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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-79

Allowed

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.

68903 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-48094 (GCVE-0-2026-48094)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-07 12:37 – Updated: 2026-08-07 15:10
VLAI
Title
ShareOpenly has Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) via Missing esc_url() on Shared URL in Content Output
Summary
The ShareOpenly WordPress plugin prior to version 1.2.1 contains a Cross-Site Scripting vulnerability caused by the absence of WordPress's `esc_url()` escaping function on the `$url` variable before it is rendered into HTML content. This variable is constructed from `home_url( add_query_arg( array(), $wp->request ) )` and is concatenated directly into an HTML `href` attribute on every singular post or page where the plugin's sharing link is displayed. WordPress's security handbook mandates that every URL placed in HTML output must be passed through `esc_url()`, which both HTML-encodes special characters (converting `"`, `<`, `>` into their safe HTML entity equivalents) and strips dangerous URI schemes such as `javascript:` and `data:`. The omission of this function means that if the `$url` value ever contains HTML-special characters or a dangerous URI scheme — through a `home_url` WordPress filter applied by another plugin or theme, through certain web server or hosting configurations, or through future code changes — the unescaped content will be injected verbatim into the rendered HTML of every post or page on the site. Version 1.2.1 contains a patch for the issue.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-07 15:09 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
dartiss shareopenly Affected: < 1.2.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-48093 (GCVE-0-2026-48093)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-07 15:46 – Updated: 2026-08-10 11:58
VLAI
Title
Code Embed - Contributor Stored Cross-Site Scripting via Remote URL Embed
Summary
The Code Embed WordPress plugin prior to version 2.6.1 is vulnerable to stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) through the external URL embed feature in post content. The vulnerable code scans rendered content for URL embed tokens, fetches the remote URL, and inserts the remote response body into the page without output sanitization or an `unfiltered_html` capability check. This allows a Contributor attacker to submit a pending post containing an inert-looking URL token that executes attacker-controlled JavaScript when an Administrator or Editor previews or reviews the post. This is distinct from CVE-2026-2512, which affected custom field meta values up to version 2.5.1. This vector affects version 2.6 and uses the documented external URL embed feature in post content. This particular issue is patched in version 2.6.1.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-10 11:58 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
dartiss code-embed Affected: < 2.6.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-48081 (GCVE-0-2026-48081)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-06 21:10 – Updated: 2026-08-07 14:31
VLAI
Title
OpenReception vulnerable to stored click-triggered XSS via javascript: tenant links rendered into patient-facing footer
Summary
OpenReception's appointment booking software provides an end-to-end encrypted appointment booking platform. Prior to version 1.0.2, a TENANT_ADMIN can store `javascript:` URLs in the tenant `links` configuration (`website`, `imprint`, `privacyStatement`). These values are returned to the patient-facing landing page via `/api/public`, hydrated into the SvelteKit Button component, and rendered as `<a href="javascript:...">` elements without URL-scheme filtering. A patient who clicks any such link executes the attacker's JavaScript inside the patient browser origin, where patient form data is read before client-side encryption is applied. This breaks the project's central trust claim that the server is an untrusted relay and that administrators cannot read patient data. Patient-side encryption happens after form input, so JavaScript executing in the patient origin can read or alter the plaintext before encryption is performed. Version 1.0.2 fixes the issue.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-07 14:31 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-48060 (GCVE-0-2026-48060)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-28 19:02 – Updated: 2026-07-28 19:39
VLAI
Title
Litestar: HTML Injection Through CSRF Token
Summary
Litestar is an Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface (ASGI) framework. Prior to version 2.20.0, Litestar instances which use a template engine in conjunction with CSRF protection are vulnerable to HTML Injection which can be escalated to Cross Site Scripting due to the contents of the CSRF cookie being excluded from automatic escaping by the template engine when configured inline with documentation recommendations. This issue has been patched in version 2.20.0.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-28 19:38 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
litestar-org litestar Affected: < 2.20.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-48026 (GCVE-0-2026-48026)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-07 22:29 – Updated: 2026-08-12 22:15
VLAI
Title
lakeFS vulnerable to stored XSS in rendered markdown previews via raw HTML
Summary
lakeFS is an open-source tool that transforms object storage into a Git-like repositories. Prior to version 1.81.1 of the open source edition and 1.84.0 of the enterprise edition, lakeFS Web UI renders markdown files from repository objects without sanitizing the resulting HTML. A user with write access to any repository branch can commit a `.md` object containing arbitrary HTML/JavaScript. Any other user who opens that object, or who navigates to a repository or directory containing a malicious `README.md`, executes the attacker-supplied script in their own authenticated session. lakeFS fixes the issue in v1.81.1 and lakeFS Enterprise fixes the issue in in v1.84.0. Enterprise customers using older versions can temporarily disable Markdown rendering by adding YAML to their config. No workaround exists for OSS release. Users are advised to upgrade to the latest version for both lakeFS and lakeFS-Enterprise.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-12 22:09 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-48015 (GCVE-0-2026-48015)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-17 17:53 – Updated: 2026-07-17 18:11
VLAI
Title
Shopware: Stored XSS via SVG file upload — no SVG sanitization
Summary
Shopware is an open commerce platform. Prior to 6.6.10.18 and 6.7.10.1, SVG files are in the allowed_extensions whitelist in src/Core/Framework/Resources/config/packages/shopware.yaml and can be uploaded via the media manager without SVG content sanitization in the upload pipeline from MediaUploadController to FileSaver to TypeDetector, allowing malicious SVG JavaScript such as onload, <script>, and <foreignObject> to execute in the Shopware domain when the uploaded SVG is viewed. This issue is fixed in versions 6.6.10.18 and 6.7.10.1.
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-17 18:11 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
shopware shopware Affected: < 6.6.10.18
Affected: >= 6.7.0.0, < 6.7.10.1
Create a notification for this product.
shopware platform Affected: < 6.6.10.18
Affected: >= 6.7.0.0, < 6.7.10.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-47999 (GCVE-0-2026-47999)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-14 19:44 – Updated: 2026-08-27 22:39
VLAI
Title
Adobe Commerce | Cross-site Scripting (Stored XSS) (CWE-79)
Summary
Adobe Commerce is affected by a stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability that could be abused by a high-privileged attacker to inject malicious scripts into vulnerable form fields. Malicious JavaScript may be executed in a victim's browser when they browse to the page containing the vulnerable field. Scope is changed.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-15 17:39 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Cross-site Scripting (Stored XSS) (CWE-79)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Adobe Adobe Commerce Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.4.9, 2.4.8-p5, 2.4.7-p10, 2.4.6-p15, 2.4.5-p17, 2.4.4-p18 (custom)
Unaffected: 2.4.9-2026-jul, 2.4.8-2026-jul, 2.4.7-2026-jul, 2.4.6-2026-jul, 2.4.5-2026-jul, 2.4.4-2026-jul (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Adobe Adobe Commerce B2B Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.5.3, 1.5.2-p5, 1.4.2-p10, 1.3.4-p17, 1.3.3-p18 (custom)
Unaffected: 1.5.3-2026-jul, 1.5.2-2026-jul, 1.4.2-2026-jul, 1.3.4-2026-jul, 1.3.3-2026-jul (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Adobe Magento Open Source Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.4.9, 2.4.8-p5, 2.4.7-p10, 2.4.6-p15 (custom)
Unaffected: 2.4.9-2026-jul, 2.4.8-2026-jul, 2.4.7-2026-jul, 2.4.6-2026-jul (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Adobe Adobe Commerce Events Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.20.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 1.21.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-14 17:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-47995 (GCVE-0-2026-47995)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-14 19:44 – Updated: 2026-08-27 22:39
VLAI
Title
Adobe Commerce | Cross-site Scripting (Stored XSS) (CWE-79)
Summary
Adobe Commerce is affected by a stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability that could be abused by a high-privileged attacker to inject malicious scripts into vulnerable form fields. Malicious JavaScript may be executed in a victim's browser when they browse to the page containing the vulnerable field, potentially gaining elevated access or control over the victim's account or session. Scope is changed.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-15 14:26 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Cross-site Scripting (Stored XSS) (CWE-79)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Adobe Adobe Commerce Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.4.9, 2.4.8-p5, 2.4.7-p10, 2.4.6-p15, 2.4.5-p17, 2.4.4-p18 (custom)
Unaffected: 2.4.9-2026-jul, 2.4.8-2026-jul, 2.4.7-2026-jul, 2.4.6-2026-jul, 2.4.5-2026-jul, 2.4.4-2026-jul (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Adobe Adobe Commerce B2B Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.5.3, 1.5.2-p5, 1.4.2-p10, 1.3.4-p17, 1.3.3-p18 (custom)
Unaffected: 1.5.3-2026-jul, 1.5.2-2026-jul, 1.4.2-2026-jul, 1.3.4-2026-jul, 1.3.3-2026-jul (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Adobe Magento Open Source Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.4.9, 2.4.8-p5, 2.4.7-p10, 2.4.6-p15 (custom)
Unaffected: 2.4.9-2026-jul, 2.4.8-2026-jul, 2.4.7-2026-jul, 2.4.6-2026-jul (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Adobe Adobe Commerce Events Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.20.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 1.21.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-14 17:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-47994 (GCVE-0-2026-47994)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-14 19:44 – Updated: 2026-08-27 22:39
VLAI
Title
Adobe Commerce | Cross-site Scripting (Stored XSS) (CWE-79)
Summary
Adobe Commerce is affected by a stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability that could be abused by a low-privileged attacker to inject malicious scripts into vulnerable form fields. Malicious JavaScript may be executed in a victim's browser when they browse to the page containing the vulnerable field, potentially gaining elevated access or control over the victim's account or session. Scope is changed.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-16 14:45 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Cross-site Scripting (Stored XSS) (CWE-79)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Adobe Adobe Commerce Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.4.9, 2.4.8-p5, 2.4.7-p10, 2.4.6-p15, 2.4.5-p17, 2.4.4-p18 (custom)
Unaffected: 2.4.9-2026-jul, 2.4.8-2026-jul, 2.4.7-2026-jul, 2.4.6-2026-jul, 2.4.5-2026-jul, 2.4.4-2026-jul (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Adobe Adobe Commerce B2B Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.5.3, 1.5.2-p5, 1.4.2-p10, 1.3.4-p17, 1.3.3-p18 (custom)
Unaffected: 1.5.3-2026-jul, 1.5.2-2026-jul, 1.4.2-2026-jul, 1.3.4-2026-jul, 1.3.3-2026-jul (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Adobe Magento Open Source Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.4.9, 2.4.8-p5, 2.4.7-p10, 2.4.6-p15 (custom)
Unaffected: 2.4.9-2026-jul, 2.4.8-2026-jul, 2.4.7-2026-jul, 2.4.6-2026-jul (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Adobe Adobe Commerce Events Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.20.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 1.21.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-14 17:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-47993 (GCVE-0-2026-47993)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 16:48 – Updated: 2026-08-27 22:37
VLAI
Title
Adobe Experience Manager | Cross-site Scripting (DOM-based XSS) (CWE-79)
Summary
Adobe Experience Manager versions 6.5.24, LTS SP1, 2026.04 and earlier are affected by a DOM-based Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability. An attacker could exploit this issue by manipulating the DOM environment to execute malicious JavaScript within the context of the victim's browser. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must visit a crafted webpage. Scope is changed.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-10 14:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Cross-site Scripting (DOM-based XSS) (CWE-79)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Adobe Adobe Experience Manager as a Cloud Service Affected: 0 , ≤ 2026.4.0 (custom)
Unaffected: 2026.5.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Adobe Adobe Experience Manager 6.5 LTS Affected: 0 , ≤ SP1 (custom)
Unaffected: SP2 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Adobe Adobe Experience Manager 6.5 Affected: 0 , ≤ 6.5.24 (custom)
Unaffected: 6.5.25 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-09 17:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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            "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "environmentalScore": 5.4,
            "environmentalSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "exploitCodeMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "integrityImpact": "LOW",
            "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "modifiedAttackComplexity": "LOW",
            "modifiedAttackVector": "NETWORK",
            "modifiedAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "modifiedConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
            "modifiedIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
            "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "modifiedScope": "CHANGED",
            "modifiedUserInteraction": "REQUIRED",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "remediationLevel": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "reportConfidence": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "scope": "CHANGED",
            "temporalScore": 5.4,
            "temporalSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-79",
              "description": "Cross-site Scripting (DOM-based XSS) (CWE-79)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-27T22:37:36.666Z",
        "orgId": "078d4453-3bcd-4900-85e6-15281da43538",
        "shortName": "adobe"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/experience-manager/apsb26-56.html"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
      },
      "title": "Adobe Experience Manager | Cross-site Scripting (DOM-based XSS) (CWE-79)",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "078d4453-3bcd-4900-85e6-15281da43538",
    "assignerShortName": "adobe",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-47993",
    "datePublished": "2026-06-09T16:48:51.676Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-20T15:50:31.367Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-27T22:37:36.666Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
  • Examples of libraries and frameworks that make it easier to generate properly encoded output include Microsoft's Anti-XSS library, the OWASP ESAPI Encoding module, and Apache Wicket.
Mitigation
Implementation Architecture and Design
  • Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages. Study all expected communication protocols and data representations to determine the required encoding strategies.
  • For any data that will be output to another web page, especially any data that was received from external inputs, use the appropriate encoding on all non-alphanumeric characters.
  • Parts of the same output document may require different encodings, which will vary depending on whether the output is in the:
  • etc. Note that HTML Entity Encoding is only appropriate for the HTML body.
  • Consult the XSS Prevention Cheat Sheet [REF-724] for more details on the types of encoding and escaping that are needed.
  • HTML body
  • Element attributes (such as src="XYZ")
  • URIs
  • JavaScript sections
  • Cascading Style Sheets and style property
Mitigation MIT-6
Architecture and Design Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.

Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation MIT-27
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Parameterization

If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.

Mitigation MIT-30.1
Implementation

Strategy: Output Encoding

  • Use and specify an output encoding that can be handled by the downstream component that is reading the output. Common encodings include ISO-8859-1, UTF-7, and UTF-8. When an encoding is not specified, a downstream component may choose a different encoding, either by assuming a default encoding or automatically inferring which encoding is being used, which can be erroneous. When the encodings are inconsistent, the downstream component might treat some character or byte sequences as special, even if they are not special in the original encoding. Attackers might then be able to exploit this discrepancy and conduct injection attacks; they even might be able to bypass protection mechanisms that assume the original encoding is also being used by the downstream component.
  • The problem of inconsistent output encodings often arises in web pages. If an encoding is not specified in an HTTP header, web browsers often guess about which encoding is being used. This can open up the browser to subtle XSS attacks.
Mitigation MIT-43
Implementation

With Struts, write all data from form beans with the bean's filter attribute set to true.

Mitigation MIT-31
Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

To help mitigate XSS attacks against the user's session cookie, set the session cookie to be HttpOnly. In browsers that support the HttpOnly feature (such as more recent versions of Internet Explorer and Firefox), this attribute can prevent the user's session cookie from being accessible to malicious client-side scripts that use document.cookie. This is not a complete solution, since HttpOnly is not supported by all browsers. More importantly, XmlHttpRequest and other powerful browser technologies provide read access to HTTP headers, including the Set-Cookie header in which the HttpOnly flag is set.

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • When dynamically constructing web pages, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. All input should be validated and cleansed, not just parameters that the user is supposed to specify, but all data in the request, including hidden fields, cookies, headers, the URL itself, and so forth. A common mistake that leads to continuing XSS vulnerabilities is to validate only fields that are expected to be redisplayed by the site. It is common to see data from the request that is reflected by the application server or the application that the development team did not anticipate. Also, a field that is not currently reflected may be used by a future developer. Therefore, validating ALL parts of the HTTP request is recommended.
  • Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing XSS, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent XSS, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, in a chat application, the heart emoticon ("<3") would likely pass the validation step, since it is commonly used. However, it cannot be directly inserted into the web page because it contains the "<" character, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the "<" might reduce the risk of XSS, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the emoticon would not be recorded. This might seem to be a minor inconvenience, but it would be more important in a mathematical forum that wants to represent inequalities.
  • Even if you make a mistake in your validation (such as forgetting one out of 100 input fields), appropriate encoding is still likely to protect you from injection-based attacks. As long as it is not done in isolation, input validation is still a useful technique, since it may significantly reduce your attack surface, allow you to detect some attacks, and provide other security benefits that proper encoding does not address.
  • Ensure that you perform input validation at well-defined interfaces within the application. This will help protect the application even if a component is reused or moved elsewhere.
Mitigation MIT-21
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.

Mitigation MIT-29
Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

Mitigation MIT-16
Operation Implementation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.

CAPEC-209: XSS Using MIME Type Mismatch

An adversary creates a file with scripting content but where the specified MIME type of the file is such that scripting is not expected. The adversary tricks the victim into accessing a URL that responds with the script file. Some browsers will detect that the specified MIME type of the file does not match the actual type of its content and will automatically switch to using an interpreter for the real content type. If the browser does not invoke script filters before doing this, the adversary's script may run on the target unsanitized, possibly revealing the victim's cookies or executing arbitrary script in their browser.

CAPEC-588: DOM-Based XSS

This type of attack is a form of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) where a malicious script is inserted into the client-side HTML being parsed by a web browser. Content served by a vulnerable web application includes script code used to manipulate the Document Object Model (DOM). This script code either does not properly validate input, or does not perform proper output encoding, thus creating an opportunity for an adversary to inject a malicious script launch a XSS attack. A key distinction between other XSS attacks and DOM-based attacks is that in other XSS attacks, the malicious script runs when the vulnerable web page is initially loaded, while a DOM-based attack executes sometime after the page loads. Another distinction of DOM-based attacks is that in some cases, the malicious script is never sent to the vulnerable web server at all. An attack like this is guaranteed to bypass any server-side filtering attempts to protect users.

CAPEC-591: Reflected XSS

This type of attack is a form of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) where a malicious script is "reflected" off a vulnerable web application and then executed by a victim's browser. The process starts with an adversary delivering a malicious script to a victim and convincing the victim to send the script to the vulnerable web application.

CAPEC-592: Stored XSS

An adversary utilizes a form of Cross-site Scripting (XSS) where a malicious script is persistently "stored" within the data storage of a vulnerable web application as valid input.

CAPEC-63: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

An adversary embeds malicious scripts in content that will be served to web browsers. The goal of the attack is for the target software, the client-side browser, to execute the script with the users' privilege level. An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute code and scripts. Web browsers, for example, have some simple security controls in place, but if a remote attacker is allowed to execute scripts (through injecting them in to user-generated content like bulletin boards) then these controls may be bypassed. Further, these attacks are very difficult for an end user to detect.

CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting

This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.

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