CWE-79
AllowedImproper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.
71665 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-V65J-HFF3-753C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-25 15:03 – Updated: 2026-09-25 15:03Summary
With $wgEmbedVideoRequireConsent disabled (not the default), the urls for videos are passed into an iframe src attribute without sanitization. When given a malformed url or id, the src attribute can be escaped via double quotes, allowing for html/javascript injection.
Details
The iframe assembled here adds the url from getUrl() as the src without sanitization.
The id regex for the archiveorg service and the url regexes for the wistia and sharepoint services allow for double quotes to be introduced.
PoC
Using double quotes, the src attribute can be escaped.
<embedvideo service="archiveorg" id='a" onmouseover="alert(document.domain)" data-x="'></embedvideo>
Impact
When $wgEmbedVideoRequireConsent = false, any user able to edit a page can inject arbitrary JavaScript into an HTML event handler attribute (e.g. onfocus) via parameter. It requires no interaction (autofires via autofocus) and executes in the wiki origin for every visitor to the page.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.0.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "starcitizenwiki/embedvideo"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-57440"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-79",
"CWE-80"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-09-25T15:03:43Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-24T19:17:14Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nWith $wgEmbedVideoRequireConsent disabled (not the default), the urls for videos are passed into an iframe src attribute without sanitization. When given a malformed url or id, the src attribute can be escaped via double quotes, allowing for html/javascript injection.\n\n### Details\nThe iframe assembled [here](https://github.com/StarCitizenWiki/mediawiki-extensions-EmbedVideo/blob/a573a16d925ee0ea0d34b360856dc8ab0b88f822/includes/EmbedService/EmbedHtmlFormatter.php#L204-L208) adds the url from `getUrl()` as the src without sanitization.\nThe id regex for the archiveorg service and the url regexes for the wistia and sharepoint services allow for double quotes to be introduced.\n\n### PoC\nUsing double quotes, the src attribute can be escaped.\n```\n\u003cembedvideo service=\"archiveorg\" id=\u0027a\" onmouseover=\"alert(document.domain)\" data-x=\"\u0027\u003e\u003c/embedvideo\u003e\n```\n\n### Impact\nWhen $wgEmbedVideoRequireConsent = false, any user able to edit a page can inject arbitrary JavaScript into an HTML event handler attribute (e.g. onfocus) via parameter. It requires no interaction (autofires via autofocus) and executes in the wiki origin for every visitor to the page.",
"id": "GHSA-v65j-hff3-753c",
"modified": "2026-09-25T15:03:43Z",
"published": "2026-09-25T15:03:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/StarCitizenWiki/mediawiki-extensions-EmbedVideo/security/advisories/GHSA-v65j-hff3-753c"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-57440"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/StarCitizenWiki/mediawiki-extensions-EmbedVideo/commit/370156335b325bb81d14d89edf0a1f2643d50a84"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/StarCitizenWiki/mediawiki-extensions-EmbedVideo"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Mediawiki EmbedVideo Extension has stored XSS via malformed src url with $wgEmbedVideoRequireConsent disabled"
}
GHSA-V65Q-Q3CH-5JRG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-02 18:31 – Updated: 2024-10-16 15:32FlatPress v1.3 is vulnerable to Cross Site Scripting (XSS). An attacker can inject malicious JavaScript code into the "Add New Entry" section, which allows them to execute arbitrary code in the context of a victim's web browser.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-33209"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-79"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-02T16:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "FlatPress v1.3 is vulnerable to Cross Site Scripting (XSS). An attacker can inject malicious JavaScript code into the \"Add New Entry\" section, which allows them to execute arbitrary code in the context of a victim\u0027s web browser.",
"id": "GHSA-v65q-q3ch-5jrg",
"modified": "2024-10-16T15:32:06Z",
"published": "2024-10-02T18:31:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-33209"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/paragbagul111/CVE-2024-33209"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V65R-P3VV-JJFV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-19 16:36 – Updated: 2023-11-15 23:24Impact
A mutation cross-site scripting (mXSS) vulnerability was discovered in TinyMCE’s core undo and redo functionality. When a carefully-crafted HTML snippet passes the XSS sanitisation layer, it is manipulated as a string by internal trimming functions before being stored in the undo stack. If the HTML snippet is restored from the undo stack, the combination of the string manipulation and reparative parsing by either the browser's native DOMParser API (TinyMCE 6) or the SaxParser API (TinyMCE 5) mutates the HTML maliciously, allowing an XSS payload to be executed.
This vulnerability also impacts these related TinyMCE APIs and plugins:
* tinymce.Editor.getContent({ format: 'raw' })
* tinymce.Editor.resetContent()
* Autosave Plugin
Patches
This vulnerability has been patched in TinyMCE 5.10.8 and TinyMCE 6.7.1 by ensuring HTML is trimmed using node-level manipulation instead of string manipulation.
Fix
To avoid this vulnerability: * Upgrade to TinyMCE 5.10.8 or higher for TinyMCE 5.x. * Upgrade to TinyMCE 6.7.1 or higher for TinyMCE 6.x.
Acknowledgements
Tiny Technologies would like to thank Masato Kinugawa of Cure53 for discovering this vulnerability.
References
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Email us at infosec@tiny.cloud * Open an issue in the TinyMCE repo
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "tinymce"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.7.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "TinyMCE"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.7.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "tinymce/tinymce"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.7.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "tinymce"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.10.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "TinyMCE"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.10.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "tinymce/tinymce"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.10.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-45818"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-79"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-10-19T16:36:29Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-19T22:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\nA [mutation cross-site scripting](https://researchgate.net/publication/266654651_mXSS_attacks_Attacking_well-secured_web-applications_by_using_innerHTML_mutations) (mXSS) vulnerability was discovered in TinyMCE\u2019s core undo and redo functionality. When a carefully-crafted HTML snippet passes the XSS sanitisation layer, it is manipulated as a string by internal trimming functions before being stored in the undo stack. If the HTML snippet is restored from the undo stack, the combination of the string manipulation and reparative parsing by either the browser\u0027s native [DOMParser API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/DOMParser) (TinyMCE 6) or the [SaxParser API](https://www.tiny.cloud/docs/api/tinymce.html/tinymce.html.saxparser/) (TinyMCE 5) mutates the HTML maliciously, allowing an XSS payload to be executed.\n\u200bThis vulnerability also impacts these related TinyMCE APIs and plugins:\u200b\n* [`tinymce.Editor.getContent({ format: \u0027raw\u0027 })`](https://tiny.cloud/docs/tinymce/6/apis/tinymce.editor/#getContent)\n* [`tinymce.Editor.resetContent()`](https://tiny.cloud/docs/tinymce/6/apis/tinymce.editor/#resetContent)\n* [Autosave Plugin](https://tiny.cloud/docs/tinymce/6/autosave/)\n\n### Patches\nThis vulnerability has been patched in TinyMCE 5.10.8 and TinyMCE 6.7.1 by ensuring HTML is trimmed using node-level manipulation instead of string manipulation.\n\n### Fix\nTo avoid this vulnerability:\n* Upgrade to TinyMCE 5.10.8 or higher for TinyMCE 5.x.\n* Upgrade to TinyMCE 6.7.1 or higher for TinyMCE 6.x.\n\n### Acknowledgements\nTiny Technologies would like to thank Masato Kinugawa of [Cure53](https://cure53.de/) for discovering this vulnerability.\n\n### References\n* [TinyMCE 5.10.8 Release Notes](https://tiny.cloud/docs/release-notes/release-notes5108/)\n* [TinyMCE 6.7.1 Release Notes](https://tiny.cloud/docs/tinymce/6/6.7.1-release-notes/)\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Email us at \u003cinfosec@tiny.cloud\u003e\n* Open an issue in the [TinyMCE repo](https://github.com/tinymce/tinymce/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+sort%3Aupdated-desc)",
"id": "GHSA-v65r-p3vv-jjfv",
"modified": "2023-11-15T23:24:58Z",
"published": "2023-10-19T16:36:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tinymce/tinymce/security/advisories/GHSA-v65r-p3vv-jjfv"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-45818"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/tinymce/tinymce"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://researchgate.net/publication/266654651_mXSS_attacks_Attacking_well-secured_web-applications_by_using_innerHTML_mutations"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tiny.cloud/docs/release-notes/release-notes5108/#securityfixes"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tiny.cloud/docs/tinymce/6/6.7.1-release-notes/#security-fixes"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tiny.cloud/docs/api/tinymce.html/tinymce.html.saxparser"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "TinyMCE mXSS vulnerability in undo/redo, getContent API, resetContent API, and Autosave plugin"
}
GHSA-V662-MM9J-89WR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-26 09:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in Jordy Meow Gallery Custom Links allows Stored XSS. This issue affects Gallery Custom Links: from n/a through 2.2.5.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-60104"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-79"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-26T09:15:36Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (\u0027Cross-site Scripting\u0027) vulnerability in Jordy Meow Gallery Custom Links allows Stored XSS. This issue affects Gallery Custom Links: from n/a through 2.2.5.",
"id": "GHSA-v662-mm9j-89wr",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:21Z",
"published": "2025-09-26T09:31:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-60104"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/gallery-custom-links/vulnerability/wordpress-gallery-custom-links-plugin-2-2-5-cross-site-scripting-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V663-V876-4RW6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-12 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:43The Contact Form Email WordPress plugin before 1.3.38 does not escape submitted values before displaying them in the HTML, leading to a Stored XSS vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-2718"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-79"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-12T18:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Contact Form Email WordPress plugin before 1.3.38 does not escape submitted values before displaying them in the HTML, leading to a Stored XSS vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-v663-v876-4rw6",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:43:43Z",
"published": "2023-06-12T18:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2718"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/8ad824a6-2d49-4f02-8252-393c59aa9705"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.onvio.nl/nieuws/research-day-discovering-vulnerabilities-in-wordpress-plugins"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V665-8RF9-GPHR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:27 – Updated: 2022-05-02 03:27Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in WebKit in Apple Safari before 4.0, iPhone OS 1.0 through 2.2.1, and iPhone OS for iPod touch 1.1 through 2.2.1 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via vectors involving submission of a form to the about:blank URL, leading to security-context replacement.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2009-1689"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-79"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-06-10T14:30:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in WebKit in Apple Safari before 4.0, iPhone OS 1.0 through 2.2.1, and iPhone OS for iPod touch 1.1 through 2.2.1 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via vectors involving submission of a form to the about:blank URL, leading to security-context replacement.",
"id": "GHSA-v665-8rf9-gphr",
"modified": "2022-05-02T03:27:28Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T03:27:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-1689"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2009/Jun/msg00005.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2009/jun/msg00002.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2011-01/msg00006.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/54988"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/35379"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/43068"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securitytracker.com/id?1022344"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3613"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3639"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/35260"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/35332"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2009/1522"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2009/1621"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2011/0212"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-V668-P3JQ-RWW8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-05 03:30 – Updated: 2025-05-05 03:30A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in SeaCMS 13.2. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /admin_pay.php. The manipulation of the argument cstatus leads to cross site scripting. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-4257"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-79"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-05T01:15:49Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in SeaCMS 13.2. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /admin_pay.php. The manipulation of the argument cstatus leads to cross site scripting. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-v668-p3jq-rww8",
"modified": "2025-05-05T03:30:21Z",
"published": "2025-05-05T03:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-4257"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/seacms-net/CMS/issues/26"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/seacms-net/CMS/issues/26#issue-3007084603"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.307361"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.307361"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.562719"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-V669-8M26-4R4W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-03 15:30 – Updated: 2025-09-05 21:32An Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in DeepSeek R1 through V3.1 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via unspecified input fields.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-26210"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-79"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-03T14:15:44Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in DeepSeek R1 through V3.1 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via unspecified input fields.",
"id": "GHSA-v669-8m26-4r4w",
"modified": "2025-09-05T21:32:36Z",
"published": "2025-09-03T15:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-26210"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://deepseek.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackmd.io/@MrqrFIlhQFi7vUwkqbrXDw/deepseek"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://youtu.be/IgQwy52FVT4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://deepseek.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V66F-9XX4-8G7Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:00 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:00In b3log Solo 2.9.3, XSS in the Input page under the Publish Articles menu, with an ID of linkAddress stored in the link JSON field, allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary Web scripts or HTML via a crafted site name provided by an administrator.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-16805"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-79"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-09-10T23:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In b3log Solo 2.9.3, XSS in the Input page under the Publish Articles menu, with an ID of linkAddress stored in the link JSON field, allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary Web scripts or HTML via a crafted site name provided by an administrator.",
"id": "GHSA-v66f-9xx4-8g7q",
"modified": "2022-05-14T02:00:34Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:00:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-16805"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/b3log/solo/issues/12501"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V66G-P9X6-V98P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-07 14:43 – Updated: 2025-03-06 18:11Summary
One of the sample scripts in PhpSpreadsheet is susceptible to a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability due to improper handling of input where a number is expected leading to formula injection.
Details
The following code in 45_Quadratic_equation_solver.php concatenates the user supplied parameters directly into spreadsheet formulas. This allows an attacker to take control over the formula and output unsanitized data into the page, resulting in JavaScript execution.
$discriminantFormula = '=POWER(' . $_POST['B'] . ',2) - (4 * ' . $_POST['A'] . ' * ' . $_POST['C'] . ')';
$discriminant = Calculation::getInstance()->calculateFormula($discriminantFormula);
$r1Formula = '=IMDIV(IMSUM(-' . $_POST['B'] . ',IMSQRT(' . $discriminant . ')),2 * ' . $_POST['A'] . ')';
$r2Formula = '=IF(' . $discriminant . '=0,"Only one root",IMDIV(IMSUB(-' . $_POST['B'] . ',IMSQRT(' . $discriminant . ')),2 * ' . $_POST['A'] . '))';
PoC
- Access
45_Quadratic_equation_solver.phpin a browser - Enter any valid values for for
bandc, and enter the following fora
1) & ("1)),1)&char(60)&char(105)&char(109)&char(103)&char(32)&char(115)&char(114)&char(99)&char(61)&char(120)&char(32)&char(111)&char(110)&char(101)&char(114)&char(114)&char(111)&char(114)&char(61)&char(97)&char(108)&char(101)&char(114)&char(116)&char(40)&char(41)&char(62)&POWER(((1") &n("1")&(1
- Press submit and observe that JavaScript is executed.
Impact
The impact of this vulnerability on the project is expected to be relatively low since these are sample files that should not be included when the library is used properly (e.g., through composer). However, at least two instances of popular WordPress plugins have unintentionally exposed this file by including the entire git repository. Since these files also serve as reference points for developers using the library, addressing this issue can enhance security for users.
A solution to fix the vulnerability is proposed below, and a request for a CVE assignment has been made to facilitate responsible disclosure of the security issue to the affected WordPress plugins.
Remediation
A quick and easy solution to prevent this attack is to force the parameters to be numerical values:
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
$_POST['A'] = floatval($_POST['A']);
$_POST['B'] = floatval($_POST['B']);
$_POST['C'] = floatval($_POST['C']);
if ($_POST['A'] == 0) {
Thank you for your time!
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "phpoffice/phpspreadsheet"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "phpoffice/phpspreadsheet"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.29.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "phpoffice/phpspreadsheet"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "phpoffice/phpexcel"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.8.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-45060"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-79"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-10-07T14:43:30Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-07T21:15:17Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nOne of the sample scripts in PhpSpreadsheet is susceptible to a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability due to improper handling of input where a number is expected leading to formula injection.\n\n### Details\n\nThe following [code](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/blob/d50b8b5de7e30439fb57eae7df9ea90e79fa0f2d/samples/Basic/45_Quadratic_equation_solver.php#L56) in `45_Quadratic_equation_solver.php` concatenates the user supplied parameters directly into spreadsheet formulas. This allows an attacker to take control over the formula and output unsanitized data into the page, resulting in JavaScript execution.\n```\n$discriminantFormula = \u0027=POWER(\u0027 . $_POST[\u0027B\u0027] . \u0027,2) - (4 * \u0027 . $_POST[\u0027A\u0027] . \u0027 * \u0027 . $_POST[\u0027C\u0027] . \u0027)\u0027;\n$discriminant = Calculation::getInstance()-\u003ecalculateFormula($discriminantFormula);\n\n$r1Formula = \u0027=IMDIV(IMSUM(-\u0027 . $_POST[\u0027B\u0027] . \u0027,IMSQRT(\u0027 . $discriminant . \u0027)),2 * \u0027 . $_POST[\u0027A\u0027] . \u0027)\u0027;\n$r2Formula = \u0027=IF(\u0027 . $discriminant . \u0027=0,\"Only one root\",IMDIV(IMSUB(-\u0027 . $_POST[\u0027B\u0027] . \u0027,IMSQRT(\u0027 . $discriminant . \u0027)),2 * \u0027 . $_POST[\u0027A\u0027] . \u0027))\u0027;\n```\n\n\n### PoC\n1. Access `45_Quadratic_equation_solver.php` in a browser\n2. Enter any valid values for for `b` and `c`, and enter the following for `a`\n\n```\n1) \u0026 (\"1)),1)\u0026char(60)\u0026char(105)\u0026char(109)\u0026char(103)\u0026char(32)\u0026char(115)\u0026char(114)\u0026char(99)\u0026char(61)\u0026char(120)\u0026char(32)\u0026char(111)\u0026char(110)\u0026char(101)\u0026char(114)\u0026char(114)\u0026char(111)\u0026char(114)\u0026char(61)\u0026char(97)\u0026char(108)\u0026char(101)\u0026char(114)\u0026char(116)\u0026char(40)\u0026char(41)\u0026char(62)\u0026POWER(((1\") \u0026n(\"1\")\u0026(1\n```\n\n3. Press submit and observe that JavaScript is executed.\n\n\n\n### Impact\n\nThe impact of this vulnerability on the project is expected to be relatively low since these are sample files that should not be included when the library is used properly (e.g., through composer). However, at least two instances of popular WordPress plugins have unintentionally exposed this file by including the entire git repository. Since these files also serve as reference points for developers using the library, addressing this issue can enhance security for users.\n\nA solution to fix the vulnerability is proposed below, and a request for a CVE assignment has been made to facilitate responsible disclosure of the security issue to the affected WordPress plugins.\n\n### Remediation\n\nA quick and easy solution to prevent this attack is to force the parameters to be numerical values:\n\n```php\nif (isset($_POST[\u0027submit\u0027])) {\n $_POST[\u0027A\u0027] = floatval($_POST[\u0027A\u0027]);\n $_POST[\u0027B\u0027] = floatval($_POST[\u0027B\u0027]);\n $_POST[\u0027C\u0027] = floatval($_POST[\u0027C\u0027]);\n if ($_POST[\u0027A\u0027] == 0) {\n```\n\nThank you for your time!",
"id": "GHSA-v66g-p9x6-v98p",
"modified": "2025-03-06T18:11:24Z",
"published": "2024-10-07T14:43:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/security/advisories/GHSA-v66g-p9x6-v98p"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-45060"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/commit/3990173db1207767139e63d33783beafada57007"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/commit/bc74f3aa1d76f191c6c7c3631e286abb25c38759"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/commit/fb42a103f14cfce258c836b31f4a71f1fb1a9747"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/blob/d50b8b5de7e30439fb57eae7df9ea90e79fa0f2d/samples/Basic/45_Quadratic_equation_solver.php#L56"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "PhpSpreadsheet has an Unauthenticated Cross-Site-Scripting (XSS) in sample file"
}
Mitigation MIT-4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- Examples of libraries and frameworks that make it easier to generate properly encoded output include Microsoft's Anti-XSS library, the OWASP ESAPI Encoding module, and Apache Wicket.
Mitigation
- Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages. Study all expected communication protocols and data representations to determine the required encoding strategies.
- For any data that will be output to another web page, especially any data that was received from external inputs, use the appropriate encoding on all non-alphanumeric characters.
- Parts of the same output document may require different encodings, which will vary depending on whether the output is in the:
- etc. Note that HTML Entity Encoding is only appropriate for the HTML body.
- Consult the XSS Prevention Cheat Sheet [REF-724] for more details on the types of encoding and escaping that are needed.
- HTML body
- Element attributes (such as src="XYZ")
- URIs
- JavaScript sections
- Cascading Style Sheets and style property
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-27
Strategy: Parameterization
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Mitigation MIT-30.1
Strategy: Output Encoding
- Use and specify an output encoding that can be handled by the downstream component that is reading the output. Common encodings include ISO-8859-1, UTF-7, and UTF-8. When an encoding is not specified, a downstream component may choose a different encoding, either by assuming a default encoding or automatically inferring which encoding is being used, which can be erroneous. When the encodings are inconsistent, the downstream component might treat some character or byte sequences as special, even if they are not special in the original encoding. Attackers might then be able to exploit this discrepancy and conduct injection attacks; they even might be able to bypass protection mechanisms that assume the original encoding is also being used by the downstream component.
- The problem of inconsistent output encodings often arises in web pages. If an encoding is not specified in an HTTP header, web browsers often guess about which encoding is being used. This can open up the browser to subtle XSS attacks.
Mitigation MIT-43
With Struts, write all data from form beans with the bean's filter attribute set to true.
Mitigation MIT-31
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
To help mitigate XSS attacks against the user's session cookie, set the session cookie to be HttpOnly. In browsers that support the HttpOnly feature (such as more recent versions of Internet Explorer and Firefox), this attribute can prevent the user's session cookie from being accessible to malicious client-side scripts that use document.cookie. This is not a complete solution, since HttpOnly is not supported by all browsers. More importantly, XmlHttpRequest and other powerful browser technologies provide read access to HTTP headers, including the Set-Cookie header in which the HttpOnly flag is set.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When dynamically constructing web pages, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. All input should be validated and cleansed, not just parameters that the user is supposed to specify, but all data in the request, including hidden fields, cookies, headers, the URL itself, and so forth. A common mistake that leads to continuing XSS vulnerabilities is to validate only fields that are expected to be redisplayed by the site. It is common to see data from the request that is reflected by the application server or the application that the development team did not anticipate. Also, a field that is not currently reflected may be used by a future developer. Therefore, validating ALL parts of the HTTP request is recommended.
- Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing XSS, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent XSS, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, in a chat application, the heart emoticon ("<3") would likely pass the validation step, since it is commonly used. However, it cannot be directly inserted into the web page because it contains the "<" character, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the "<" might reduce the risk of XSS, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the emoticon would not be recorded. This might seem to be a minor inconvenience, but it would be more important in a mathematical forum that wants to represent inequalities.
- Even if you make a mistake in your validation (such as forgetting one out of 100 input fields), appropriate encoding is still likely to protect you from injection-based attacks. As long as it is not done in isolation, input validation is still a useful technique, since it may significantly reduce your attack surface, allow you to detect some attacks, and provide other security benefits that proper encoding does not address.
- Ensure that you perform input validation at well-defined interfaces within the application. This will help protect the application even if a component is reused or moved elsewhere.
Mitigation MIT-21
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation MIT-16
Strategy: Environment Hardening
When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-209: XSS Using MIME Type Mismatch
An adversary creates a file with scripting content but where the specified MIME type of the file is such that scripting is not expected. The adversary tricks the victim into accessing a URL that responds with the script file. Some browsers will detect that the specified MIME type of the file does not match the actual type of its content and will automatically switch to using an interpreter for the real content type. If the browser does not invoke script filters before doing this, the adversary's script may run on the target unsanitized, possibly revealing the victim's cookies or executing arbitrary script in their browser.
CAPEC-588: DOM-Based XSS
This type of attack is a form of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) where a malicious script is inserted into the client-side HTML being parsed by a web browser. Content served by a vulnerable web application includes script code used to manipulate the Document Object Model (DOM). This script code either does not properly validate input, or does not perform proper output encoding, thus creating an opportunity for an adversary to inject a malicious script launch a XSS attack. A key distinction between other XSS attacks and DOM-based attacks is that in other XSS attacks, the malicious script runs when the vulnerable web page is initially loaded, while a DOM-based attack executes sometime after the page loads. Another distinction of DOM-based attacks is that in some cases, the malicious script is never sent to the vulnerable web server at all. An attack like this is guaranteed to bypass any server-side filtering attempts to protect users.
CAPEC-591: Reflected XSS
This type of attack is a form of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) where a malicious script is "reflected" off a vulnerable web application and then executed by a victim's browser. The process starts with an adversary delivering a malicious script to a victim and convincing the victim to send the script to the vulnerable web application.
CAPEC-592: Stored XSS
An adversary utilizes a form of Cross-site Scripting (XSS) where a malicious script is persistently "stored" within the data storage of a vulnerable web application as valid input.
CAPEC-63: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
An adversary embeds malicious scripts in content that will be served to web browsers. The goal of the attack is for the target software, the client-side browser, to execute the script with the users' privilege level. An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute code and scripts. Web browsers, for example, have some simple security controls in place, but if a remote attacker is allowed to execute scripts (through injecting them in to user-generated content like bulletin boards) then these controls may be bypassed. Further, these attacks are very difficult for an end user to detect.
CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting
This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.