CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
14591 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-X95C-QRQR-2V27
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-16 00:00 – Updated: 2022-11-30 20:17Extended Choice Parameter Plugin 346.vd87693c5a_86c and earlier does not perform a permission check on form validation methods. This allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to connect to an attacker-specified URL.
Additionally, these form validation methods do not require POST requests, resulting in a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:extended-choice-parameter"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "346.vd87693c5a"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-27205"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-276",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-11-30T20:17:58Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-15T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Extended Choice Parameter Plugin 346.vd87693c5a_86c and earlier does not perform a permission check on form validation methods. This allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to connect to an attacker-specified URL.\n\nAdditionally, these form validation methods do not require POST requests, resulting in a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-x95c-qrqr-2v27",
"modified": "2022-11-30T20:17:58Z",
"published": "2022-03-16T00:00:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-27205"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/extended-choice-parameter-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2022-03-15/#SECURITY-1350"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/03/15/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "CSRF vulnerability and missing permission checks in Extended Choice Parameter Plugin allow SSRF"
}
GHSA-X96P-55V7-JMRQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-07 03:31 – Updated: 2026-05-07 03:31The Appointment Booking Calendar plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Missing Authorization in versions up to and including 1.6.10.6. This is due to a flawed authorization logic in the nonce_permissions_check() method combined with the public exposure of a site-wide reusable nonce. The plugin exposes a public_nonce value through the /wp-json/ssa/v1/embed-inner endpoint, which is accessible to unauthenticated users. The appointment deletion endpoint at /wp-json/ssa/v1/appointments/{id}/delete and /wp-json/ssa/v1/appointments/bulk use a permission check that accepts requests containing both an X-WP-Nonce header (with any arbitrary value) and an X-PUBLIC-Nonce header (with the valid public nonce). When the X-WP-Nonce validation fails, the function falls back to validating the X-PUBLIC-Nonce without properly rejecting the request. Since the public_nonce is exposed to all unauthenticated visitors and is site-wide (not user-specific or appointment-specific), attackers can obtain it and use it to view details of arbitrary appointments, including the public_edit_url, or delete arbitrary appointments by ID. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to view, delete or modify any appointment in the system, disclosing sensitive appointment data, causing service disruption, and loss of booking records.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-4807"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-07T03:16:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Appointment Booking Calendar plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Missing Authorization in versions up to and including 1.6.10.6. This is due to a flawed authorization logic in the nonce_permissions_check() method combined with the public exposure of a site-wide reusable nonce. The plugin exposes a public_nonce value through the /wp-json/ssa/v1/embed-inner endpoint, which is accessible to unauthenticated users. The appointment deletion endpoint at /wp-json/ssa/v1/appointments/{id}/delete and /wp-json/ssa/v1/appointments/bulk use a permission check that accepts requests containing both an X-WP-Nonce header (with any arbitrary value) and an X-PUBLIC-Nonce header (with the valid public nonce). When the X-WP-Nonce validation fails, the function falls back to validating the X-PUBLIC-Nonce without properly rejecting the request. Since the public_nonce is exposed to all unauthenticated visitors and is site-wide (not user-specific or appointment-specific), attackers can obtain it and use it to view details of arbitrary appointments, including the public_edit_url, or delete arbitrary appointments by ID. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to view, delete or modify any appointment in the system, disclosing sensitive appointment data, causing service disruption, and loss of booking records.",
"id": "GHSA-x96p-55v7-jmrq",
"modified": "2026-05-07T03:31:21Z",
"published": "2026-05-07T03:31:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4807"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/simply-schedule-appointments/tags/1.6.9.29/booking-app-new/iframe-inner.php#L444"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/simply-schedule-appointments/tags/1.6.9.29/includes/class-appointment-model.php#L698"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/simply-schedule-appointments/tags/1.6.9.29/includes/class-bootstrap.php#L151"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/simply-schedule-appointments/tags/1.6.9.29/includes/class-shortcodes.php#L889"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/simply-schedule-appointments/tags/1.6.9.29/includes/lib/td-util/class-td-api-model.php#L110"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/simply-schedule-appointments/tags/1.6.9.29/includes/lib/td-util/class-td-api-model.php#L361"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3511993/simply-schedule-appointments/trunk/includes"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/436ab843-7729-4d57-9c9e-2ede2f101ddb?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X98R-X2VH-J7FM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-18 21:30 – Updated: 2023-12-20 21:30The SmartCrawl WordPress plugin before 3.8.3 does not prevent unauthorised users from accessing password-protected posts' content.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-5949"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-18T20:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The SmartCrawl WordPress plugin before 3.8.3 does not prevent unauthorised users from accessing password-protected posts\u0027 content.",
"id": "GHSA-x98r-x2vh-j7fm",
"modified": "2023-12-20T21:30:33Z",
"published": "2023-12-18T21:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5949"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/3cec27ca-f470-402d-ae3e-271cb59cf407"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X993-J6RR-4P95
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-12 09:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:03In fastDial service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-33892"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-12T09:15:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In fastDial service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed.",
"id": "GHSA-x993-j6rr-4p95",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:03:24Z",
"published": "2023-07-12T09:30:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-33892"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1676902764208259073"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X9C8-674P-VMP9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-09 12:30 – Updated: 2024-06-09 12:30Missing Authorization vulnerability in YITH YITH WooCommerce Account Funds Premium.This issue affects YITH WooCommerce Account Funds Premium: from n/a through 1.33.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-30470"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-09T11:15:51Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in YITH YITH WooCommerce Account Funds Premium.This issue affects YITH WooCommerce Account Funds Premium: from n/a through 1.33.0.",
"id": "GHSA-x9c8-674p-vmp9",
"modified": "2024-06-09T12:30:52Z",
"published": "2024-06-09T12:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-30470"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/yith-woocommerce-account-funds-premium/wordpress-yith-woocommerce-account-funds-premium-plugin-1-32-0-broken-access-control-leading-to-arbitrary-funds-adding-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X9F9-FX28-38JM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-12 12:00 – Updated: 2022-10-13 12:00There is an missing authorization issue in the system service. Since the component does not have permission check , resulting in Local Elevation of privilege.Product: AndroidVersions: Android SoCAndroid ID: A-242221901
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-20433"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-11T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "There is an missing authorization issue in the system service. Since the component does not have permission check , resulting in Local Elevation of privilege.Product: AndroidVersions: Android SoCAndroid ID: A-242221901",
"id": "GHSA-x9f9-fx28-38jm",
"modified": "2022-10-13T12:00:27Z",
"published": "2022-10-12T12:00:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-20433"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2022-10-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X9G7-9GG7-J7V6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-22 15:31 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:31Missing Authorization vulnerability in BuddyPress BuddyPress buddypress.This issue affects BuddyPress: from n/a through <= 14.3.4.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-62022"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-22T15:16:03Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in BuddyPress BuddyPress buddypress.This issue affects BuddyPress: from n/a through \u003c= 14.3.4.",
"id": "GHSA-x9g7-9gg7-j7v6",
"modified": "2026-01-20T15:31:32Z",
"published": "2025-10-22T15:31:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62022"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/buddypress/vulnerability/wordpress-buddypress-plugin-14-3-4-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/buddypress/vulnerability/wordpress-buddypress-plugin-14-3-4-broken-access-control-vulnerability"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/buddypress/vulnerability/wordpress-buddypress-plugin-14-3-4-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X9PH-J5W6-GJMF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-02 15:31 – Updated: 2025-01-02 15:31Missing Authorization vulnerability in Daniel Söderström / Sidney van de Stouwe Subscribe to Category allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Subscribe to Category: from n/a through 2.7.4.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-43476"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-02T15:15:18Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Daniel S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m / Sidney van de Stouwe Subscribe to Category allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Subscribe to Category: from n/a through 2.7.4.",
"id": "GHSA-x9ph-j5w6-gjmf",
"modified": "2025-01-02T15:31:58Z",
"published": "2025-01-02T15:31:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-43476"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/subscribe-to-category/vulnerability/wordpress-subscribe-to-category-plugin-2-7-1-auth-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X9QQ-2QH5-8RXF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-06 21:08 – Updated: 2026-07-06 21:08Summary
The CreateSubAgent RPC did not validate a requested app sharing level against the template's MaxPortSharingLevel before persisting workspace apps, letting a workspace owner exceed the administrator's configured maximum.
Note: Exploitation requires the ability to register sub-agent apps in a workspace the attacker controls.
Impact
A workspace owner with an agent token could register a sub-agent app as PUBLIC even when the template's MaxPortSharingLevel was owner, exposing the app to unauthenticated users via the wildcard app domain. This affected only deployments using Enterprise port-sharing policy and wildcard app hostnames and required an authenticated workspace owner with an agent token.
Patches
The fix clamps the sub-agent app sharing level to the template's MaxPortSharingLevel.
The fix was backported to all supported release lines:
| Release line | Patched version |
|---|---|
| 2.34 | v2.34.2 |
| 2.33 | v2.33.8 |
| 2.32 | v2.32.7 |
| 2.29 (ESR) | v2.29.17 |
Workarounds
Disable wildcard app hostnames (CODER_WILDCARD_ACCESS_URL) to block subdomain-based app routing.
Resources
- Fix: #26061
Credits
Coder would like to thank Anthropic's Security Team (ANT-2026-22452) for independently disclosing this issue!
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/coder/coder/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.34.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.34.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/coder/coder/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.33.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.33.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/coder/coder/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.30.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.32.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/coder/coder/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.29.17"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-55432"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-06T21:08:32Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nThe `CreateSubAgent` RPC did not validate a requested app sharing level against the template\u0027s `MaxPortSharingLevel` before persisting workspace apps, letting a workspace owner exceed the administrator\u0027s configured maximum.\n\n\u003e **Note:** Exploitation requires the ability to register sub-agent apps in a workspace the attacker controls.\n\n### Impact\n\nA workspace owner with an agent token could register a sub-agent app as `PUBLIC` even when the template\u0027s `MaxPortSharingLevel` was `owner`, exposing the app to unauthenticated users via the wildcard app domain. This affected only deployments using Enterprise port-sharing policy and wildcard app hostnames and required an authenticated workspace owner with an agent token.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe fix clamps the sub-agent app sharing level to the template\u0027s `MaxPortSharingLevel`.\n\nThe fix was backported to all supported release lines:\n\n| Release line | Patched version |\n|---|---|\n| 2.34 | [v2.34.2](https://github.com/coder/coder/releases/tag/v2.34.2) |\n| 2.33 | [v2.33.8](https://github.com/coder/coder/releases/tag/v2.33.8) |\n| 2.32 | [v2.32.7](https://github.com/coder/coder/releases/tag/v2.32.7) |\n| 2.29 (ESR) | [v2.29.17](https://github.com/coder/coder/releases/tag/v2.29.17) |\n\n### Workarounds\n\nDisable wildcard app hostnames (`CODER_WILDCARD_ACCESS_URL`) to block subdomain-based app routing.\n\n### Resources\n\n- Fix: #26061\n\n### Credits\n\nCoder would like to thank Anthropic\u0027s Security Team (ANT-2026-22452) for independently disclosing this issue!",
"id": "GHSA-x9qq-2qh5-8rxf",
"modified": "2026-07-06T21:08:32Z",
"published": "2026-07-06T21:08:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/coder/coder/security/advisories/GHSA-x9qq-2qh5-8rxf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/coder/coder/pull/26061"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/coder/coder"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Coder\u0027s sub-agent app registration bypasses template port-sharing policy enforcement"
}
GHSA-X9QV-64RQ-2VC3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-19 18:32 – Updated: 2024-08-19 18:32Missing Authorization vulnerability in nouthemes Leopard - WordPress offload media allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects Leopard - WordPress offload media: from n/a through 2.0.36.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-43256"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-19T18:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in nouthemes Leopard - WordPress offload media allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects Leopard - WordPress offload media: from n/a through 2.0.36.",
"id": "GHSA-x9qv-64rq-2vc3",
"modified": "2024-08-19T18:32:08Z",
"published": "2024-08-19T18:32:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-43256"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/leopard-wordpress-offload-media/wordpress-leopard-wordpress-offload-media-plugin-2-0-36-subscriber-plugin-settings-change-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.