CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
15090 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-22VQ-QXW4-G2QR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-05 06:31 – Updated: 2025-12-05 06:31The Takeads plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.13. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized to perform an action. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to delete the plugin's configuration options.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-12370"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-05T06:16:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Takeads plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.13. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized to perform an action. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to delete the plugin\u0027s configuration options.",
"id": "GHSA-22vq-qxw4-g2qr",
"modified": "2025-12-05T06:31:30Z",
"published": "2025-12-05T06:31:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12370"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/monetize-link/tags/1.0.13/src/MLP_Ajax.php#L8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/9f3619d9-7572-439e-a284-d59ef5de08f3?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-22VX-J9G4-5Q8F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:14 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:14It was found that the superexec operator was available in the internal dictionary in ghostscript before 9.27. A specially crafted PostScript file could use this flaw in order to, for example, have access to the file system outside of the constrains imposed by -dSAFER.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-3835"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-03-25T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "It was found that the superexec operator was available in the internal dictionary in ghostscript before 9.27. A specially crafted PostScript file could use this flaw in order to, for example, have access to the file system outside of the constrains imposed by -dSAFER.",
"id": "GHSA-22vx-j9g4-5q8f",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:14:38Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:14:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-3835"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:0652"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:0971"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=700585"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2019-3835"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/04/msg00021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/A43SRQAEHQCKSEMIBINHUNIGHTDCZD7F"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ANBSCZABXQUEQWIKNWJ35IYX24M227EI"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/SVERLGEU3OV6RNZ2SIBXREWD3BF5H23N"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Apr/28"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Apr/4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202004-03"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2019/dsa-4432"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-09/msg00088.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-09/msg00090.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/152367/Slackware-Security-Advisory-ghostscript-Updates.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/107855"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-22XP-7RCX-XP34
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:15 – Updated: 2023-10-26 14:30Jenkins Slack Notification Plugin did not perform permission checks on a method implementing form validation. This allowed users with Overall/Read access to Jenkins to connect to an attacker-specified URL using attacker-specified credentials IDs obtained through another method, capturing credentials stored in Jenkins.
Additionally, this form validation method did not require POST requests, resulting in a cross-site request forgery vulnerability.
This form validation method now requires POST requests and Overall/Administer (for global configuration) or Item/Configure permissions (for job configuration).
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.19"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:slack"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.20"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-1003043"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-10-26T14:30:24Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-03-28T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jenkins Slack Notification Plugin did not perform permission checks on a method implementing form validation. This allowed users with Overall/Read access to Jenkins to connect to an attacker-specified URL using attacker-specified credentials IDs obtained through another method, capturing credentials stored in Jenkins.\n\nAdditionally, this form validation method did not require POST requests, resulting in a cross-site request forgery vulnerability.\n\nThis form validation method now requires POST requests and Overall/Administer (for global configuration) or Item/Configure permissions (for job configuration).",
"id": "GHSA-22xp-7rcx-xp34",
"modified": "2023-10-26T14:30:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:15:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-1003043"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/slack-plugin/commit/0268bbefdcc283effd27be5318770f7e75c6f102"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/slack-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2019-03-25/#SECURITY-976"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200227082607/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/107628"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/03/28/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins Slack Notification Plugin missing permission check"
}
GHSA-2328-876M-G2RG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-04 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:24In vowifiservice, there is a possible missing permission check.This could lead to local denial of service with no additional execution privileges
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-38462"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-04T02:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In vowifiservice, there is a possible missing permission check.This could lead to local denial of service with no additional execution privileges",
"id": "GHSA-2328-876m-g2rg",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:24:04Z",
"published": "2023-09-04T03:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-38462"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1698296481653522434"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-233M-86JR-5P6C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-01 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-23 15:32Missing Authorization vulnerability in Caseproof, LLC Memberpress allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects Memberpress: from n/a through 1.11.34.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-43956"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-01T15:15:49Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Caseproof, LLC Memberpress allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects Memberpress: from n/a through 1.11.34.",
"id": "GHSA-233m-86jr-5p6c",
"modified": "2026-04-23T15:32:52Z",
"published": "2024-11-01T15:31:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-43956"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/memberpress/vulnerability/wordpress-memberpress-plugin-1-11-29-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/memberpress/wordpress-memberpress-plugin-1-11-29-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2348-CCQJ-8P27
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-01 00:01 – Updated: 2022-12-09 14:31Jenkins RQM Plugin 2.8 and earlier does not perform a permission check in an HTTP endpoint. This allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to enumerate credentials IDs of credentials stored in Jenkins. Those can be used as part of an attack to capture the credentials using another vulnerability.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "net.praqma:rqm-plugin"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "2.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-34810"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-12-09T14:31:53Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-30T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jenkins RQM Plugin 2.8 and earlier does not perform a permission check in an HTTP endpoint. This allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to enumerate credentials IDs of credentials stored in Jenkins. Those can be used as part of an attack to capture the credentials using another vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-2348-ccqj-8p27",
"modified": "2022-12-09T14:31:53Z",
"published": "2022-07-01T00:01:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-34810"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/rqm-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2022-06-30/#SECURITY-2806"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins RQM Plugin allows enumerating credentials IDs due to missing permission check"
}
GHSA-234X-2X99-Q566
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-12 09:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:02In telephony service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-30936"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-12T09:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In telephony service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed.",
"id": "GHSA-234x-2x99-q566",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:02:53Z",
"published": "2023-07-12T09:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-30936"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1676902764208259073"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-237R-7322-3FVF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-07 03:30 – Updated: 2026-03-07 03:30The ProfileGrid – User Profiles, Groups and Communities plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized message deletion due to a missing capability check on the pg_delete_msg() function in all versions up to, and including, 5.9.8.1. This is due to the function not verifying that the requesting user has permission to delete the targeted message. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to delete arbitrary messages belonging to any user by sending a direct request with a valid message ID (mid parameter).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-2488"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-07T02:16:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The ProfileGrid \u2013 User Profiles, Groups and Communities plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized message deletion due to a missing capability check on the pg_delete_msg() function in all versions up to, and including, 5.9.8.1. This is due to the function not verifying that the requesting user has permission to delete the targeted message. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to delete arbitrary messages belonging to any user by sending a direct request with a valid message ID (mid parameter).",
"id": "GHSA-237r-7322-3fvf",
"modified": "2026-03-07T03:30:27Z",
"published": "2026-03-07T03:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2488"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/profilegrid-user-profiles-groups-and-communities/tags/5.9.7.1/includes/class-profile-magic.php#L372"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/profilegrid-user-profiles-groups-and-communities/tags/5.9.7.1/public/class-profile-magic-public.php#L5913"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/profilegrid-user-profiles-groups-and-communities/trunk/includes/class-profile-magic.php#L372"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/profilegrid-user-profiles-groups-and-communities/trunk/public/class-profile-magic-public.php#L5913"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3464213%40profilegrid-user-profiles-groups-and-communities\u0026new=3464213%40profilegrid-user-profiles-groups-and-communities\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/4c611fa0-28ef-4425-8614-fb61e250e625?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-238C-73W3-X9M4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-21 18:32 – Updated: 2025-07-22 15:32Headwind MDM before 5.33.1 makes configuration details accessible to unauthorized users. The Configuration profile is exposed to the Observer user role, revealing the password requires to escape out of the MDM controlled device's profile.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-43720"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-21T17:15:37Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Headwind MDM before 5.33.1 makes configuration details accessible to unauthorized users. The Configuration profile is exposed to the Observer user role, revealing the password requires to escape out of the MDM controlled device\u0027s profile.",
"id": "GHSA-238c-73w3-x9m4",
"modified": "2025-07-22T15:32:40Z",
"published": "2025-07-21T18:32:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-43720"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/h-mdm/hmdm-server/commit/19e4a63f732c99064444df7e8c61b4f01df362e8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/h-mdm/hmdm-server/compare/v5.32.1...v5.33.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.periculo.co.uk/cyber-security-blog/how-our-pen-tester-found-a-critical-vulnerability-cve-2025-43720"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-239X-HVPX-225M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-24 09:30 – Updated: 2026-06-24 09:30The Advance Nav Menu Manager plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in all versions up to, and including, 1.3. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized to perform an action. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to duplicate, copy, move, or publish nav_menu_item posts via wp_insert_post(), modifying the site's navigation menus without authorization.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-8688"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-24T07:16:28Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Advance Nav Menu Manager plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in all versions up to, and including, 1.3. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized to perform an action. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to duplicate, copy, move, or publish nav_menu_item posts via wp_insert_post(), modifying the site\u0027s navigation menus without authorization.",
"id": "GHSA-239x-hvpx-225m",
"modified": "2026-06-24T09:30:46Z",
"published": "2026-06-24T09:30:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-8688"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/advance-nav-menu-manager/tags/1.1/include/class-advancenavmenumanager.php#L231"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/advance-nav-menu-manager/tags/1.1/include/class-advancenavmenumanager.php#L236"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/advance-nav-menu-manager/tags/1.1/include/option.php#L107"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/advance-nav-menu-manager/tags/1.3/include/class-advancenavmenumanager.php#L231"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/advance-nav-menu-manager/tags/1.3/include/class-advancenavmenumanager.php#L236"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/advance-nav-menu-manager/tags/1.3/include/option.php#L107"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/e234a79d-5d46-44db-833c-51e202dc49bf?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.