CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
14837 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-CC44-H482-GJ5H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-02 03:32 – Updated: 2024-12-04 18:32Incorrect access control in the component content://com.handcent.messaging.provider.MessageProvider/ of Handcent NextSMS v10.9.9.7 allows attackers to access sensitive data.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-53605"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-02T01:15:04Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Incorrect access control in the component content://com.handcent.messaging.provider.MessageProvider/ of Handcent NextSMS v10.9.9.7 allows attackers to access sensitive data.",
"id": "GHSA-cc44-h482-gj5h",
"modified": "2024-12-04T18:32:35Z",
"published": "2024-12-02T03:32:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-53605"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cidy.notion.site/Improper-Access-Control-to-content-Provider-in-NextSMS-13cafb72d1d3807dbc2cebcb8574ccf9?pvs=74"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CC52-C5QX-VGG7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-19 06:31 – Updated: 2024-08-01 15:32The ArtPlacer Widget WordPress plugin before 2.21.2 does not have authorisation check in place when deleting widgets, allowing ay authenticated users, such as subscriber, to delete arbitrary widgets
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-7268"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-19T06:15:02Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The ArtPlacer Widget WordPress plugin before 2.21.2 does not have authorisation check in place when deleting widgets, allowing ay authenticated users, such as subscriber, to delete arbitrary widgets",
"id": "GHSA-cc52-c5qx-vgg7",
"modified": "2024-08-01T15:32:05Z",
"published": "2024-07-19T06:31:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-7268"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/9ac233dd-e00d-4aee-a41c-0de6e8aaefd7"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CC6H-G44V-7C7V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-02 06:34 – Updated: 2026-07-02 06:34The Envo's Templates & Widgets for Elementor and WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing authorization check on the Envo Tabs (and Off Canvas) widget's template rendering in versions up to, and including, 1.4.26. The render() method of the Tabs widget passes a user-controlled template/post ID directly to Elementor's get_builder_content_for_display() without verifying the referenced post's status (published/private/draft) or the visitor's authorization to view it. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Author-level access and above, to disclose the contents of private Elementor-driven pages and templates to anonymous visitors by configuring an Envo Tabs widget on a public post to reference the private content's ID (which can be supplied by editing the underlying Elementor widget JSON via the Elementor editor REST API).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-11600"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-02T06:16:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Envo\u0027s Templates \u0026 Widgets for Elementor and WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing authorization check on the Envo Tabs (and Off Canvas) widget\u0027s template rendering in versions up to, and including, 1.4.26. The render() method of the Tabs widget passes a user-controlled template/post ID directly to Elementor\u0027s get_builder_content_for_display() without verifying the referenced post\u0027s status (published/private/draft) or the visitor\u0027s authorization to view it. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Author-level access and above, to disclose the contents of private Elementor-driven pages and templates to anonymous visitors by configuring an Envo Tabs widget on a public post to reference the private content\u0027s ID (which can be supplied by editing the underlying Elementor widget JSON via the Elementor editor REST API).",
"id": "GHSA-cc6h-g44v-7c7v",
"modified": "2026-07-02T06:34:05Z",
"published": "2026-07-02T06:34:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-11600"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/envo-elementor-for-woocommerce/tags/1.4.25/modules/off-canvas/widgets/off-canvas.php#L631"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/envo-elementor-for-woocommerce/tags/1.4.25/modules/tabs/widgets/tabs.php#L103"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/envo-elementor-for-woocommerce/tags/1.4.25/modules/tabs/widgets/tabs.php#L1268"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/envo-elementor-for-woocommerce/tags/1.4.26/modules/off-canvas/widgets/off-canvas.php#L631"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/envo-elementor-for-woocommerce/tags/1.4.26/modules/tabs/widgets/tabs.php#L103"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/envo-elementor-for-woocommerce/tags/1.4.26/modules/tabs/widgets/tabs.php#L1268"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3578489%40envo-elementor-for-woocommerce\u0026new=3578489%40envo-elementor-for-woocommerce\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/26100f1f-3224-486c-b4f9-7086d405a883?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CCCP-R76H-97R3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-10 06:30 – Updated: 2026-02-10 06:30In ABAP based SAP systems a remote enabled function module does not perform necessary authorization checks for an authenticated user resulting in disclosure of system information.This has low impact on confidentiality. Integrity and availability are not impacted.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-0486"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-10T04:16:01Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In ABAP based SAP systems a remote enabled function module does not perform necessary authorization checks for an authenticated user resulting in disclosure of system information.This has low impact on confidentiality. Integrity and availability are not impacted.",
"id": "GHSA-cccp-r76h-97r3",
"modified": "2026-02-10T06:30:38Z",
"published": "2026-02-10T06:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-0486"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3691645"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CCCW-63FQ-W4WV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-13 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:32Missing Authorization vulnerability in i.lychkov Mark New Posts allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Mark New Posts: from n/a through 7.5.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-54311"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-13T15:15:37Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in i.lychkov Mark New Posts allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Mark New Posts: from n/a through 7.5.1.",
"id": "GHSA-cccw-63fq-w4wv",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:32:44Z",
"published": "2024-12-13T15:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-54311"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/mark-new-posts/vulnerability/wordpress-mark-new-posts-plugin-7-5-1-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CCF4-9HJC-XXC4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-26 21:30 – Updated: 2023-10-31 21:10Jenkins GitHub Pull Request Builder Plugin 1.42.2 and earlier does not perform a permission check in an HTTP endpoint.
This allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to enumerate credentials IDs of credentials stored in Jenkins. Those can be used as part of an attack to capture the credentials using another vulnerability.
As of publication of this advisory, there is no fix.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:ghprb"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.42.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-24436"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-01-27T01:09:02Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-26T21:18:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jenkins GitHub Pull Request Builder Plugin 1.42.2 and earlier does not perform a permission check in an HTTP endpoint.\n\nThis allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to enumerate credentials IDs of credentials stored in Jenkins. Those can be used as part of an attack to capture the credentials using another vulnerability.\n\nAs of publication of this advisory, there is no fix.",
"id": "GHSA-ccf4-9hjc-xxc4",
"modified": "2023-10-31T21:10:05Z",
"published": "2023-01-26T21:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24436"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/ghprb-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2023-01-24/#SECURITY-2789%20%281%29"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2023-01-24/#SECURITY-2789%20(1)"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins GitHub Pull Request Builder Plugin missing permission check allows enumerating credentials IDs"
}
GHSA-CCHP-7WR7-98GF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-14 09:31 – Updated: 2026-02-14 09:31The Smart Forms plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the 'rednao_smart_forms_get_campaigns' AJAX action in all versions up to, and including, 2.6.99. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to retrieve donation campaign data including campaign IDs and names.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-2022"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-14T07:16:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Smart Forms plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the \u0027rednao_smart_forms_get_campaigns\u0027 AJAX action in all versions up to, and including, 2.6.99. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to retrieve donation campaign data including campaign IDs and names.",
"id": "GHSA-cchp-7wr7-98gf",
"modified": "2026-02-14T09:31:33Z",
"published": "2026-02-14T09:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2022"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/smart-forms/trunk/integration/smart-donations-integration-ajax.php#L3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/smart-forms/trunk/smartforms.php#L90"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/381ec109-ca51-4011-b7e0-aec636540d59?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CCHW-3FJC-4266
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-19 18:31 – Updated: 2026-02-20 18:31Missing Authorization vulnerability in mdempfle Advanced iFrame advanced-iframe allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Advanced iFrame: from n/a through <= 2025.10.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-25412"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-19T09:16:23Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in mdempfle Advanced iFrame advanced-iframe allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Advanced iFrame: from n/a through \u003c= 2025.10.",
"id": "GHSA-cchw-3fjc-4266",
"modified": "2026-02-20T18:31:27Z",
"published": "2026-02-19T18:31:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25412"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/advanced-iframe/vulnerability/wordpress-advanced-iframe-plugin-2025-10-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CCQF-C5HQ-77MP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:05 – Updated: 2022-06-29 19:03No authentication/authorization is enforced when a server attempts to join a quorum in Apache ZooKeeper before 3.4.10, and 3.5.0-alpha through 3.5.3-beta. As a result an arbitrary end point could join the cluster and begin propagating counterfeit changes to the leader.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.4.9"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.zookeeper:zookeeper"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.4.10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.5.3-beta"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.zookeeper:zookeeper"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.5.0-alpha"
},
{
"fixed": "3.5.4-beta"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-8012"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-06-29T19:03:52Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2018-05-21T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "No authentication/authorization is enforced when a server attempts to join a quorum in Apache ZooKeeper before 3.4.10, and 3.5.0-alpha through 3.5.3-beta. As a result an arbitrary end point could join the cluster and begin propagating counterfeit changes to the leader.",
"id": "GHSA-ccqf-c5hq-77mp",
"modified": "2022-06-29T19:03:52Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:05:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-8012"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/053d9ce4d579b02203db18545fee5e33f35f2932885459b74d1e4272@%3Cissues.activemq.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/bcce5a9c532b386c68dab2f6b3ce8b0cc9b950ec551766e76391caa3@%3Ccommits.nifi.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/c75147028c1c79bdebd4f8fa5db2b77da85de2b05ecc0d54d708b393@%3Cdev.zookeeper.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r73daf1fc5d85677d9a854707e1908d14e174b7bbb0c603709c0ab33f@%3Coak-commits.jackrabbit.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r8f0d920805af93033c488af89104e2d682662bacfb8406db865d5e14@%3Cdev.jackrabbit.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rc5bc4ddb0deabf8cfb69378cecee56fcdc76929bea9e6373cb863870@%3Cdev.jackrabbit.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rca37935d661f4689cb4119f1b3b224413b22be161b678e6e6ce0c69b@%3Ccommits.nifi.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/re3a4048e9515d4afea416df907a612ed384a16c57cf99e97ee4a12f2@%3Cdev.jackrabbit.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4214"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2020.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/104253"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1040948"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Missing Authorization in Apache ZooKeeper"
}
GHSA-CCRH-3X3F-9W29
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-22 12:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34Missing Authorization vulnerability in Dotstore Advanced Linked Variations for Woocommerce allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Advanced Linked Variations for Woocommerce: from n/a through 1.0.3.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-46244"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-22T10:15:18Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Dotstore Advanced Linked Variations for Woocommerce allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Advanced Linked Variations for Woocommerce: from n/a through 1.0.3.",
"id": "GHSA-ccrh-3x3f-9w29",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:54Z",
"published": "2025-04-22T12:31:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-46244"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/linked-variation/vulnerability/wordpress-advanced-linked-variations-for-woocommerce-1-0-3-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.