data due to a missing capability check on the \u0027clear_ecpay_debug_log\u0027 AJAX action in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.2411060. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to clear the plugin\u0027s log files.",
  "id": "GHSA-2h8h-53wp-5m9q",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T18:33:48Z",
  "published": "2025-01-30T15:31:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13652"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3235861%40ecpay-ecommerce-for-woocommerce\u0026new=3235861%40ecpay-ecommerce-for-woocommerce\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/ecpay-ecommerce-for-woocommerce"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/5ae08e0b-ea17-46c1-aad3-4ecea69c1bdc?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2H8X-F6WG-4F5C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-19 18:31 – Updated: 2026-02-19 21:30
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in PluginRx Broken Link Notifier broken-link-notifier allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Broken Link Notifier: from n/a through <= 1.3.5.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-25408"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-19T09:16:22Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in PluginRx Broken Link Notifier broken-link-notifier allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Broken Link Notifier: from n/a through \u003c= 1.3.5.",
  "id": "GHSA-2h8x-f6wg-4f5c",
  "modified": "2026-02-19T21:30:46Z",
  "published": "2026-02-19T18:31:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25408"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/broken-link-notifier/vulnerability/wordpress-broken-link-notifier-plugin-1-3-4-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2HF9-98XV-3H7H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-11-25 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-04 00:00
VLAI
Details

Improper authorization in handler for custom URL scheme vulnerability in Android App 'Mercari (Merpay) - Marketplace and Mobile Payments App' (Japan version) versions prior to 4.49.1 allows a remote attacker to lead a user to access an arbitrary website and the website launches an arbitrary Activity of the app via the vulnerable App, which may result in Mercari account's access token being obtained.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-20835"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-11-24T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Improper authorization in handler for custom URL scheme vulnerability in Android App \u0027Mercari (Merpay) - Marketplace and Mobile Payments App\u0027 (Japan version) versions prior to 4.49.1 allows a remote attacker to lead a user to access an arbitrary website and the website launches an arbitrary Activity of the app via the vulnerable App, which may result in Mercari account\u0027s access token being obtained.",
  "id": "GHSA-2hf9-98xv-3h7h",
  "modified": "2022-05-04T00:00:57Z",
  "published": "2021-11-25T00:00:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-20835"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN49465877/index.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2HF9-H2HV-2F9C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-13 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:35
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Tyche Softwares Print Invoice & Delivery Notes for WooCommerce allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Print Invoice & Delivery Notes for WooCommerce: from n/a through 4.7.2.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-46795"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-13T15:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Tyche Softwares Print Invoice \u0026 Delivery Notes for WooCommerce allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Print Invoice \u0026 Delivery Notes for WooCommerce: from n/a through 4.7.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-2hf9-h2hv-2f9c",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:35:22Z",
  "published": "2024-12-13T15:30:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-46795"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/woocommerce-delivery-notes/vulnerability/wordpress-print-invoice-delivery-notes-for-woocommerce-plugin-4-7-2-csrf-plugin-settings-reset-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2HHG-24WG-6MMV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-31 12:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:32
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Leap13 Premium Addons for Elementor allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects Premium Addons for Elementor: from n/a through 4.10.56.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-56225"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-31T11:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Leap13 Premium Addons for Elementor allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects Premium Addons for Elementor: from n/a through 4.10.56.",
  "id": "GHSA-2hhg-24wg-6mmv",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:32:53Z",
  "published": "2024-12-31T12:30:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-56225"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/premium-addons-for-elementor/vulnerability/wordpress-premium-addons-for-elementor-plugin-4-10-56-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2HMM-WJ33-38P5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-22 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-29 21:30
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in renatoatshown Shown Connector shown-connector allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Shown Connector: from n/a through <= 1.2.10.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-68003"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-22T17:16:06Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in renatoatshown Shown Connector shown-connector allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Shown Connector: from n/a through \u003c= 1.2.10.",
  "id": "GHSA-2hmm-wj33-38p5",
  "modified": "2026-01-29T21:30:28Z",
  "published": "2026-01-22T18:30:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68003"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/shown-connector/vulnerability/wordpress-shown-connector-plugin-1-2-10-settings-change-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.