CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
14965 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-FXRJ-98XJ-J69P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-08 09:31 – Updated: 2025-03-08 09:31The Aiomatic - Automatic AI Content Writer & Editor, GPT-3 & GPT-4, ChatGPT ChatBot & AI Toolkit plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access, modification, and loss of data due to a missing capability checks on multiple functions in all versions up to, and including, 2.3.6. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to update and delete posts, list and delete batches, list assistant uploaded files, delete personas, delete forms, delete templates, and clear logs. The vulnerability was partially patched in version 2.3.5.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-13816"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-08T09:15:31Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Aiomatic - Automatic AI Content Writer \u0026 Editor, GPT-3 \u0026 GPT-4, ChatGPT ChatBot \u0026 AI Toolkit plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access, modification, and loss of data due to a missing capability checks on multiple functions in all versions up to, and including, 2.3.6. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to update and delete posts, list and delete batches, list assistant uploaded files, delete personas, delete forms, delete templates, and clear logs. The vulnerability was partially patched in version 2.3.5.",
"id": "GHSA-fxrj-98xj-j69p",
"modified": "2025-03-08T09:31:48Z",
"published": "2025-03-08T09:31:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13816"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://coderevolution.ro/knowledge-base/faq/full-changelog-aiomatic-automatic-ai-content-writer-editor-gpt-3-gpt-4-chatgpt-chatbot-ai-toolkit/#item-description__changelog"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/69de7d93-b255-4d41-8680-9762ff632804?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FXV8-QV4G-WMHW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:49 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:49A root privilege escalation vulnerability in the Sonus SBC 1000 / SBC 2000 / SBC SWe Lite web interface allows unauthorised access to privileged content via an unspecified vector. It affects the 1000 and 2000 devices 6.0.x up to Build 446, 6.1.x up to Build 492, and 7.0.x up to Build 485. It affects the SWe Lite devices 6.1.x up to Build 111 and 7.0.x up to Build 140.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-11541"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-07-09T12:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A root privilege escalation vulnerability in the Sonus SBC 1000 / SBC 2000 / SBC SWe Lite web interface allows unauthorised access to privileged content via an unspecified vector. It affects the 1000 and 2000 devices 6.0.x up to Build 446, 6.1.x up to Build 492, and 7.0.x up to Build 485. It affects the SWe Lite devices 6.1.x up to Build 111 and 7.0.x up to Build 140.",
"id": "GHSA-fxv8-qv4g-wmhw",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:49:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:49:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-11541"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/CyberSKR/0134dff8f48d2e7b87227c554404bfcb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.sonus.net/display/UXDOC61/SBC+Edge+6.1.6+Release+Notes"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FXWQ-QQHR-34Q4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-11 18:31 – Updated: 2026-05-11 18:31In Meari IoT Cloud alert image storage on Alibaba OSS (latest observed; storage service version not disclosed), motion snapshots are retrievable without authentication, signed URLs, or expiry enforcement. URLs function as direct object references and remain valid beyond expected operational windows.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-33359"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-11T17:16:30Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Meari IoT Cloud alert image storage on Alibaba OSS (latest observed; storage service version not disclosed), motion snapshots are retrievable without authentication, signed URLs, or expiry enforcement. URLs function as direct object references and remain valid beyond expected operational windows.",
"id": "GHSA-fxwq-qqhr-34q4",
"modified": "2026-05-11T18:31:45Z",
"published": "2026-05-11T18:31:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33359"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xn0tsa/nobody-puts-baby-in-a-corner"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.runzero.com/advisories/meari-unauthenticated-alert-image-access-in-cloud-object-storage-cve-2026-33359"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G225-M5GC-PHVJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:31 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:31AtomXCMS 2.0 is affected by Arbitrary File Read via admin/dump.php
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-26650"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-22T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "AtomXCMS 2.0 is affected by Arbitrary File Read via admin/dump.php",
"id": "GHSA-g225-m5gc-phvj",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:31:58Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:31:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-26650"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Drunyacoder/AtomXCMS-2/issues/20"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-G246-2588-XPCW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-03 15:32 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:33Missing Authorization vulnerability in Realwebcare Image Gallery – Responsive Photo Gallery allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Image Gallery – Responsive Photo Gallery: from n/a through 1.0.5.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-24697"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-03T15:15:30Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Realwebcare Image Gallery \u2013 Responsive Photo Gallery allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Image Gallery \u2013 Responsive Photo Gallery: from n/a through 1.0.5.",
"id": "GHSA-g246-2588-xpcw",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:33:33Z",
"published": "2025-02-03T15:32:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24697"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/awesome-responsive-photo-gallery/vulnerability/wordpress-image-gallery-responsive-photo-gallery-plugin-1-0-5-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G25R-GVQ3-WRQ7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-25 19:36 – Updated: 2023-02-07 15:49Impact
An issue was discovered in Rancher where an authorization logic flaw allows an authenticated user on any downstream cluster to (1) open a shell pod in the Rancher local cluster and (2) have limited kubectl access to it. The expected behavior is that a user does not have such access in the Rancher local cluster unless explicitly granted.
This issue does not allow the user to escalate privileges in the local cluster directly (this would require another vulnerability to be exploited).
The security issue happens in two different ways:
-
Shell pod access - This is when a user opens a shell pod in the Rancher UI to a downstream cluster that the user has permission to access. The web request can be intercepted using the browser's web inspector/network console or a proxy tool to change the shell's destination to the Rancher
localcluster instead of the desired downstream cluster. -
This flaw cannot be exploited to access a downstream cluster that the user has no permissions to.
-
The shell pod runs with a limited non-root user, reducing the severity of this issue. However, even as a non-root user, it is still possible download and run binaries inside the shell pod.
-
The blast radius of this issue can increase based on the configuration of the
localcluster. For example:-
If the
localcluster has unlimited network access, e.g. to the Internet, the user can open a reverse network connection to the shell pod. -
Or access the cloud metadata API of the underlying cloud infrastructure, where the user can extract the credentials associated with the
localcluster and use them to interact with the cloud environment (this will be limited by the permissions granted to the cloud credentials in question). -
Check further recommendations about liming access to the cloud metadata API in Rancher's security best practices.
-
-
Kubectl access - When downloading the kubeconfig file of a downstream cluster that the user has access to, the
servercluster address in the kubeconfig file can be changed to point to the Rancherlocalcluster instead of the intended downstream cluster.-
This can also be achieved by crafting a kubeconfig using a Rancher token instead of using the kubeconfig from an active cluster.
-
This flaw cannot be exploited to access a downstream cluster that the user has no permissions to.
-
Notes:
- Rancher local cluster means the cluster where Rancher is installed. It is named as local inside the list of clusters in the Rancher UI.
- Audit logs in Rancher can be used to identify possible abuses of this issue, by tracking API requests to the user ID of the user that performed the action. API audit logs can be enabled as described in the documentation when set to level 1 or above.
Workarounds
There is no workaround or direct mitigation besides updating to a patched Rancher version.
Patches
Patched versions include releases 2.5.17, 2.6.10, 2.7.1 and later versions.
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:
- Reach out to SUSE Rancher Security team for security related inquiries.
- Open an issue in Rancher repository.
- Verify our support matrix and product support lifecycle.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/rancher/rancher"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.5.17"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/rancher/rancher"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.6.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.6.10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/rancher/rancher"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.7.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.7.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-21953"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-285",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-01-25T19:36:09Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-07T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nAn issue was discovered in Rancher where an authorization logic flaw allows an authenticated user on any downstream cluster to (1) open a shell pod in the Rancher `local` cluster and (2) have limited `kubectl` access to it. The expected behavior is that a user does not have such access in the Rancher `local` cluster unless explicitly granted.\n\nThis issue does not allow the user to escalate privileges in the `local` cluster directly (this would require another vulnerability to be exploited).\n\nThe security issue happens in two different ways:\n\n1. Shell pod access - This is when a user opens a shell pod in the Rancher UI to a downstream cluster that the user has permission to access. The web request can be intercepted using the browser\u0027s web inspector/network console or a proxy tool to change the shell\u0027s destination to the Rancher `local` cluster instead of the desired downstream cluster.\n\n - This flaw cannot be exploited to access a downstream cluster that the user has no permissions to.\n\n - The shell pod runs with a limited non-root user, reducing the severity of this issue. However, even as a non-root user, it is still possible download and run binaries inside the shell pod.\n\n - The blast radius of this issue can increase based on the configuration of the `local` cluster. For example:\n\n - If the `local` cluster has unlimited network access, e.g. to the Internet, the user can open a reverse network connection to the shell pod.\n\n - Or access the cloud metadata API of the underlying cloud infrastructure, where the user can extract the credentials associated with the `local` cluster and use them to interact with the cloud environment (this will be limited by the permissions granted to the cloud credentials in question). \n\n - Check further recommendations about liming access to the cloud metadata API in Rancher\u0027s [security best practices](https://ranchermanager.docs.rancher.com/reference-guides/rancher-security/kubernetes-security-best-practices).\n\n2. Kubectl access - When downloading the kubeconfig file of a downstream cluster that the user has access to, the `server` cluster address in the kubeconfig file can be changed to point to the Rancher `local` cluster instead of the intended downstream cluster.\n\n - This can also be achieved by crafting a kubeconfig using a Rancher token instead of using the kubeconfig from an active cluster. \n\n - This flaw cannot be exploited to access a downstream cluster that the user has no permissions to.\n\nNotes:\n- Rancher `local` cluster means the cluster where Rancher is installed. It is named as `local` inside the list of clusters in the Rancher UI.\n- Audit logs in Rancher can be used to identify possible abuses of this issue, by tracking API requests to the user ID of the user that performed the action. API audit logs can be enabled as described in the [documentation](https://ranchermanager.docs.rancher.com/how-to-guides/advanced-user-guides/enable-api-audit-log) when set to level `1` or above.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere is no workaround or direct mitigation besides updating to a patched Rancher version.\n\n### Patches\n\nPatched versions include releases 2.5.17, 2.6.10, 2.7.1 and later versions.\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n\n* Reach out to [SUSE Rancher Security team](https://github.com/rancher/rancher/security/policy) for security related inquiries.\n* Open an issue in [Rancher](https://github.com/rancher/rancher/issues/new/choose) repository.\n* Verify our [support matrix](https://www.suse.com/suse-rancher/support-matrix/all-supported-versions/) and [product support lifecycle](https://www.suse.com/lifecycle/).",
"id": "GHSA-g25r-gvq3-wrq7",
"modified": "2023-02-07T15:49:33Z",
"published": "2023-01-25T19:36:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rancher/rancher/security/advisories/GHSA-g25r-gvq3-wrq7"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-21953"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1199731"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/rancher/rancher"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Authenticated user can gain unauthorized shell pod and kubectl access in the local cluster"
}
GHSA-G27J-R52H-RGGQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-25 15:34 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:33Missing Authorization vulnerability in WPZOOM Recipe Card Blocks for Gutenberg & Elementor allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Recipe Card Blocks for Gutenberg & Elementor: from n/a through 3.4.3.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-26983"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-25T15:15:31Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in WPZOOM Recipe Card Blocks for Gutenberg \u0026 Elementor allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Recipe Card Blocks for Gutenberg \u0026 Elementor: from n/a through 3.4.3.",
"id": "GHSA-g27j-r52h-rggq",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:33:50Z",
"published": "2025-02-25T15:34:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-26983"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/recipe-card-blocks-by-wpzoom/vulnerability/wordpress-recipe-card-blocks-for-gutenberg-elementor-plugin-3-4-3-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G28C-HCR7-J2FW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-01 15:31 – Updated: 2024-11-01 15:31Missing Authorization vulnerability in Ahmed Kaludi, Mohammed Kaludi AMP for WP allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects AMP for WP: from n/a through 1.0.96.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-43146"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-01T15:15:39Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Ahmed Kaludi, Mohammed Kaludi AMP for WP allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects AMP for WP: from n/a through 1.0.96.1.",
"id": "GHSA-g28c-hcr7-j2fw",
"modified": "2024-11-01T15:31:59Z",
"published": "2024-11-01T15:31:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-43146"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/accelerated-mobile-pages/wordpress-accelerated-mobile-pages-plugin-1-0-96-1-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G28P-6MCC-V4RV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-10 15:31 – Updated: 2026-06-10 18:31Missing permission checks in Jenkins 2.567 and earlier, LTS 2.555.2 and earlier allow attackers with Overall/Read permission to determine other users' configured timezone and to enumerate view names of other users' "My Views".
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-53439"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-10T14:16:36Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing permission checks in Jenkins 2.567 and earlier, LTS 2.555.2 and earlier allow attackers with Overall/Read permission to determine other users\u0027 configured timezone and to enumerate view names of other users\u0027 \"My Views\".",
"id": "GHSA-g28p-6mcc-v4rv",
"modified": "2026-06-10T18:31:45Z",
"published": "2026-06-10T15:31:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-53439"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2026-06-10/#SECURITY-3713"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G293-CH5F-PCJX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-12 12:30 – Updated: 2024-03-12 12:30The LadiApp plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the publish_lp() function hooked via an AJAX action in versions up to, and including, 4.4. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers with subscriber-level access and above to change the LadiPage key (a key fully controlled by the attacker), enabling them to freely create new pages, including web pages that trigger stored XSS
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-4728"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-79",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-12T10:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The LadiApp plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the publish_lp() function hooked via an AJAX action in versions up to, and including, 4.4. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers with subscriber-level access and above to change the LadiPage key (a key fully controlled by the attacker), enabling them to freely create new pages, including web pages that trigger stored XSS",
"id": "GHSA-g293-ch5f-pcjx",
"modified": "2024-03-12T12:30:47Z",
"published": "2024-03-12T12:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4728"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/ladipage/trunk/ladipage.php#L1992"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/6dafc81c-f1be-422d-b34f-87f1956e8849?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.