CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
14892 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-F474-J5G7-2PCH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-08 06:31 – Updated: 2026-04-08 06:31The Users manager – PN plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Privilege Escalation via Arbitrary User Meta Update in all versions up to and including 1.1.15. This is due to a flawed authorization logic check in the userspn_ajax_nopriv_server() function within the 'userspn_form_save' case. The conditional only blocks unauthenticated users when the user_id is empty, but when a non-empty user_id is supplied, execution bypasses this check entirely and proceeds to update arbitrary user meta via update_user_meta() without any authentication or authorization verification. Additionally, the nonce required for this AJAX endpoint ('userspn-nonce') is exposed to all visitors via wp_localize_script on the public wp_enqueue_scripts hook, rendering the nonce check ineffective as a security control. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to update arbitrary user metadata for any user account, including the userspn_secret_token field.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-4003"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-08T05:16:06Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The Users manager \u2013 PN plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Privilege Escalation via Arbitrary User Meta Update in all versions up to and including 1.1.15. This is due to a flawed authorization logic check in the userspn_ajax_nopriv_server() function within the \u0027userspn_form_save\u0027 case. The conditional only blocks unauthenticated users when the user_id is empty, but when a non-empty user_id is supplied, execution bypasses this check entirely and proceeds to update arbitrary user meta via update_user_meta() without any authentication or authorization verification. Additionally, the nonce required for this AJAX endpoint (\u0027userspn-nonce\u0027) is exposed to all visitors via wp_localize_script on the public wp_enqueue_scripts hook, rendering the nonce check ineffective as a security control. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to update arbitrary user metadata for any user account, including the userspn_secret_token field.",
"id": "GHSA-f474-j5g7-2pch",
"modified": "2026-04-08T06:31:27Z",
"published": "2026-04-08T06:31:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4003"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/userspn/tags/1.0.31/includes/class-userspn-ajax-nopriv.php#L186"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/userspn/tags/1.0.31/includes/class-userspn-ajax-nopriv.php#L190"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/userspn/tags/1.0.31/includes/class-userspn-ajax-nopriv.php#L233"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/userspn/tags/1.0.31/includes/class-userspn-common.php#L168"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/userspn/tags/1.0.31/includes/class-userspn-functions-user.php#L235"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/userspn/trunk/includes/class-userspn-ajax-nopriv.php#L186"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/userspn/trunk/includes/class-userspn-ajax-nopriv.php#L190"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/userspn/trunk/includes/class-userspn-ajax-nopriv.php#L233"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/userspn/trunk/includes/class-userspn-common.php#L168"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/userspn/trunk/includes/class-userspn-functions-user.php#L235"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3491109%40userspn\u0026new=3491109%40userspn\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/27bb60c1-43fa-4a18-b9ca-059535b0d5b6?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F47G-CCCH-6353
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-09 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:35Missing Authorization vulnerability in Martin Gibson IdeaPush allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects IdeaPush: from n/a through n/a.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-48774"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-09T13:15:33Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Martin Gibson IdeaPush allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects IdeaPush: from n/a through n/a.",
"id": "GHSA-f47g-ccch-6353",
"modified": "2026-04-28T21:35:22Z",
"published": "2024-12-09T15:31:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48774"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/ideapush/vulnerability/wordpress-ideapush-plugin-8-53-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F48J-VWM8-858J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-06 21:30 – Updated: 2025-02-11 03:30An issue in the AsusSAIO.sys component of ASUS System Analysis IO v1.0.0 allows attackers to perform arbitrary read and write actions via supplying crafted IOCTL requests.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-55408"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-06T19:15:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue in the AsusSAIO.sys component of ASUS System Analysis IO v1.0.0 allows attackers to perform arbitrary read and write actions via supplying crafted IOCTL requests.",
"id": "GHSA-f48j-vwm8-858j",
"modified": "2025-02-11T03:30:54Z",
"published": "2025-01-06T21:30:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-55408"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/heyheysky/vulnerable-driver/blob/master/CVE-2024-55408/CVE-2024-55408_AsusSAIO.sys_README.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.asus.com/tw/support/myasus-deeplink"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://asus.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-F48M-3FQ9-H79W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-23 12:32 – Updated: 2026-07-23 12:32Unauthenticated Broken Access Control in YT Player <= 2.0.9 versions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-27422"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-23T12:17:18Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Unauthenticated Broken Access Control in YT Player \u003c= 2.0.9 versions.",
"id": "GHSA-f48m-3fq9-h79w",
"modified": "2026-07-23T12:32:24Z",
"published": "2026-07-23T12:32:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27422"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/yt-player/vulnerability/wordpress-yt-player-plugin-2-0-9-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F49J-VXRW-MV9M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-16 00:30 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:34A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14.8, macOS Tahoe 26. An app may be able to gain root privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-43341"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-15T23:15:36Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14.8, macOS Tahoe 26. An app may be able to gain root privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-f49j-vxrw-mv9m",
"modified": "2025-11-03T21:34:33Z",
"published": "2025-09-16T00:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-43341"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125110"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125112"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Sep/53"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Sep/55"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F4CH-J254-PH76
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-27 03:30 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:31Missing Authorization vulnerability in Conversios Conversios.io enhanced-e-commerce-for-woocommerce-store allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Conversios.io: from n/a through <= 7.2.10.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-62925"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-27T02:15:52Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Conversios Conversios.io enhanced-e-commerce-for-woocommerce-store allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Conversios.io: from n/a through \u003c= 7.2.10.",
"id": "GHSA-f4ch-j254-ph76",
"modified": "2026-01-20T15:31:36Z",
"published": "2025-10-27T03:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62925"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/enhanced-e-commerce-for-woocommerce-store/vulnerability/wordpress-conversios-io-plugin-7-2-10-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/enhanced-e-commerce-for-woocommerce-store/vulnerability/wordpress-conversios-io-plugin-7-2-10-broken-access-control-vulnerability"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/enhanced-e-commerce-for-woocommerce-store/vulnerability/wordpress-conversios-io-plugin-7-2-10-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F4CP-4P46-3F73
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-16 09:32 – Updated: 2026-07-16 09:32The Themify Builder plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in all versions up to, and including, 7.7.7. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized to perform an action. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to overwrite or delete the generated CSS stylesheet file of arbitrary posts, including private and draft posts owned by other users, and modify plugin-scoped font options. The required CSRF nonce (tf_nonce) is emitted on public front-end builder pages via wp_localize_script, making it trivially obtainable by any authenticated user visiting such a page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-15407"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-16T09:16:18Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Themify Builder plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in all versions up to, and including, 7.7.7. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized to perform an action. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to overwrite or delete the generated CSS stylesheet file of arbitrary posts, including private and draft posts owned by other users, and modify plugin-scoped font options. The required CSRF nonce (tf_nonce) is emitted on public front-end builder pages via wp_localize_script, making it trivially obtainable by any authenticated user visiting such a page.",
"id": "GHSA-f4cp-4p46-3f73",
"modified": "2026-07-16T09:32:17Z",
"published": "2026-07-16T09:32:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-15407"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/themify-builder/tags/7.7.5/classes/class-themify-builder-stylesheet.php#L160"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/themify-builder/tags/7.7.5/classes/class-themify-builder-stylesheet.php#L17"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/themify-builder/tags/7.7.5/classes/class-themify-builder-stylesheet.php#L313"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/themify-builder/tags/7.7.5/classes/class-themify-builder-stylesheet.php#L69"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/themify-builder/tags/7.7.7/classes/class-themify-builder-stylesheet.php#L160"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/themify-builder/tags/7.7.7/classes/class-themify-builder-stylesheet.php#L17"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/themify-builder/tags/7.7.7/classes/class-themify-builder-stylesheet.php#L313"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/themify-builder/tags/7.7.7/classes/class-themify-builder-stylesheet.php#L69"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?reponame=\u0026old=3607906%40themify-builder\u0026new=3607906%40themify-builder"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/b59e2773-31f0-4c19-b066-30982761bc44?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F4G5-4HXC-84XG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-14 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:33Missing Authorization vulnerability in Michael Revellin-Clerc Bulk Menu Edit allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Bulk Menu Edit: from n/a through 1.3.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-24692"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-14T13:15:50Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Michael Revellin-Clerc Bulk Menu Edit allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Bulk Menu Edit: from n/a through 1.3.",
"id": "GHSA-f4g5-4hxc-84xg",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:33:40Z",
"published": "2025-02-14T15:31:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24692"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/bulk-menu-edit/vulnerability/wordpress-bulk-menu-edit-plugin-1-3-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F4JP-MV74-FHX2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-16 18:31 – Updated: 2026-07-16 18:31Perfect Support Ticketing & Document Management System through 1.7 contains a broken access control vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers with Agent-level privileges to manipulate the Support Agent assignment field of tickets by bypassing intended authorization checks. Attackers can add or remove any user, including Superadmin accounts, from the Support Agent field of any ticket to which they are assigned, circumventing role-based access controls.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-63082"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-16T16:19:16Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Perfect Support Ticketing \u0026 Document Management System through 1.7 contains a broken access control vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers with Agent-level privileges to manipulate the Support Agent assignment field of tickets by bypassing intended authorization checks. Attackers can add or remove any user, including Superadmin accounts, from the Support Agent field of any ticket to which they are assigned, circumventing role-based access controls.",
"id": "GHSA-f4jp-mv74-fhx2",
"modified": "2026-07-16T18:31:32Z",
"published": "2026-07-16T18:31:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-63082"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/aaronamran/CVE-Disclosures/blob/main/CVE-2026/CVE-2026-63082"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/perfect-support-ticketing-system-broken-access-control-via-agent-assignment"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-F4M2-6G8H-79GQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-08 03:31 – Updated: 2025-07-08 03:31SAP Business Warehouse and SAP BW/4HANA BEx Tools allow an authenticated attacker to gain higher access levels than intended by exploiting improper authorization checks. This could potentially impact data integrity by allowing deletion of user table entries.�It has no impact on the confidentiality and availability of the application.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-42960"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-08T01:15:22Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "SAP Business Warehouse and SAP BW/4HANA BEx Tools allow an authenticated attacker to gain higher access levels than intended by exploiting improper authorization checks. This could potentially impact data integrity by allowing deletion of user table entries.\ufffdIt has no impact on the confidentiality and availability of the application.",
"id": "GHSA-f4m2-6g8h-79gq",
"modified": "2025-07-08T03:31:00Z",
"published": "2025-07-08T03:31:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-42960"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3608991"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.