Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

14630 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-W2W2-FVC5-FXFG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-22 21:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in hashthemes Smart Blocks allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Smart Blocks: from n/a through 2.4.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-59561"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-22T19:16:24Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in hashthemes Smart Blocks allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Smart Blocks: from n/a through 2.4.",
  "id": "GHSA-w2w2-fvc5-fxfg",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:18Z",
  "published": "2025-09-22T21:30:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59561"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/smart-blocks/vulnerability/wordpress-smart-blocks-plugin-2-4-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-W2W4-3X3R-9QM5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:40 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:40
VLAI
Details

An elevation of privilege vulnerability in the Telephony component could enable a local malicious application to access capabilities outside of its permission levels. This issue is rated as Moderate because it could be used to gain access to elevated capabilities, which are not normally accessible to a third-party application. Product: Android. Versions: 4.4.4, 5.0.2, 5.1.1, 6.0, 6.0.1, 7.0, 7.1.1. Android ID: A-33815946.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-0554"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-04-07T22:59:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An elevation of privilege vulnerability in the Telephony component could enable a local malicious application to access capabilities outside of its permission levels. This issue is rated as Moderate because it could be used to gain access to elevated capabilities, which are not normally accessible to a third-party application. Product: Android. Versions: 4.4.4, 5.0.2, 5.1.1, 6.0, 6.0.1, 7.0, 7.1.1. Android ID: A-33815946.",
  "id": "GHSA-w2w4-3x3r-9qm5",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:40:14Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:40:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-0554"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2017-04-01"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/97343"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038201"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-W2X8-253C-H6CQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-13 21:31 – Updated: 2026-03-13 21:31
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in raratheme Preschool and Kindergarten preschool-and-kindergarten allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Preschool and Kindergarten: from n/a through <= 1.2.5.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-32337"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-13T19:54:44Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in raratheme Preschool and Kindergarten preschool-and-kindergarten allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Preschool and Kindergarten: from n/a through \u003c= 1.2.5.",
  "id": "GHSA-w2x8-253c-h6cq",
  "modified": "2026-03-13T21:31:47Z",
  "published": "2026-03-13T21:31:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32337"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Theme/preschool-and-kindergarten/vulnerability/wordpress-preschool-and-kindergarten-theme-1-2-5-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-W2XJ-H2FQ-HCFV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-10 06:31 – Updated: 2026-07-10 06:31
VLAI
Details

A security flaw has been discovered in zhayujie CowAgent up to 2.1.0. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file channel/channel.py of the component Message Endpoint. The manipulation results in missing authorization. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-15332"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-10T05:16:34Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "A security flaw has been discovered in zhayujie CowAgent up to 2.1.0. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file channel/channel.py of the component Message Endpoint. The manipulation results in missing authorization. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.",
  "id": "GHSA-w2xj-h2fq-hcfv",
  "modified": "2026-07-10T06:31:21Z",
  "published": "2026-07-10T06:31:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-15332"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/zhayujie/CowAgent/issues/2874"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/zhayujie/CowAgent"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-15332"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/853105"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/377275"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/377275/cti"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-W32C-7VQV-H5GW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-16 18:31 – Updated: 2025-06-20 21:31
VLAI
Details

The EventON WordPress plugin before 4.5.5, EventON WordPress plugin before 2.2.7 do not have authorisation in an AJAX action, allowing unauthenticated users to retrieve email addresses of any users on the blog

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-0235"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-01-16T16:15:14Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The EventON WordPress plugin before 4.5.5, EventON WordPress plugin before 2.2.7 do not have authorisation in an AJAX action, allowing unauthenticated users to retrieve email addresses of any users on the blog",
  "id": "GHSA-w32c-7vqv-h5gw",
  "modified": "2025-06-20T21:31:41Z",
  "published": "2024-01-16T18:31:10Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0235"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/e370b99a-f485-42bd-96a3-60432a15a4e9"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-W336-Q5G2-FV28

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-05 18:30 – Updated: 2023-04-11 18:30
VLAI
Details

The WCFM Frontend Manager plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification and access of data in versions up to, and including, 6.6.0 due to missing capability checks on various AJAX actions. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with minimal permissions such as subscribers, to perform a wide variety of actions such as modifying knowledge bases, modifying notices, modifying payments, managing vendors, capabilities, and so much more. There were hundreds of AJAX endpoints affected.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-4937"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-04-05T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The WCFM Frontend Manager plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification and access of data in versions up to, and including, 6.6.0 due to missing capability checks on various AJAX actions. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with minimal permissions such as subscribers, to perform a wide variety of actions such as modifying knowledge bases, modifying notices, modifying payments, managing vendors, capabilities, and so much more. There were hundreds of AJAX endpoints affected.",
  "id": "GHSA-w336-q5g2-fv28",
  "modified": "2023-04-11T18:30:28Z",
  "published": "2023-04-05T18:30:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-4937"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=2629284%40wc-frontend-manager\u0026new=2629284%40wc-frontend-manager\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=2630745%40wc-frontend-manager\u0026new=2630745%40wc-frontend-manager\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=2632630%40wc-frontend-manager\u0026new=2632630%40wc-frontend-manager\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=2633187%40wc-frontend-manager\u0026new=2633187%40wc-frontend-manager\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=2634199%40wc-frontend-manager\u0026new=2634199%40wc-frontend-manager\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/d946d4b5-bed7-4808-b133-783b2dcd7992?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-W33F-8XQF-4C9C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-09 12:30 – Updated: 2025-01-09 12:30
VLAI
Details

The Responsive FlipBook Plugin Wordpress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the rfbwp_save_settings() functionin all versions up to, and including, 2.5.0 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-11929"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-09T11:15:11Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Responsive FlipBook Plugin Wordpress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the rfbwp_save_settings() functionin all versions up to, and including, 2.5.0 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.",
  "id": "GHSA-w33f-8xqf-4c9c",
  "modified": "2025-01-09T12:30:54Z",
  "published": "2025-01-09T12:30:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-11929"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://codecanyon.net/item/responsive-flipbook-plugin/2372863"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/53b24f9a-f225-40b5-9937-f7449d4832df?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-W349-F9MW-226W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-27 03:30 – Updated: 2025-05-27 03:30
VLAI
Details

The MStore API – Create Native Android & iOS Apps On The Cloud plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the create_blog function in all versions up to, and including, 4.17.5. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to create new posts.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-4683"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-27T03:15:24Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The MStore API \u2013 Create Native Android \u0026 iOS Apps On The Cloud plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the create_blog function in all versions up to, and including, 4.17.5. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to create new posts.",
  "id": "GHSA-w349-f9mw-226w",
  "modified": "2025-05-27T03:30:25Z",
  "published": "2025-05-27T03:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-4683"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/mstore-api/tags/4.17.5/controllers/helpers/blog-helper.php#L24"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/mstore-api/tags/4.17.5/controllers/helpers/blog-helper.php#L46"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3293669"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/b335bd15-7af7-4d8b-ad01-b1d9e76beb53?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-W36J-WW57-R68H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-05 06:31 – Updated: 2026-05-05 06:31
VLAI
Details

The ElementsKit Elementor Addons plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the Live_Action::reset() function in all versions up to, and including, 3.8.2 The function is hooked to the WordPress init action and triggers when both post and action=elementor GET parameters are present, with no authentication or nonce verification. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to overwrite the Elementor content (_elementor_data) of any elementskit_widget custom post type by visiting a specially crafted URL. The widget's custom designs, text, and configurations are permanently replaced with a blank template.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-4362"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-05T05:16:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The ElementsKit Elementor Addons plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the `Live_Action::reset()` function in all versions up to, and including, 3.8.2 The function is hooked to the WordPress `init` action and triggers when both `post` and `action=elementor` GET parameters are present, with no authentication or nonce verification. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to overwrite the Elementor content (`_elementor_data`) of any `elementskit_widget` custom post type by visiting a specially crafted URL. The widget\u0027s custom designs, text, and configurations are permanently replaced with a blank template.",
  "id": "GHSA-w36j-ww57-r68h",
  "modified": "2026-05-05T06:31:06Z",
  "published": "2026-05-05T06:31:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4362"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/elementskit-lite/tags/3.8.0/modules/widget-builder/init.php#L37"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/elementskit-lite/tags/3.8.0/modules/widget-builder/live-action.php#L10"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/elementskit-lite/tags/3.8.0/modules/widget-builder/live-action.php#L27"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3499543/elementskit-lite/trunk/modules/widget-builder/live-action.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?old_path=%2Felementskit-lite/tags/3.8.2\u0026new_path=%2Felementskit-lite/tags/3.9.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/7740fdfb-65b2-4d27-935f-b0e73487f0c4?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-W36Q-8FFJ-6HQ6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-28 06:30 – Updated: 2025-08-28 06:30
VLAI
Details

The Ajax Search Lite plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Basic Information Exposure due to missing authorization in its AJAX search handler in all versions up to, and including, 4.13.1. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to issue repeated AJAX requests to leak the content of any protected post in rolling 100‑character windows.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-7956"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-28T06:15:31Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Ajax Search Lite plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Basic Information Exposure due to missing authorization in its AJAX search handler in all versions up to, and including, 4.13.1. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to issue repeated AJAX requests to leak the content of any protected post in rolling 100\u2011character windows.",
  "id": "GHSA-w36q-8ffj-6hq6",
  "modified": "2025-08-28T06:30:57Z",
  "published": "2025-08-28T06:30:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7956"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/ajax-search-lite/tags/4.13.1/includes/classes/ajax/class-asl-search.php#L37"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3349881"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/ajax-search-lite/#developers"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/daa9c3dd-e8cf-4696-bc0c-4088509f89db?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.