CWE-798
Allowed-with-ReviewUse of Hard-coded Credentials
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key.
2178 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-47XM-JJ6P-4P66
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:45 – Updated: 2022-05-24 16:45An exploitable vulnerability exists in the Wi-Fi Access Point feature of the Roav A1 Dashcam running version RoavA1SWV1.9. A set of default credentials can potentially be used to connect to the device. An attacker can connect to the AP to trigger this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-4017"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-05-13T16:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An exploitable vulnerability exists in the Wi-Fi Access Point feature of the Roav A1 Dashcam running version RoavA1SWV1.9. A set of default credentials can potentially be used to connect to the device. An attacker can connect to the AP to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-47xm-jj6p-4p66",
"modified": "2022-05-24T16:45:32Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:45:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-4017"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2018-0688"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-489Q-H7V6-2626
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-07 18:30 – Updated: 2025-06-04 15:30A vulnerability in the Out-of-Band Access Point (AP) Image Download feature of Cisco IOS XE Software for Wireless LAN Controllers (WLCs) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to upload arbitrary files to an affected system.
This vulnerability is due to the presence of a hard-coded JSON Web Token (JWT) on an affected system. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted HTTPS requests to the AP image download interface. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to upload files, perform path traversal, and execute arbitrary commands with root privileges.
Note: For exploitation to be successful, the Out-of-Band AP Image Download feature must be enabled on the device. It is not enabled by default.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-20188"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-07T18:15:38Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the Out-of-Band Access Point (AP) Image Download feature of Cisco IOS XE Software for Wireless LAN Controllers (WLCs) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to upload arbitrary files to an affected system.\n\n This vulnerability is due to the presence of a hard-coded JSON Web Token (JWT) on an affected system. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted HTTPS requests to the AP image download interface. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to upload files, perform path traversal, and execute arbitrary commands with root privileges. \n\n Note: For exploitation to be successful, the Out-of-Band AP Image Download feature must be enabled on the device. It is not enabled by default.",
"id": "GHSA-489q-h7v6-2626",
"modified": "2025-06-04T15:30:27Z",
"published": "2025-05-07T18:30:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-20188"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://horizon3.ai/attack-research/attack-blogs/cisco-ios-xe-wlc-arbitrary-file-upload-vulnerability-cve-2025-20188-analysis"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-wlc-file-uplpd-rHZG9UfC"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-48CG-9C55-J2Q7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-21 21:32 – Updated: 2025-08-22 20:30hippo4j 1.0.0 to 1.5.0, uses a hard-coded secret key in its JWT (JSON Web Token) creation. This allows attackers with access to the source code or compiled binary to forge valid access tokens and impersonate any user, including privileged ones such as "admin". The vulnerability poses a critical security risk in systems where authentication and authorization rely on the integrity of JWTs.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "cn.hippo4j:hippo4j-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.0.0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.5.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-51606"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-08-22T20:30:13Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-21T21:15:35Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "hippo4j 1.0.0 to 1.5.0, uses a hard-coded secret key in its JWT (JSON Web Token) creation. This allows attackers with access to the source code or compiled binary to forge valid access tokens and impersonate any user, including privileged ones such as \"admin\". The vulnerability poses a critical security risk in systems where authentication and authorization rely on the integrity of JWTs.",
"id": "GHSA-48cg-9c55-j2q7",
"modified": "2025-08-22T20:30:13Z",
"published": "2025-08-21T21:32:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-51606"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ShenxiuSec/cve-proofs/blob/main/POC-20250610-01.md"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/opengoofy/hippo4j"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/opengoofy/hippo4j/blob/7d78be3cab526501ad876495862f4cec108da2af/threadpool/server/auth/src/main/java/cn/hippo4j/auth/security/JwtTokenManager.java#L51"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "hippo4j Includes Hard Coded Secret Key in JWT Creation"
}
GHSA-48VF-PQ83-G67J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-14 15:32 – Updated: 2025-02-11 00:31The SolarWinds Access Rights Manager was found to contain a hard-coded credential authentication bypass vulnerability. If exploited, this vulnerability allows access to the RabbitMQ management console.
We thank Trend Micro Zero Day Initiative (ZDI) for its ongoing partnership in coordinating with SolarWinds on responsible disclosure of this and other potential vulnerabilities.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-23473"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-14T14:59:29Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The SolarWinds Access Rights Manager was found to contain a hard-coded credential authentication bypass vulnerability. If exploited, this vulnerability allows access to the RabbitMQ management console. \n\nWe thank Trend Micro Zero Day Initiative (ZDI) for its ongoing partnership in coordinating with SolarWinds on responsible disclosure of this and other potential vulnerabilities.",
"id": "GHSA-48vf-pq83-g67j",
"modified": "2025-02-11T00:31:36Z",
"published": "2024-05-14T15:32:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-23473"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://documentation.solarwinds.com/en/success_center/arm/content/release_notes/arm_2023-2-4_release_notes.htm"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.solarwinds.com/trust-center/security-advisories/CVE-2024-23473"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-48WC-9J2C-RWP5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-06 06:31 – Updated: 2024-09-17 03:30Dell SmartFabric OS10 Software, version(s) 10.5.5.4 through 10.5.5.10 and 10.5.6.x, contain(s) an Use of Hard-coded Password vulnerability. A low privileged attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Client-side request forgery and Information disclosure.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-39585"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-259",
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-06T05:15:13Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Dell SmartFabric OS10 Software, version(s) 10.5.5.4 through 10.5.5.10 and 10.5.6.x, contain(s) an Use of Hard-coded Password vulnerability. A low privileged attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Client-side request forgery and Information disclosure.",
"id": "GHSA-48wc-9j2c-rwp5",
"modified": "2024-09-17T03:30:44Z",
"published": "2024-09-06T06:31:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-39585"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000228355/dsa-2024-376-security-update-for-dell-networking-os10-vulnerability"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000228357/dsa-2024-377-security-update-for-dell-networking-os10-vulnerability"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-498Q-JRFH-3V7H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-12 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-19 00:00IBM SiteProtector Appliance 3.1.1 contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key, which it uses for its own inbound authentication, outbound communication to external components, or encryption of internal data. IBM X-Force ID: 174142.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-4150"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-11T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "IBM SiteProtector Appliance 3.1.1 contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key, which it uses for its own inbound authentication, outbound communication to external components, or encryption of internal data. IBM X-Force ID: 174142.",
"id": "GHSA-498q-jrfh-3v7h",
"modified": "2022-07-19T00:00:27Z",
"published": "2022-07-12T00:00:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-4150"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/174142"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6602547"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-49JX-MFCC-VMG8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-29 06:30 – Updated: 2022-11-29 06:30RTL8111EP-CG/RTL8111FP-CG DASH function has hard-coded password. An unauthenticated physical attacker can use the hard-coded default password during system reboot triggered by other user, to acquire partial system information such as serial number and server information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-32967"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-29T04:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "RTL8111EP-CG/RTL8111FP-CG DASH function has hard-coded password. An unauthenticated physical attacker can use the hard-coded default password during system reboot triggered by other user, to acquire partial system information such as serial number and server information.",
"id": "GHSA-49jx-mfcc-vmg8",
"modified": "2022-11-29T06:30:20Z",
"published": "2022-11-29T06:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-32967"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-6740-ba9bd-1.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-49RV-VWHV-6VCW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:06 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:06This vulnerability allows attackers with physical access to escalate privileges on affected installations of Arlo Q Plus 1.9.0.3_278. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the SSH service. The device can be booted into a special operation mode where hard-coded credentials are accepted for SSH authentication. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-12890.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-31505"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-29T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "This vulnerability allows attackers with physical access to escalate privileges on affected installations of Arlo Q Plus 1.9.0.3_278. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the SSH service. The device can be booted into a special operation mode where hard-coded credentials are accepted for SSH authentication. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-12890.",
"id": "GHSA-49rv-vwhv-6vcw",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:06:32Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:06:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-31505"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.arlo.com/000062592/Security-Advisory-for-Arlo-Q-Plus-SSH-Use-of-Hard-coded-Credentials-Allowing-Privilege-Escalation"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-683"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-49WV-48XC-36FH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:46 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:46The Data Warehouse component in NetApp OnCommand Insight before 7.2.3 allows remote attackers to obtain administrative access by leveraging a default privileged account.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-5600"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-02-02T15:59:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The Data Warehouse component in NetApp OnCommand Insight before 7.2.3 allows remote attackers to obtain administrative access by leveraging a default privileged account.",
"id": "GHSA-49wv-48xc-36fh",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:46:12Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:46:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-5600"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netapp.com/support/s/article/NTAP-20170131-0001"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/96041"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4C33-JJXV-7PFW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:31 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:31Juniper ATP ships with hard coded credentials in the Cyphort Core instance which gives an attacker the ability to take full control of any installation of the software. Affected releases are Juniper Networks Juniper ATP: 5.0 versions prior to 5.0.3.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-0022"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-01-15T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Juniper ATP ships with hard coded credentials in the Cyphort Core instance which gives an attacker the ability to take full control of any installation of the software. Affected releases are Juniper Networks Juniper ATP: 5.0 versions prior to 5.0.3.",
"id": "GHSA-4c33-jjxv-7pfw",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:31:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:31:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-0022"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.juniper.net/JSA10918"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- For outbound authentication: store passwords, keys, and other credentials outside of the code in a strongly-protected, encrypted configuration file or database that is protected from access by all outsiders, including other local users on the same system. Properly protect the key (CWE-320). If you cannot use encryption to protect the file, then make sure that the permissions are as restrictive as possible [REF-7].
- In Windows environments, the Encrypted File System (EFS) may provide some protection.
Mitigation
For inbound authentication: Rather than hard-code a default username and password, key, or other authentication credentials for first time logins, utilize a "first login" mode that requires the user to enter a unique strong password or key.
Mitigation
If the product must contain hard-coded credentials or they cannot be removed, perform access control checks and limit which entities can access the feature that requires the hard-coded credentials. For example, a feature might only be enabled through the system console instead of through a network connection.
Mitigation
- For inbound authentication using passwords: apply strong one-way hashes to passwords and store those hashes in a configuration file or database with appropriate access control. That way, theft of the file/database still requires the attacker to try to crack the password. When handling an incoming password during authentication, take the hash of the password and compare it to the saved hash.
- Use randomly assigned salts for each separate hash that is generated. This increases the amount of computation that an attacker needs to conduct a brute-force attack, possibly limiting the effectiveness of the rainbow table method.
Mitigation
- For front-end to back-end connections: Three solutions are possible, although none are complete.
- The first suggestion involves the use of generated passwords or keys that are changed automatically and must be entered at given time intervals by a system administrator. These passwords will be held in memory and only be valid for the time intervals.
- Next, the passwords or keys should be limited at the back end to only performing actions valid for the front end, as opposed to having full access.
- Finally, the messages sent should be tagged and checksummed with time sensitive values so as to prevent replay-style attacks.
CAPEC-191: Read Sensitive Constants Within an Executable
An adversary engages in activities to discover any sensitive constants present within the compiled code of an executable. These constants may include literal ASCII strings within the file itself, or possibly strings hard-coded into particular routines that can be revealed by code refactoring methods including static and dynamic analysis.
CAPEC-70: Try Common or Default Usernames and Passwords
An adversary may try certain common or default usernames and passwords to gain access into the system and perform unauthorized actions. An adversary may try an intelligent brute force using empty passwords, known vendor default credentials, as well as a dictionary of common usernames and passwords. Many vendor products come preconfigured with default (and thus well-known) usernames and passwords that should be deleted prior to usage in a production environment. It is a common mistake to forget to remove these default login credentials. Another problem is that users would pick very simple (common) passwords (e.g. "secret" or "password") that make it easier for the attacker to gain access to the system compared to using a brute force attack or even a dictionary attack using a full dictionary.