CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
14649 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-V364-6887-93GF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-30 00:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:32Missing Authorization vulnerability in Templately allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Templately: from n/a through 3.1.5.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-50423"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-29T22:15:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Templately allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Templately: from n/a through 3.1.5.",
"id": "GHSA-v364-6887-93gf",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:32:14Z",
"published": "2024-10-30T00:31:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-50423"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/templately/vulnerability/wordpress-templately-plugin-3-1-5-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/templately/wordpress-templately-plugin-3-1-5-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V36C-X4C4-8WX6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-20 18:31 – Updated: 2026-02-25 00:31Missing Authorization vulnerability in soporteblue Plugin BlueX for WooCommerce bluex-for-woocommerce allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Plugin BlueX for WooCommerce: from n/a through <= 3.1.6.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-68022"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-20T16:22:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in soporteblue Plugin BlueX for WooCommerce bluex-for-woocommerce allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Plugin BlueX for WooCommerce: from n/a through \u003c= 3.1.6.",
"id": "GHSA-v36c-x4c4-8wx6",
"modified": "2026-02-25T00:31:21Z",
"published": "2026-02-20T18:31:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68022"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/bluex-for-woocommerce/vulnerability/wordpress-plugin-bluex-for-woocommerce-plugin-3-1-4-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V36X-3FMP-47FP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-05 12:31 – Updated: 2025-06-05 12:31The HyperComments plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data that can lead to privilege escalation due to a missing capability check on the hc_request_handler function in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.2. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to update arbitrary options on the WordPress site. This can be leveraged to update the default role for registration to administrator and enable user registration for attackers to gain administrative user access to a vulnerable site.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-5701"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-05T12:15:24Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The HyperComments plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data that can lead to privilege escalation due to a missing capability check on the hc_request_handler function in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.2. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to update arbitrary options on the WordPress site. This can be leveraged to update the default role for registration to administrator and enable user registration for attackers to gain administrative user access to a vulnerable site.",
"id": "GHSA-v36x-3fmp-47fp",
"modified": "2025-06-05T12:31:10Z",
"published": "2025-06-05T12:31:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5701"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/hypercomments/trunk/hypercomments.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/07fd6bee-5b00-4fc1-9f7a-3857fd35c763?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V383-2WGG-V483
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-16 21:32 – Updated: 2026-06-18 13:03Duplicate Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-f397-5vjw-v2c2. This link is maintained to preserve external references.
Original Description
OpenClaw before 2026.5.12 contains an allowlist bypass vulnerability in shell inline-command parsing that allows authenticated operators to execute unapproved commands. A command request using shell inline-command forms could route through a parser case missing the expected allowlist decision, enabling shell content execution without intended approval prompts.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openclaw"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "2026.5.10-beta.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-18T13:03:41Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-16T19:17:05Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Duplicate Advisory\n\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of\u00a0GHSA-f397-5vjw-v2c2. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\nOpenClaw before 2026.5.12 contains an allowlist bypass vulnerability in shell inline-command parsing that allows authenticated operators to execute unapproved commands. A command request using shell inline-command forms could route through a parser case missing the expected allowlist decision, enabling shell content execution without intended approval prompts.",
"id": "GHSA-v383-2wgg-v483",
"modified": "2026-06-18T13:03:41Z",
"published": "2026-06-16T21:32:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-f397-5vjw-v2c2"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-53866"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-allowlist-bypass-in-shell-inline-command-parsing"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Duplicate Advisory: Shell inline-command parsing could miss an allowlist check",
"withdrawn": "2026-06-18T13:03:41Z"
}
GHSA-V38C-2F82-67RG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-16 09:30 – Updated: 2024-10-16 09:30The Paytium: Mollie payment forms & donations plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the check_mollie_account_details function in versions up to, and including, 4.3.7. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers with subscriber-level access to verify the existence of a mollie account.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-7293"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-16T07:15:14Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Paytium: Mollie payment forms \u0026 donations plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the check_mollie_account_details function in versions up to, and including, 4.3.7. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers with subscriber-level access to verify the existence of a mollie account.",
"id": "GHSA-v38c-2f82-67rg",
"modified": "2024-10-16T09:30:31Z",
"published": "2024-10-16T09:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-7293"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026new=2853869%40paytium%2Ftrunk\u0026old=2824314%40paytium%2Ftrunk\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=#file0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/f065648a-436a-459c-8ab1-c948c78b43c9?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V3C3-56RG-4QFF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-08 09:31 – Updated: 2026-04-10 18:31Missing Authorization vulnerability in Themefic Tourfic tourfic allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Tourfic: from n/a through <= 2.21.4.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-39543"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-08T09:16:26Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Themefic Tourfic tourfic allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Tourfic: from n/a through \u003c= 2.21.4.",
"id": "GHSA-v3c3-56rg-4qff",
"modified": "2026-04-10T18:31:15Z",
"published": "2026-04-08T09:31:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-39543"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/tourfic/vulnerability/wordpress-tourfic-plugin-2-21-4-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V3C3-QR6M-8M7M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 07:13 – Updated: 2025-06-20 15:33system/workplace/views/admin/admin-main.jsp in Alkacon OpenCms before 6.2.2 does not restrict access to administrator functions, which allows remote authenticated users to (1) send broadcast messages to all users (/workplace/broadcast), (2) list all users (/accounts/users), (3) add webusers (/accounts/webusers/new), (4) upload database import and export files (/database/importhttp), (5) upload arbitrary program modules (/modules/modules_import), and (6) read the log file (/workplace/logfileview) by setting the appropriate value for the path parameter in a direct request to admin-main.jsp.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.opencms:opencms-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.2.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2006-3935"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-06-20T15:33:36Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2006-07-31T22:04:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "system/workplace/views/admin/admin-main.jsp in Alkacon OpenCms before 6.2.2 does not restrict access to administrator functions, which allows remote authenticated users to (1) send broadcast messages to all users (/workplace/broadcast), (2) list all users (/accounts/users), (3) add webusers (/accounts/webusers/new), (4) upload database import and export files (/database/importhttp), (5) upload arbitrary program modules (/modules/modules_import), and (6) read the log file (/workplace/logfileview) by setting the appropriate value for the path parameter in a direct request to admin-main.jsp.",
"id": "GHSA-v3c3-qr6m-8m7m",
"modified": "2025-06-20T15:33:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T07:13:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2006-3935"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/alkacon/opencms-core/commit/8f1c04c5a16fe8d0bdbd13b65bf2a7b5cf100ff9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/27996"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/28003"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/28010"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/28026"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/28031"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/28036"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/alkacon/opencms-core"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.opencms.org/export/download/opencms/opencms_6.2.2_src.zip"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Alkacon OpenCMS Improper Access Control via system/workplace/views/admin/admin-main.jsp"
}
GHSA-V3CP-RRHP-98MX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-12 09:31 – Updated: 2026-05-12 09:31The GWD Connect plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to missing authorization to limited code execution in all versions up to, and including, 2.9. This is due to the plugin's standalone agent endpoints (gwd-backup.php and gwd-logs.php) not verifying authentication when the API key has not been configured, which is the default state. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers - on unregistered installations only, in certain environments - to execute arbitrary code on the server via the update_agent action, which writes attacker-supplied PHP code to the agent file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-6663"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-12T09:16:55Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The GWD Connect plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to missing authorization to limited code execution in all versions up to, and including, 2.9. This is due to the plugin\u0027s standalone agent endpoints (gwd-backup.php and gwd-logs.php) not verifying authentication when the API key has not been configured, which is the default state. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers - on unregistered installations only, in certain environments - to execute arbitrary code on the server via the update_agent action, which writes attacker-supplied PHP code to the agent file.",
"id": "GHSA-v3cp-rrhp-98mx",
"modified": "2026-05-12T09:31:32Z",
"published": "2026-05-12T09:31:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-6663"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/graphic-web-design-inc/tags/2.9/gwd-backup.php?marks=1991,2002,2548#L1991"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/graphic-web-design-inc/tags/2.9/gwd-logs.php?marks=398,403,851#L398"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/4d2d435f-d6ce-41bd-8a45-e252fb4ba419?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V3F6-F29F-RGVP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-10-10 19:31 – Updated: 2021-08-18 21:44In Drupal 8.x prior to 8.3.7 When creating a view, you can optionally use Ajax to update the displayed data via filter parameters. The views subsystem/module did not restrict access to the Ajax endpoint to only views configured to use Ajax. This is mitigated if you have access restrictions on the view. It is best practice to always include some form of access restrictions on all views, even if you are using another module to display them.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "drupal/core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.3.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "drupal/drupal"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.3.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-6923"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2019-10-10T19:30:05Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-01-22T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In Drupal 8.x prior to 8.3.7 When creating a view, you can optionally use Ajax to update the displayed data via filter parameters. The views subsystem/module did not restrict access to the Ajax endpoint to only views configured to use Ajax. This is mitigated if you have access restrictions on the view. It is best practice to always include some form of access restrictions on all views, even if you are using another module to display them.",
"id": "GHSA-v3f6-f29f-rgvp",
"modified": "2021-08-18T21:44:06Z",
"published": "2019-10-10T19:31:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-6923"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/drupal/core/CVE-2017-6923.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/drupal/drupal/CVE-2017-6923.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.drupal.org/SA-CORE-2017-004"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.drupal.org/forum/newsletters/security-advisories-for-drupal-core/2017-08-16/drupal-core-multiple"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/100368"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1039200"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Missing Authorization in Drupal"
}
GHSA-V3J7-9CQ2-P3J3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-16 09:31 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:32Missing Authorization vulnerability in merkulove Spoter for Elementor spoter-elementor allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Spoter for Elementor: from n/a through <= 1.04.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-66162"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-16T09:15:58Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in merkulove Spoter for Elementor spoter-elementor allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Spoter for Elementor: from n/a through \u003c= 1.04.",
"id": "GHSA-v3j7-9cq2-p3j3",
"modified": "2026-01-20T15:32:15Z",
"published": "2025-12-16T09:31:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66162"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/spoter-elementor/vulnerability/wordpress-spoter-for-elementor-plugin-1-04-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/spoter-elementor/vulnerability/wordpress-spoter-for-elementor-plugin-1-04-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.