Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

14935 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-F8R8-H93M-MJ77

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-05 21:30 – Updated: 2023-04-06 16:59
VLAI
Summary
HashiCorp Nomad vulnerable to unauthenticated client agent HTTP request privilege escalation
Details

HashiCorp Nomad and Nomad Enterprise versions 1.5.0 up to 1.5.2 allow unauthenticated users to bypass intended ACL authorizations for clusters where mTLS is not enabled. This issue is fixed in version 1.5.3.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.5.2"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/hashicorp/nomad"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.5.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.5.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-1782"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-285",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-04-06T16:59:26Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-04-05T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "HashiCorp Nomad and Nomad Enterprise versions 1.5.0 up to 1.5.2 allow unauthenticated users to bypass intended ACL authorizations for clusters where mTLS is not enabled. This issue is fixed in version 1.5.3.",
  "id": "GHSA-f8r8-h93m-mj77",
  "modified": "2023-04-06T16:59:26Z",
  "published": "2023-04-05T21:30:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-1782"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2023-12-nomad-unauthenticated-client-agent-http-request-privilege-escalation/52375"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/hashicorp/nomad"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "HashiCorp Nomad vulnerable to unauthenticated client agent HTTP request privilege escalation"
}

GHSA-F8RQ-8R29-248P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-10 15:31 – Updated: 2026-07-10 15:31
VLAI
Details

Capgo before 12.128.2 contains an information disclosure vulnerability in the get_orgs_v7(userid) RPC function that remains publicly invokable despite intended private access controls. Unauthenticated attackers can supply arbitrary user UUIDs to retrieve foreign users' organization membership, roles, management emails, and billing metadata.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-56279"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-10T15:16:42Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Capgo before 12.128.2 contains an information disclosure vulnerability in the get_orgs_v7(userid) RPC function that remains publicly invokable despite intended private access controls. Unauthenticated attackers can supply arbitrary user UUIDs to retrieve foreign users\u0027 organization membership, roles, management emails, and billing metadata.",
  "id": "GHSA-f8rq-8r29-248p",
  "modified": "2026-07-10T15:31:39Z",
  "published": "2026-07-10T15:31:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Cap-go/capgo/security/advisories/GHSA-fch8-pp28-mw2x"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-56279"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/capgo-information-disclosure-via-get-orgs-v7-rpc-endpoint"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F8W7-GF8J-VVV3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-27 12:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Arraytics Timetics allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Timetics: from n/a through 1.0.29.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-30828"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-27T11:15:44Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Arraytics Timetics allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Timetics: from n/a through 1.0.29.",
  "id": "GHSA-f8w7-gf8j-vvv3",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:07Z",
  "published": "2025-03-27T12:30:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30828"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/timetics/vulnerability/wordpress-timetics-plugin-1-0-29-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F8WV-8GW9-XVC6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-29 12:31 – Updated: 2025-07-29 12:31
VLAI
Details

The Bonanza – WooCommerce Free Gifts Lite plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the xlo_optin_call() function in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.0. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to set the opt in status to success.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-6730"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-29T10:15:29Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Bonanza \u2013 WooCommerce Free Gifts Lite plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the xlo_optin_call() function in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.0. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to set the opt in status to success.",
  "id": "GHSA-f8wv-8gw9-xvc6",
  "modified": "2025-07-29T12:31:21Z",
  "published": "2025-07-29T12:31:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6730"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/bonanza-woocommerce-free-gifts-lite/trunk/xl/includes/class-xl-opt-in-manager.php#L244"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/3c7a192b-25cc-4041-a72b-34fbd697045b?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F8XW-G352-95P4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-27 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:33
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in BdThemes Ultimate Store Kit Elementor Addons allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Ultimate Store Kit Elementor Addons: from n/a through 2.3.0.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-24584"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-27T14:15:28Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in BdThemes Ultimate Store Kit Elementor Addons allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Ultimate Store Kit Elementor Addons: from n/a through 2.3.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-f8xw-g352-95p4",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:33:29Z",
  "published": "2025-01-27T15:30:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24584"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/ultimate-store-kit/vulnerability/wordpress-ultimate-store-kit-elementor-addons-plugin-2-3-0-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F927-C8M5-JH63

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-01 15:31 – Updated: 2024-11-01 15:31
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Uncanny Owl Uncanny Toolkit Pro for LearnDash allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Uncanny Toolkit Pro for LearnDash: from n/a through 4.1.4.0

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-37439"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-01T15:15:24Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Uncanny Owl Uncanny Toolkit Pro for LearnDash allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Uncanny Toolkit Pro for LearnDash: from n/a through\u00a04.1.4.0",
  "id": "GHSA-f927-c8m5-jh63",
  "modified": "2024-11-01T15:31:57Z",
  "published": "2024-11-01T15:31:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-37439"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/uncanny-toolkit-pro/wordpress-uncanny-toolkit-pro-for-learndash-plugin-4-1-4-1-subscriber-arbitrary-post-page-duplication-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F92C-PVC8-F6H9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-21 12:32 – Updated: 2025-02-21 12:32
VLAI
Details

The Event Tickets and Registration plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized loss of data due to a missing capability check on the 'ajax_ticket_delete' function in all versions up to, and including, 5.19.1.1. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to delete arbitrary Attendee tickets.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-1402"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-21T12:15:30Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Event Tickets and Registration plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized loss of data due to a missing capability check on the \u0027ajax_ticket_delete\u0027 function in all versions up to, and including, 5.19.1.1. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to delete arbitrary Attendee tickets.",
  "id": "GHSA-f92c-pvc8-f6h9",
  "modified": "2025-02-21T12:32:13Z",
  "published": "2025-02-21T12:32:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1402"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/event-tickets/tags/5.18.1/src/Tribe/Assets.php#L202"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/event-tickets/tags/5.18.1/src/Tribe/Metabox.php#L30"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/event-tickets/tags/5.18.1/src/Tribe/Metabox.php#L490"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wordfence.freshdesk.com/a/tickets/375051"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/dbd838b6-7792-4378-8969-a70c6e16ff6a?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F92Q-3X4F-6FG8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-23 15:31 – Updated: 2026-01-23 21:30
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Mahmudul Hasan Arif FluentBoards fluent-boards allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects FluentBoards: from n/a through <= 1.91.1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-24561"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-23T15:16:13Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Mahmudul Hasan Arif FluentBoards fluent-boards allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects FluentBoards: from n/a through \u003c= 1.91.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-f92q-3x4f-6fg8",
  "modified": "2026-01-23T21:30:43Z",
  "published": "2026-01-23T15:31:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24561"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/fluent-boards/vulnerability/wordpress-fluentboards-plugin-1-91-1-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F946-9QP6-VGCH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-18 16:34 – Updated: 2026-06-08 20:07
VLAI
Summary
shopper/framework: Authorization bypass in multiple Livewire admin components
Details

Impact

Multiple Livewire components in the admin panel allowed an authenticated low-privilege user to mutate data without the required permission:

  • Order detail Filament actions (cancel, mark paid, mark complete, capture payment, archive, start processing) were callable with read_orders only and did not require edit_orders. capturePayment could trigger an actual PSP capture.
  • Order shipments table actions (mark delivered, edit tracking) were callable with browse_orders only.
  • Sub-form Livewire components for products (Edit, Inventory, Seo, Shipping, Files) had no authorization on store(), so any authenticated panel user could mutate product data without edit_products.
  • Settings/Team/Index had no mount() authorization at all — any authenticated user could create roles and delete other users.
  • Settings/Team/RolePermission gated its write actions on the read-only view_users permission, allowing privilege escalation via the RBAC system itself.
  • PaymentMethods, Currencies, Carriers table toggles and per-record actions had no per-action permission check.
  • Customers/Create::store() re-passed a Hidden _password form field into the create payload.

Several public Eloquent model properties on Livewire components were not #[Locked], allowing client-side ID tampering.

A stored XSS surface existed on the product barcode field, which is rendered through DNS1DFacade::getBarcodeHTML() with {!! !!}.

Patches

Fixed in v2.8.0. Upgrade via:

composer require shopper/admin:^2.8 shopper/cart:^2.8 shopper/core:^2.8
php artisan migrate

Workarounds

None. Upgrade to v2.8.0.

Resources

  • Pull request: https://github.com/shopperlabs/shopper/pull/511
  • CWE-862 Missing Authorization
  • CWE-285 Improper Authorization
Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "shopper/framework"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.8.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-47740"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-285",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-18T16:34:23Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-29T19:16:25Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Impact\n\nMultiple Livewire components in the admin panel allowed an authenticated low-privilege user to mutate data without the required permission:\n\n- Order detail Filament actions (cancel, mark paid, mark complete, capture payment, archive, start processing) were callable with `read_orders` only and did not require `edit_orders`. `capturePayment` could trigger an actual PSP capture.\n- Order shipments table actions (mark delivered, edit tracking) were callable with `browse_orders` only.\n- Sub-form Livewire components for products (Edit, Inventory, Seo, Shipping, Files) had no authorization on `store()`, so any authenticated panel user could mutate product data without `edit_products`.\n- `Settings/Team/Index` had no `mount()` authorization at all \u2014 any authenticated user could create roles and delete other users.\n- `Settings/Team/RolePermission` gated its write actions on the read-only `view_users` permission, allowing privilege escalation via the RBAC system itself.\n- `PaymentMethods`, `Currencies`, `Carriers` table toggles and per-record actions had no per-action permission check.\n- `Customers/Create::store()` re-passed a Hidden `_password` form field into the create payload.\n\nSeveral public Eloquent model properties on Livewire components were not `#[Locked]`, allowing client-side ID tampering.\n\nA stored XSS surface existed on the product barcode field, which is rendered through `DNS1DFacade::getBarcodeHTML()` with `{!! !!}`.\n\n## Patches\n\nFixed in `v2.8.0`. Upgrade via:\n\n```bash\ncomposer require shopper/admin:^2.8 shopper/cart:^2.8 shopper/core:^2.8\n```\n\n```shell\nphp artisan migrate\n```\n\n## Workarounds\n\nNone. Upgrade to `v2.8.0`.\n\n## Resources\n\n- Pull request: https://github.com/shopperlabs/shopper/pull/511\n- CWE-862 Missing Authorization\n- CWE-285 Improper Authorization",
  "id": "GHSA-f946-9qp6-vgch",
  "modified": "2026-06-08T20:07:22Z",
  "published": "2026-05-18T16:34:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/shopperlabs/shopper/security/advisories/GHSA-f946-9qp6-vgch"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-47740"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/shopperlabs/shopper/issues/510"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/shopperlabs/shopper/pull/511"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/shopperlabs/shopper/commit/fcd0c5920588702df5b874f432b1042abd77a50b"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/shopperlabs/shopper"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/shopperlabs/shopper/releases/tag/v2.8.0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "shopper/framework: Authorization bypass in multiple Livewire admin components"
}

GHSA-F95V-47R2-3322

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-27 21:32 – Updated: 2024-06-27 21:32
VLAI
Details

SDG Technologies PnPSCADA allows a remote attacker to attach various entities without requiring system authentication. This breach could potentially lead to unauthorized control, data manipulation, and access to sensitive information within the SCADA system.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-2882"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-06-27T19:15:13Z",
    "severity": null
  },
  "details": "SDG Technologies PnPSCADA allows a remote attacker to attach various entities without requiring system authentication. This breach could potentially lead to unauthorized control, data manipulation, and access to sensitive information within the SCADA system.",
  "id": "GHSA-f95v-47r2-3322",
  "modified": "2024-06-27T21:32:07Z",
  "published": "2024-06-27T21:32:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-2882"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-24-179-02"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.