CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
14824 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-C5FM-9QVP-83R3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-28 00:30 – Updated: 2026-05-28 00:30The Everest Forms – Contact Form, Payment Form, Quiz, Survey & Custom Form Builder plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized email sending due to a missing capability check on the send_test_email() function in all versions up to, and including, 3.4.7. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to send test emails to arbitrary addresses from the server.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-4888"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-28T00:16:43Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Everest Forms \u2013 Contact Form, Payment Form, Quiz, Survey \u0026 Custom Form Builder plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized email sending due to a missing capability check on the send_test_email() function in all versions up to, and including, 3.4.7. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to send test emails to arbitrary addresses from the server.",
"id": "GHSA-c5fm-9qvp-83r3",
"modified": "2026-05-28T00:30:30Z",
"published": "2026-05-28T00:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4888"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/everest-forms/tags/3.4.4/includes/class-evf-ajax.php#L1174"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/8bced7df-3e1a-4d7b-9ad0-64be5e18900f?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C5G8-RJQ4-799P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-09 06:31 – Updated: 2026-01-09 06:31The Japanized for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the order REST API endpoint in all versions up to, and including, 2.7.17. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to mark any WooCommerce order as processed/completed.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-14886"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-09T05:15:57Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Japanized for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the `order` REST API endpoint in all versions up to, and including, 2.7.17. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to mark any WooCommerce order as processed/completed.",
"id": "GHSA-c5g8-rjq4-799p",
"modified": "2026-01-09T06:31:05Z",
"published": "2026-01-09T06:31:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14886"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/woocommerce-for-japan/tags/2.7.17/includes/gateways/paidy/class-wc-paidy-endpoint.php#L51"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/4bf3248a-f235-472c-b751-96ac9838b27f?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C5GJ-7MPV-CV5P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-16 12:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:35Missing Authorization vulnerability in alexvtn Internal Linking of Related Contents allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Internal Linking of Related Contents: from n/a through 1.1.8.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-49884"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-16T12:15:28Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in alexvtn Internal Linking of Related Contents allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Internal Linking of Related Contents: from n/a through 1.1.8.",
"id": "GHSA-c5gj-7mpv-cv5p",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:35:48Z",
"published": "2025-07-16T12:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49884"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/internal-linking-of-related-contents/vulnerability/wordpress-internal-linking-of-related-contents-1-1-8-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C5JG-HQQG-WR3V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-05 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36Missing Authorization vulnerability in DesertThemes SoftMe allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects SoftMe: from n/a through 1.1.24.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-58817"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-05T14:15:52Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in DesertThemes SoftMe allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects SoftMe: from n/a through 1.1.24.",
"id": "GHSA-c5jg-hqqg-wr3v",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:05Z",
"published": "2025-09-05T15:31:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58817"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/theme/softme/vulnerability/wordpress-softme-theme-1-1-24-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C5VJ-WP4V-MMVX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-19 22:08 – Updated: 2023-07-19 22:08Impact
In Hazelcast Platform, 5.0 through 5.0.4, 5.1 through 5.1.6, and 5.2 through 5.2.3, and Hazelcast IMDG (all versions up to 4.2.z), Executor Services don't check client permissions properly, allowing authenticated users to execute tasks on members without the required permissions granted.
Patches
Fix versions: 5.3.0, 5.2.4, 5.1.7, 5.0.5
Workarounds
Users are only affected when they already use executor services (i.e., an instance exists as a distributed data structure).
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 5.2.3"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.hazelcast:hazelcast"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.2.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 5.1.6"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.hazelcast:hazelcast"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.1.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 5.0.4"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.hazelcast:hazelcast"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.0.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 5.2.3"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.hazelcast:hazelcast-enterprise"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.2.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 5.1.6"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.hazelcast:hazelcast-enterprise"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.1.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 5.0.4"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.hazelcast:hazelcast-enterprise"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.0.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-33265"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-07-19T22:08:40Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-18T16:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nIn Hazelcast Platform, 5.0 through 5.0.4, 5.1 through 5.1.6, and 5.2 through 5.2.3, and Hazelcast IMDG (all versions up to 4.2.z), Executor Services don\u0027t check client permissions properly, allowing authenticated users to execute tasks on members without the required permissions granted.\n\n### Patches\nFix versions: 5.3.0, 5.2.4, 5.1.7, 5.0.5\n\n### Workarounds\nUsers are only affected when they already use executor services (i.e., an instance exists as a distributed data structure).\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-c5vj-wp4v-mmvx",
"modified": "2023-07-19T22:08:40Z",
"published": "2023-07-19T22:08:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/hazelcast/hazelcast/security/advisories/GHSA-c5vj-wp4v-mmvx"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-33265"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/hazelcast/hazelcast"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/hazelcast/hazelcast/releases/tag/v5.0.5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/hazelcast/hazelcast/releases/tag/v5.1.7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/hazelcast/hazelcast/releases/tag/v5.2.4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hazelcast.com/s/article/Security-Advisory-for-CVE-2023-33265"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Hazelcast Executor Services don\u0027t check client permissions properly"
}
GHSA-C5VX-G5WG-GGF7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-04 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-12 00:01In aee daemon, there is a possible information disclosure due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS06383944; Issue ID: ALPS06270804.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-20100"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-03T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In aee daemon, there is a possible information disclosure due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS06383944; Issue ID: ALPS06270804.",
"id": "GHSA-c5vx-g5wg-ggf7",
"modified": "2022-05-12T00:01:59Z",
"published": "2022-05-04T00:00:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-20100"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/May-2022"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C5W7-M8WF-XC77
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-17 12:31 – Updated: 2026-02-18 22:39Apache NiFi 1.1.0 through 2.7.2 are missing authorization when updating configuration properties on extension components that have specific Required Permissions based on the Restricted annotation. The Restricted annotation indicates additional privileges required to add the annotated component to the flow configuration, but framework authorization did not check restricted status when updating a component previously added. The missing authorization requires a more privileged user to add a restricted component to the flow configuration, but permits a less privileged user to make property configuration changes. Apache NiFi installations that do not implement different levels of authorization for Restricted components are not subject to this vulnerability because the framework enforces write permissions as the security boundary. Upgrading to Apache NiFi 2.8.0 is the recommended mitigation.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.nifi:nifi-web-api"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.8.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-25903"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-18T22:39:26Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-17T10:15:57Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Apache NiFi 1.1.0 through 2.7.2 are missing authorization when updating configuration properties on extension components that have specific Required Permissions based on the Restricted annotation. The Restricted annotation indicates additional privileges required to add the annotated component to the flow configuration, but framework authorization did not check restricted status when updating a component previously added. The missing authorization requires a more privileged user to add a restricted component to the flow configuration, but permits a less privileged user to make property configuration changes. Apache NiFi installations that do not implement different levels of authorization for Restricted components are not subject to this vulnerability because the framework enforces write permissions as the security boundary. Upgrading to Apache NiFi 2.8.0 is the recommended mitigation.",
"id": "GHSA-c5w7-m8wf-xc77",
"modified": "2026-02-18T22:39:26Z",
"published": "2026-02-17T12:31:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25903"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/nifi/commit/119f8881fbc3cbd0d522b0c549b841da3de01f64"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/nifi"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/NIFI-15567"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/jf6bkt9sk6xvshy8xyxv3vtlxd340345"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/02/16/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/S:P/AU:Y/R:I/V:C/RE:M/U:Amber",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Apache NiFi: Missing Authorization of Restricted Permissions for Component Updates"
}
GHSA-C629-JM42-84F5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:57 – Updated: 2022-05-24 16:57base_sock_create in drivers/isdn/mISDN/socket.c in the AF_ISDN network module in the Linux kernel through 5.3.2 does not enforce CAP_NET_RAW, which means that unprivileged users can create a raw socket, aka CID-b91ee4aa2a21.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-17055"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-10-01T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "base_sock_create in drivers/isdn/mISDN/socket.c in the AF_ISDN network module in the Linux kernel through 5.3.2 does not enforce CAP_NET_RAW, which means that unprivileged users can create a raw socket, aka CID-b91ee4aa2a21.",
"id": "GHSA-c629-jm42-84f5",
"modified": "2022-05-24T16:57:30Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:57:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-17055"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2020:0790"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=0edc3f703f7bcaf550774b5d43ab727bcd0fe06b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=b91ee4aa2a2199ba4d4650706c272985a5a32d80"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/01/msg00013.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/03/msg00001.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/U6JNEWGIK7QA24OIUUL67QZNJN52NB7T"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Nov/11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4184-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4185-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4185-2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4186-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4186-2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-11/msg00035.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-11/msg00039.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/155212/Slackware-Security-Advisory-Slackware-14.2-kernel-Updates.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C63R-P9J6-XM6R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-29 09:31 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:35Missing Authorization vulnerability in ProFaceOff SSU.This issue affects SSU: from n/a through 1.5.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-33597"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-29T09:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in ProFaceOff SSU.This issue affects SSU: from n/a through 1.5.0.",
"id": "GHSA-c63r-p9j6-xm6r",
"modified": "2026-04-28T21:35:00Z",
"published": "2024-04-29T09:31:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-33597"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/wp-s3-smart-upload/wordpress-ssu-plugin-1-5-0-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C647-R7CV-2HRG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-22 21:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36Missing Authorization vulnerability in Maidul Team Manager allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Team Manager: from n/a through 2.3.14.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-58222"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-22T19:16:06Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Maidul Team Manager allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Team Manager: from n/a through 2.3.14.",
"id": "GHSA-c647-r7cv-2hrg",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:14Z",
"published": "2025-09-22T21:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58222"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/wp-team-manager/vulnerability/wordpress-team-manager-plugin-2-3-14-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.