Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-798
Allowed-with-ReviewUse of Hard-coded Credentials
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key.
2288 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-40537 (GCVE-0-2025-40537)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-28 07:31 – Updated: 2026-02-26 15:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SolarWinds Web Help Desk Hardcoded Credentials Vulnerability
Summary
SolarWinds Web Help Desk was found to be susceptible to a hardcoded credentials vulnerability that, under certain situations, could allow access to administrative functions.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-03 04:55 UTC
CWE
- CWE-798 - Use of Hard-coded Credentials
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.solarwinds.com/trust-center/security-… | vendor-advisorypatch |
| https://documentation.solarwinds.com/en/success_c… | release-notes |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SolarWinds | Web Help Desk |
Affected:
12.8.8 HF1 and below
|
Date Public
2026-01-28 07:31
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CVE-2025-37112 (GCVE-0-2025-37112)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-31 19:42 – Updated: 2025-07-31 20:01
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Hard-Coded Encryption Keys found in System
Summary
A vulnerability was discovered in the storage policy for certain sets of encryption keys in the HPE Telco Network Function Virtual Orchestrator. Successful Exploitation could lead to unauthorized parties gaining access to sensitive system information.
Severity
6 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-07-31 20:01 UTC
CWE
- CWE-798 - Use of Hard-coded Credentials
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hewlett Packard Enterprise | HPE Telco Network Function Virtual Orchestrator |
Affected:
7.0.0 , ≤ 7.3.0
(semver)
|
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CVE-2025-37111 (GCVE-0-2025-37111)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-31 19:41 – Updated: 2025-07-31 20:02
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Hard-Coded Authentication Keys found in System
Summary
A vulnerability was discovered in the storage policy for certain sets of authentication keys in the HPE Telco Network Function Virtual Orchestrator. Successful Exploitation could lead to unauthorized parties gaining access to sensitive system information.
Severity
6 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-07-31 20:02 UTC
CWE
- CWE-798 - Use of Hard-coded Credentials
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hewlett Packard Enterprise | HPE Telco Network Function Virtual Orchestrator |
Affected:
7.0.0 , ≤ 7.3.0
(semver)
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CVE-2025-36752 (GCVE-0-2025-36752)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-13 08:16 – Updated: 2026-01-07 14:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Undocumented backup Account and No Password Configuration Capability
Summary
Growatt ShineLan-X communication dongle has an undocumented backup account with undocumented credentials which allows significant level access to the device, such as allowing any attacker to access the Setting Center. This means that this is effectively backdoor for all devices utilizing a Growatt ShineLan-X communication dongle.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-15 20:30 UTC
CWE
- CWE-798 - Use of Hard-coded Credentials
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://csirt.divd.nl/CVE-2025-36752/ | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Growatt | ShineLan-X |
Affected:
3.6.0.0 , ≤ 3.6.0.2
(semver)
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CVE-2025-36747 (GCVE-0-2025-36747)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-13 08:16 – Updated: 2025-12-16 11:02
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Hardcoded FTP Credentials within the firmware
Summary
ShineLan-X contains a set of credentials for an FTP server was found within the firmware, allowing testers to establish an insecure FTP connection with the server. This may allow an attacker to replace legitimate files being deployed to devices with their own malicious versions, since the firmware signature verification is not enforced.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-15 20:30 UTC
CWE
- CWE-798 - Use of Hard-coded Credentials
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://csirt.divd.nl/CVE-2025-36747/ | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Growatt | ShineLan-X |
Affected:
3.6.0.0 , ≤ 3.6.0.2
(semver)
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CVE-2025-36572 (GCVE-0-2025-36572)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-28 16:14 – Updated: 2025-05-28 16:26
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Dell PowerStore, version(s) 4.0.0.0, contain(s) an Use of Hard-coded Credentials vulnerability in the PowerStore image file. A low privileged attacker with remote access, with the knowledge of the hard-coded credentials, could potentially exploit this vulnerability to gain unauthorized access based on the hardcoded account's privileges.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-28 16:26 UTC
CWE
- CWE-798 - Use of Hard-coded Credentials
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/00032520… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dell | PowerStore |
Affected:
N/A , < 4.0.1.3-2494147
(semver)
|
Date Public
2025-05-27 17:00
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CVE-2025-36087 (GCVE-0-2025-36087)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-13 00:38 – Updated: 2025-10-15 13:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
IBM Security Verify Access hard coded credentials
Summary
IBM Security Verify Access 10.0.0 through 10.0.9, 11.0.0, IBM Verify Identity Access Container 10.0.0 through 10.0.9, and 11.0.0, under certain configurations, contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key, which it uses for its own inbound authentication, outbound communication to external components, or encryption of internal data.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-15 13:46 UTC
CWE
- CWE-798 - Use of Hard-coded Credentials
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7247753 | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| IBM | Security Verify Access |
Affected:
10.0.0 , ≤ 10.0.9
(semver)
Affected: 11.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:ibm:security_verify_access:10.0.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:security_verify_access:10.0.9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:security_verify_access:11.0.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| IBM | Verify Identity Access Container |
Affected:
10.0.0 , ≤ 10.0.9
(semver)
Affected: 11.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:ibm:security_verify_access_docker:10.0.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:security_verify_access_docker:10.0.9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:security_verify_access_docker:11.0.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2025-35940 (GCVE-0-2025-35940)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-10 20:27 – Updated: 2025-06-11 14:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Hard-coded ArchiverSpaApi JWT Signing Key
Summary
The ArchiverSpaApi ASP.NET application uses a hard-coded JWT signing key. An unauthenticated remote attacker can generate and use a verifiable JWT token to access protected ArchiverSpaApi URL endpoints.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-06-11 14:03 UTC
CWE
- CWE-798 - Use of Hard-coded Credentials
Assigner
References
1 reference
Date Public
2025-06-10 20:20
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CVE-2025-35452 (GCVE-0-2025-35452)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-05 17:49 – Updated: 2025-09-08 18:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Pan-Tilt-Zoom cameras default administrative credentials for web interface
Summary
PTZOptics and possibly other ValueHD-based pan-tilt-zoom cameras use default, shared credentials for the administrative web interface.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · cisa-cg (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-08 17:57 UTC
References
Impacted products
25 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PTZOptics | PT12X-SE-xx-G3 |
Affected:
0 , < 9.1.43
(custom)
Unaffected: 9.1.43 |
|
| PTZOptics | PT12X-LINK-4K-xx |
Affected:
0 , < 0.0.63
(custom)
Unaffected: 0.0.63 |
|
| PTZOptics | PT20X-SE-xx-G3 |
Affected:
0 , < 9.1.32
(custom)
Unaffected: 9.1.32 |
|
| PTZOptics | PT20X-LINK-4K-xx |
Affected:
0 , < 0.0.89
(custom)
Unaffected: 0.0.89 |
|
| PTZOptics | PT30X-SE-xx-G3 |
Affected:
0 , < 9.1.33
(custom)
Unaffected: 9.1.33 |
|
| PTZOptics | PT30X-LINK-4K-xx |
Affected:
0 , < 2.0.71
(custom)
Unaffected: 2.0.71 |
|
| PTZOptics | PT-STUDIOPRO |
Affected:
0 , < 9.0.41
(custom)
Unaffected: 9.0.41 |
|
| PTZOptics | PT12X-STUDIO-4K-xx-G3 |
Affected:
0 , < 8.1.90
(custom)
Unaffected: 8.1.90 |
|
| PTZOptics | PT20X-STUDIO-4K-xx-G3 |
Affected:
0 , < 8.1.90
(custom)
Unaffected: 8.1.90 |
|
| PTZOptics | PT12X-SDI/NDI-xx |
Affected:
0 , < 6.3.70
(custom)
Unaffected: 6.3.70 |
|
| PTZOptics | PT12X-USB-xx |
Affected:
0 , < 6.2.88
(custom)
Unaffected: 6.2.88 |
|
| PTZOptics | PT20X-SDI/NDI-xx |
Affected:
0 , < 6.3.27
(custom)
Unaffected: 6.3.27 |
|
| SMTAV | Pan-Tilt-Zoom Cameras |
Affected:
*
|
|
| PTZOptics | PT30X-SDI/NDI-xx |
Affected:
0 , < 6.3.43
(custom)
Unaffected: 6.3.43 |
|
| multiCAM Systems | Pan-Tilt-Zoom Cameras |
Affected:
*
|
|
| PTZOptics | VL Fixed Camera/NDI Fixed Camera |
Affected:
0 , < 7.2.94
(custom)
Unaffected: 7.2.94 |
|
| PTZOptics | 12x Fixed Camera/NDI Fixed Camera |
Affected:
0 , < 7.2.85
(custom)
Unaffected: 7.2.85 |
|
| PTZOptics | 20x Fixed Camera/NDI Fixed Camera |
Affected:
0 , < 7.2.94
(custom)
Unaffected: 7.2.94 |
|
| PTZOptics | EPTZ Fixed Camera/NDI Fixed Camera |
Affected:
0 , < 8.1.89
(custom)
Unaffected: 8.1.89 |
|
| PTZOptics | HC-EPTZ-NDI |
Affected:
0 , < 8.2.14
(custom)
Unaffected: 8.2.14 |
|
| PTZOptics | PT12X-4K-xx-G3 |
Affected:
0 , < 0.0.58
(custom)
Unaffected: 0.0.58 |
|
| PTZOptics | PT20X-4K-xx-G3 |
Affected:
0 , < 0.0.85
(custom)
Unaffected: 0.0.85 |
|
| PTZOptics | PT30X-4K-xx-G3 |
Affected:
0 , < 2.0.64
(custom)
Unaffected: 2.0.64 |
|
| PTZOptics | PT20X-USB-xx |
Affected:
0 , < 6.2.81
(custom)
Unaffected: 6.2.81 |
|
| ValueHD | Pan-Tilt-Zoom Cameras |
Affected:
*
|
Date Public
2025-06-12 00:00
{
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}
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},
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CVE-2025-35451 (GCVE-0-2025-35451)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-05 17:43 – Updated: 2025-09-08 18:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Pan-Tilt-Zoom cameras hard-coded default passwords with SSH and telnet enabled
Summary
PTZOptics and possibly other ValueHD-based pan-tilt-zoom cameras use hard-coded, default administrative credentials. The passwords can readily be cracked. Many cameras have SSH or telnet listening on all interfaces. The passwords cannot be changed by the user, nor can the SSH or telnet service be disabled by the user.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · cisa-cg (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-08 17:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-798 - Use of Hard-coded Credentials
References
Impacted products
25 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PTZOptics | PT12X-SE-xx-G3 |
Affected:
0 , < 9.1.43
(custom)
Unaffected: 9.1.43 |
|
| PTZOptics | PT12X-LINK-4K-xx |
Affected:
0 , < 0.0.63
(custom)
Unaffected: 0.0.63 |
|
| PTZOptics | PT20X-SE-xx-G3 |
Affected:
0 , < 9.1.32
(custom)
Unaffected: 9.1.32 |
|
| PTZOptics | PT20X-LINK-4K-xx |
Affected:
0 , < 0.0.89
(custom)
Unaffected: 0.0.89 |
|
| PTZOptics | PT-STUDIOPRO |
Affected:
0 , < 9.0.41
(custom)
Unaffected: 9.0.41 |
|
| PTZOptics | PT30X-SE-xx-G3 |
Affected:
0 , < 9.1.33
(custom)
Unaffected: 9.1.33 |
|
| PTZOptics | PT30X-LINK-4K-xx |
Affected:
0 , < 2.0.71
(custom)
Unaffected: 2.0.71 |
|
| PTZOptics | PT12X-STUDIO-4K-xx-G3 |
Affected:
0 , < 8.1.90
(custom)
Unaffected: 8.1.90 |
|
| PTZOptics | PT20X-STUDIO-4K-xx-G3 |
Affected:
0 , < 8.1.90
(custom)
Unaffected: 8.1.90 |
|
| PTZOptics | PT12X-SDI/NDI-xx |
Affected:
0 , < 6.3.70
(custom)
Unaffected: 6.3.70 |
|
| PTZOptics | PT12X-USB-xx |
Affected:
0 , < 6.2.88
(custom)
Unaffected: 6.2.88 |
|
| PTZOptics | PT20X-SDI/NDI-xx |
Affected:
0 , < 6.3.27
(custom)
Unaffected: 6.3.27 |
|
| SMTAV | Pan-Tilt-Zoom Cameras |
Affected:
*
|
|
| PTZOptics | PT30X-SDI/NDI-xx |
Affected:
0 , < 6.3.43
(custom)
Unaffected: 6.3.43 |
|
| multiCAM Systems | Pan-Tilt-Zoom Cameras |
Affected:
*
|
|
| PTZOptics | VL Fixed Camera/NDI Fixed Camera |
Affected:
0 , < 7.2.94
(custom)
Unaffected: 7.2.94 |
|
| PTZOptics | 12x Fixed Camera/NDI Fixed Camera |
Affected:
0 , < 7.2.85
(custom)
Unaffected: 7.2.85 |
|
| PTZOptics | 20x Fixed Camera/NDI Fixed Camera |
Affected:
0 , < 7.2.94
(custom)
Unaffected: 7.2.94 |
|
| PTZOptics | EPTZ Fixed Camera/NDI Fixed Camera |
Affected:
0 , < 8.1.89
(custom)
Unaffected: 8.1.89 |
|
| PTZOptics | HC-EPTZ-NDI |
Affected:
0 , < 8.2.14
(custom)
Unaffected: 8.2.14 |
|
| PTZOptics | PT12X-4K-xx-G3 |
Affected:
0 , < 0.0.58
(custom)
Unaffected: 0.0.58 |
|
| PTZOptics | PT20X-4K-xx-G3 |
Affected:
0 , < 0.0.85
(custom)
Unaffected: 0.0.85 |
|
| PTZOptics | PT20X-USB-xx |
Affected:
0 , < 6.2.81
(custom)
Unaffected: 6.2.81 |
|
| PTZOptics | PT30X-4K-xx-G3 |
Affected:
0 , < 2.0.64
(custom)
Unaffected: 2.0.64 |
|
| ValueHD | Pan-Tilt-Zoom Cameras |
Affected:
*
|
Date Public
2025-06-12 00:00
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"product": "PT30X-SE-xx-G3",
"vendor": "PTZOptics",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "9.1.33",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "9.1.33"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "PT30X-LINK-4K-xx",
"vendor": "PTZOptics",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "2.0.71",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "2.0.71"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "PT12X-STUDIO-4K-xx-G3",
"vendor": "PTZOptics",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "8.1.90",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "8.1.90"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "PT20X-STUDIO-4K-xx-G3",
"vendor": "PTZOptics",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "8.1.90",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "8.1.90"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "PT12X-SDI/NDI-xx",
"vendor": "PTZOptics",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "6.3.70",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.3.70"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "PT12X-USB-xx",
"vendor": "PTZOptics",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "6.2.88",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.2.88"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "PT20X-SDI/NDI-xx",
"vendor": "PTZOptics",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "6.3.27",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.3.27"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "Pan-Tilt-Zoom Cameras",
"vendor": "SMTAV",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "*"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "PT30X-SDI/NDI-xx",
"vendor": "PTZOptics",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "6.3.43",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.3.43"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "Pan-Tilt-Zoom Cameras",
"vendor": "multiCAM Systems",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "*"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "VL Fixed Camera/NDI Fixed Camera",
"vendor": "PTZOptics",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "7.2.94",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "7.2.94"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "12x Fixed Camera/NDI Fixed Camera",
"vendor": "PTZOptics",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "7.2.85",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "7.2.85"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "20x Fixed Camera/NDI Fixed Camera",
"vendor": "PTZOptics",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "7.2.94",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "7.2.94"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "EPTZ Fixed Camera/NDI Fixed Camera",
"vendor": "PTZOptics",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "8.1.89",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "8.1.89"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "HC-EPTZ-NDI",
"vendor": "PTZOptics",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "8.2.14",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "8.2.14"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "PT12X-4K-xx-G3",
"vendor": "PTZOptics",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "0.0.58",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0.0.58"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "PT20X-4K-xx-G3",
"vendor": "PTZOptics",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "0.0.85",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0.0.85"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "PT20X-USB-xx",
"vendor": "PTZOptics",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "6.2.81",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.2.81"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "PT30X-4K-xx-G3",
"vendor": "PTZOptics",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "2.0.64",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "2.0.64"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "Pan-Tilt-Zoom Cameras",
"vendor": "ValueHD",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "*"
}
]
}
],
"datePublic": "2025-06-12T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "PTZOptics and possibly other ValueHD-based pan-tilt-zoom cameras use hard-coded, default administrative credentials. The passwords can readily be cracked. Many cameras have SSH or telnet listening on all interfaces. The passwords cannot be changed by the user, nor can the SSH or telnet service be disabled by the user."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 9.8,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 9.3,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
}
},
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-35451",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-09-08T17:57:46.995811Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-798",
"description": "CWE-798 Use of Hard-coded Credentials",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-08T17:58:14.754Z",
"orgId": "9119a7d8-5eab-497f-8521-727c672e3725",
"shortName": "cisa-cg"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "url",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-25-162-10"
},
{
"name": "url",
"url": "https://github.com/cisagov/CSAF/blob/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2025/icsa-25-162-10.json"
},
{
"name": "url",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-35451"
},
{
"name": "url",
"url": "https://www.labs.greynoise.io/grimoire/2024-10-31-sift-0-day-rce/"
},
{
"name": "url",
"url": "https://www.greynoise.io/blog/greynoise-intelligence-discovers-zero-day-vulnerabilities-in-live-streaming-cameras-with-the-help-of-ai"
}
],
"title": "Pan-Tilt-Zoom cameras hard-coded default passwords with SSH and telnet enabled"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "9119a7d8-5eab-497f-8521-727c672e3725",
"assignerShortName": "cisa-cg",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-35451",
"datePublished": "2025-09-05T17:43:53.108Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-15T20:57:14.282Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-08T18:08:29.882Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- For outbound authentication: store passwords, keys, and other credentials outside of the code in a strongly-protected, encrypted configuration file or database that is protected from access by all outsiders, including other local users on the same system. Properly protect the key (CWE-320). If you cannot use encryption to protect the file, then make sure that the permissions are as restrictive as possible [REF-7].
- In Windows environments, the Encrypted File System (EFS) may provide some protection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
For inbound authentication: Rather than hard-code a default username and password, key, or other authentication credentials for first time logins, utilize a "first login" mode that requires the user to enter a unique strong password or key.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
If the product must contain hard-coded credentials or they cannot be removed, perform access control checks and limit which entities can access the feature that requires the hard-coded credentials. For example, a feature might only be enabled through the system console instead of through a network connection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- For inbound authentication using passwords: apply strong one-way hashes to passwords and store those hashes in a configuration file or database with appropriate access control. That way, theft of the file/database still requires the attacker to try to crack the password. When handling an incoming password during authentication, take the hash of the password and compare it to the saved hash.
- Use randomly assigned salts for each separate hash that is generated. This increases the amount of computation that an attacker needs to conduct a brute-force attack, possibly limiting the effectiveness of the rainbow table method.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- For front-end to back-end connections: Three solutions are possible, although none are complete.
- The first suggestion involves the use of generated passwords or keys that are changed automatically and must be entered at given time intervals by a system administrator. These passwords will be held in memory and only be valid for the time intervals.
- Next, the passwords or keys should be limited at the back end to only performing actions valid for the front end, as opposed to having full access.
- Finally, the messages sent should be tagged and checksummed with time sensitive values so as to prevent replay-style attacks.
CAPEC-191: Read Sensitive Constants Within an Executable
An adversary engages in activities to discover any sensitive constants present within the compiled code of an executable. These constants may include literal ASCII strings within the file itself, or possibly strings hard-coded into particular routines that can be revealed by code refactoring methods including static and dynamic analysis.
CAPEC-70: Try Common or Default Usernames and Passwords
An adversary may try certain common or default usernames and passwords to gain access into the system and perform unauthorized actions. An adversary may try an intelligent brute force using empty passwords, known vendor default credentials, as well as a dictionary of common usernames and passwords. Many vendor products come preconfigured with default (and thus well-known) usernames and passwords that should be deleted prior to usage in a production environment. It is a common mistake to forget to remove these default login credentials. Another problem is that users would pick very simple (common) passwords (e.g. "secret" or "password") that make it easier for the attacker to gain access to the system compared to using a brute force attack or even a dictionary attack using a full dictionary.