Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

15155 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-GMRM-QQ98-M6XV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-18 18:31 – Updated: 2026-03-18 18:31
VLAI
Details

The Post SMTP plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the handle_office365_oauth_redirect() function in all versions up to, and including, 3.8.0. This is due to the function being hooked to admin_init without any current_user_can() check or nonce verification. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to overwrite the site's Office 365 OAuth mail configuration (access token, refresh token, and user email) via a crafted URL. The configuration option is used during wizard setup of Microsoft365 SMTP, only available in the Pro option of the plugin. This could cause an Administrator to believe an attacker-controlled Azure app is their own, and lead them to connect the plugin to the attacker's account during configuration after upgrading to Pro.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-2559"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-18T16:16:27Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Post SMTP plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the `handle_office365_oauth_redirect()` function in all versions up to, and including, 3.8.0. This is due to the function being hooked to `admin_init` without any `current_user_can()` check or nonce verification. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to overwrite the site\u0027s Office 365 OAuth mail configuration (access token, refresh token, and user email) via a crafted URL. The configuration option is used during wizard setup of Microsoft365 SMTP, only available in the Pro option of the plugin. This could cause an Administrator to believe an attacker-controlled Azure app is their own, and lead them to connect the plugin to the attacker\u0027s account during configuration after upgrading to Pro.",
  "id": "GHSA-gmrm-qq98-m6xv",
  "modified": "2026-03-18T18:31:16Z",
  "published": "2026-03-18T18:31:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2559"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/post-smtp/trunk/Postman/Wizard/NewWizard.php#L104"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/post-smtp/trunk/Postman/Wizard/NewWizard.php#L2109"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3484515"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/323436b5-fbfe-4923-8b08-93c1fcabc016?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GMV6-9VW4-MJRF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-28 09:30 – Updated: 2026-01-28 09:30
VLAI
Details

The Database for Contact Form 7, WPforms, Elementor forms plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass due to missing capability checks on the CSV export functionality in all versions up to, and including, 1.4.5. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to download sensitive form submission data containing personally identifiable information (PII) by accessing the CSV export endpoint with an export key that is exposed in publicly accessible page source code. The vulnerability is created because while the shortcode properly filters displayed entries by user, the CSV export handler completely bypasses this filtering and exports all entries regardless of user permissions.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-0825"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-28T07:16:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Database for Contact Form 7, WPforms, Elementor forms plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass due to missing capability checks on the CSV export functionality in all versions up to, and including, 1.4.5. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to download sensitive form submission data containing personally identifiable information (PII) by accessing the CSV export endpoint with an export key that is exposed in publicly accessible page source code. The vulnerability is created because while the shortcode properly filters displayed entries by user, the CSV export handler completely bypasses this filtering and exports all entries regardless of user permissions.",
  "id": "GHSA-gmv6-9vw4-mjrf",
  "modified": "2026-01-28T09:30:30Z",
  "published": "2026-01-28T09:30:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-0825"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-entries/tags/1.4.5/contact-form-entries.php#L76"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-entries/trunk/contact-form-entries.php#L301"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-entries/trunk/contact-form-entries.php#L76"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-entries/trunk/templates/leads-table.php#L10"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3442962%40contact-form-entries\u0026new=3442962%40contact-form-entries\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/4048ae11-fece-42aa-baf3-c636c4875635?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GP33-9VVC-FGQ2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-29 03:33 – Updated: 2024-02-29 03:33
VLAI
Details

The ImageRecycle pdf & image compression plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the reinitialize function in all versions up to, and including, 3.1.13. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to remove all plugin data.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-1091"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-29T01:43:39Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The ImageRecycle pdf \u0026 image compression plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the reinitialize function in all versions up to, and including, 3.1.13. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to remove all plugin data.",
  "id": "GHSA-gp33-9vvc-fgq2",
  "modified": "2024-02-29T03:33:16Z",
  "published": "2024-02-29T03:33:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-1091"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3031424/imagerecycle-pdf-image-compression"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/3cb8b08c-a028-48bd-acad-c00313fe06b8?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GP34-PJ6P-5CXX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-18 00:30 – Updated: 2025-01-23 21:31
VLAI
Details

In NlpService, there is a possible way to obtain location information due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-9406"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-18T00:15:24Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In NlpService, there is a possible way to obtain location information due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
  "id": "GHSA-gp34-pj6p-5cxx",
  "modified": "2025-01-23T21:31:51Z",
  "published": "2025-01-18T00:30:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-9406"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2018-06-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GP44-QPW6-VJ4X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-10 15:31 – Updated: 2026-07-10 15:31
VLAI
Details

PraisonAI Platform (praisonai-platform) before 0.1.9 improperly authorizes deletion of issue dependencies. The DELETE dependency route accepts either endpoint of a dependency edge and checks delete permission only against the caller-selected URL issue. A workspace member who cannot delete a dependency through an owner-created issue endpoint (which returns 403) can delete the same dependency edge by targeting a related member-owned issue endpoint, because permission is validated against the member-owned issue's owner. This allows members to bypass owner/admin authorization and remove owner-created issue dependencies.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-61441"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-10T15:16:50Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "PraisonAI Platform (praisonai-platform) before 0.1.9 improperly authorizes deletion of issue dependencies. The DELETE dependency route accepts either endpoint of a dependency edge and checks delete permission only against the caller-selected URL issue. A workspace member who cannot delete a dependency through an owner-created issue endpoint (which returns 403) can delete the same dependency edge by targeting a related member-owned issue endpoint, because permission is validated against the member-owned issue\u0027s owner. This allows members to bypass owner/admin authorization and remove owner-created issue dependencies.",
  "id": "GHSA-gp44-qpw6-vj4x",
  "modified": "2026-07-10T15:31:42Z",
  "published": "2026-07-10T15:31:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-mxmx-rh57-jx58"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-61441"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/commit/846568c7a5d8ce9e71e56e4c213f027c04909753"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/praisonai-platform-before-authorization-bypass-via-dependencies"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GP4M-387M-P46X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-17 09:30 – Updated: 2024-08-17 09:30
VLAI
Details

The Radio Player plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the update_player function in versions up to, and including, 2.0.73. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to update player instances.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-4025"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-08-17T08:15:05Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Radio Player plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the update_player function in versions up to, and including, 2.0.73. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to update player instances.",
  "id": "GHSA-gp4m-387m-p46x",
  "modified": "2024-08-17T09:30:23Z",
  "published": "2024-08-17T09:30:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4025"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.svn.wordpress.org/radio-player/tags/2.0.7/readme.txt"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/2942906/radio-player/trunk/includes/class-ajax.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3048105"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/77409977-6822-4d14-9842-cb6a5aff2162?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GP8P-49GR-JV8J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-22 18:31 – Updated: 2025-01-23 23:14
VLAI
Summary
Missing permission checks in Jenkins Azure Service Fabric Plugin
Details

The Jenkins Azure Service Fabric Plugin 1.6 and earlier does not perform permission checks in several HTTP endpoints.

This allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to enumerate credentials IDs of Azure credentials stored in Jenkins. Those can be used as part of an attack to capture the credentials using another vulnerability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:service-fabric"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "1.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-24403"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-01-22T19:32:51Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-22T17:15:14Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Jenkins Azure Service Fabric Plugin 1.6 and earlier does not perform permission checks in several HTTP endpoints.\n\nThis allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to enumerate credentials IDs of Azure credentials stored in Jenkins. Those can be used as part of an attack to capture the credentials using another vulnerability.\n",
  "id": "GHSA-gp8p-49gr-jv8j",
  "modified": "2025-01-23T23:14:13Z",
  "published": "2025-01-22T18:31:56Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24403"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/service-fabric-plugin"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2025-01-22/#SECURITY-3094"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Missing permission checks in Jenkins Azure Service Fabric Plugin "
}

GHSA-GP8P-M3WW-5F47

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-03 03:31 – Updated: 2026-08-03 21:31
VLAI
Details

In Telephony, there is a possible escalation of privilege due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS11087526; Issue ID: MSV-8243.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-20483"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-03T03:16:43Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In Telephony, there is a possible escalation of privilege due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS11087526; Issue ID: MSV-8243.",
  "id": "GHSA-gp8p-m3ww-5f47",
  "modified": "2026-08-03T21:31:33Z",
  "published": "2026-08-03T03:31:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20483"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/August-2026"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GPFG-4C47-2CXM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-11 12:32 – Updated: 2026-06-11 12:32
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in BeRocket Advanced AJAX Product Filters allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.

This issue affects Advanced AJAX Product Filters: from n/a through 1.6.3.3.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-45813"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-11T12:16:28Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in BeRocket Advanced AJAX Product Filters allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.\n\nThis issue affects Advanced AJAX Product Filters: from n/a through 1.6.3.3.",
  "id": "GHSA-gpfg-4c47-2cxm",
  "modified": "2026-06-11T12:32:44Z",
  "published": "2026-06-11T12:32:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-45813"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/woocommerce-ajax-filters/vulnerability/wordpress-advanced-ajax-product-filters-plugin-1-6-3-3-broken-access-control-csrf?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GPGR-75R6-XCW2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-04 03:30 – Updated: 2023-12-07 15:30
VLAI
Details

In omacp service, there is a possible way to write permission usage records of an app due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-42698"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-12-04T01:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In omacp service, there is a possible way to write permission usage records of an app due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed",
  "id": "GHSA-gpgr-75r6-xcw2",
  "modified": "2023-12-07T15:30:37Z",
  "published": "2023-12-04T03:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-42698"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1731138365803266049"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.