Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15690 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-7X7C-2RVC-69FH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-11 21:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:24
VLAI
Details
An issue was discovered in ChipsetSvcSmm in Insyde InsydeH2O with kernel 5.0 through 5.5. There is insufficient input validation in BIOS Guard updates. An attacker can induce memory corruption in SMM by supplying malformed inputs to the BIOS Guard SMI handler.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-22614"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-11T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in ChipsetSvcSmm in Insyde InsydeH2O with kernel 5.0 through 5.5. There is insufficient input validation in BIOS Guard updates. An attacker can induce memory corruption in SMM by supplying malformed inputs to the BIOS Guard SMI handler.",
"id": "GHSA-7x7c-2rvc-69fh",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:24:56Z",
"published": "2023-04-11T21:31:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22614"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2023/04/11/stepping-insyde-system-management-mode"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge/SA-2023020"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7X7J-88HG-3J82
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-15 21:30 – Updated: 2026-04-15 21:30
VLAI
Details
A flaw was found in GIMP. This vulnerability, a buffer overflow in the file-seattle-filmworks plugin, can be exploited when a user opens a specially crafted Seattle Filmworks file. A remote attacker could leverage this to cause a denial of service (DoS), leading to the plugin crashing and potentially impacting the stability of the GIMP application.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-40919"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-15T20:16:37Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in GIMP. This vulnerability, a buffer overflow in the `file-seattle-filmworks` plugin, can be exploited when a user opens a specially crafted Seattle Filmworks file. A remote attacker could leverage this to cause a denial of service (DoS), leading to the plugin crashing and potentially impacting the stability of the GIMP application.",
"id": "GHSA-7x7j-88hg-3j82",
"modified": "2026-04-15T21:30:18Z",
"published": "2026-04-15T21:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40919"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-40919"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2458748"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7XC8-4H5P-PC25
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:43 – Updated: 2022-07-31 00:00
VLAI
Details
A heap-based buffer overflow flaw was found in libtiff in the handling of TIFF images in libtiff's TIFF2PDF tool. A specially crafted TIFF file can lead to arbitrary code execution. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to confidentiality, integrity, as well as system availability.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-35524"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-09T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A heap-based buffer overflow flaw was found in libtiff in the handling of TIFF images in libtiff\u0027s TIFF2PDF tool. A specially crafted TIFF file can lead to arbitrary code execution. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to confidentiality, integrity, as well as system availability.",
"id": "GHSA-7xc8-4h5p-pc25",
"modified": "2022-07-31T00:00:59Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:43:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-35524"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1932044"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/libtiff/libtiff/-/merge_requests/159"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/rzkn/libtiff/-/commit/7be2e452ddcf6d7abca88f41d3761e6edab72b22"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/06/msg00023.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/BMHBYFMX3D5VGR6Y3RXTTH3Q4NF4E6IG"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202104-06"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210521-0009"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4869"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7XF5-3QMR-J4C6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-03 18:31 – Updated: 2026-07-14 15:31
VLAI
Details
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
nfsd: fix heap overflow in NFSv4.0 LOCK replay cache
The NFSv4.0 replay cache uses a fixed 112-byte inline buffer (rp_ibuf[NFSD4_REPLAY_ISIZE]) to store encoded operation responses. This size was calculated based on OPEN responses and does not account for LOCK denied responses, which include the conflicting lock owner as a variable-length field up to 1024 bytes (NFS4_OPAQUE_LIMIT).
When a LOCK operation is denied due to a conflict with an existing lock that has a large owner, nfsd4_encode_operation() copies the full encoded response into the undersized replay buffer via read_bytes_from_xdr_buf() with no bounds check. This results in a slab-out-of-bounds write of up to 944 bytes past the end of the buffer, corrupting adjacent heap memory.
This can be triggered remotely by an unauthenticated attacker with two cooperating NFSv4.0 clients: one sets a lock with a large owner string, then the other requests a conflicting lock to provoke the denial.
We could fix this by increasing NFSD4_REPLAY_ISIZE to allow for a full opaque, but that would increase the size of every stateowner, when most lockowners are not that large.
Instead, fix this by checking the encoded response length against NFSD4_REPLAY_ISIZE before copying into the replay buffer. If the response is too large, set rp_buflen to 0 to skip caching the replay payload. The status is still cached, and the client already received the correct response on the original request.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-31402"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-03T16:16:39Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnfsd: fix heap overflow in NFSv4.0 LOCK replay cache\n\nThe NFSv4.0 replay cache uses a fixed 112-byte inline buffer\n(rp_ibuf[NFSD4_REPLAY_ISIZE]) to store encoded operation responses.\nThis size was calculated based on OPEN responses and does not account\nfor LOCK denied responses, which include the conflicting lock owner as\na variable-length field up to 1024 bytes (NFS4_OPAQUE_LIMIT).\n\nWhen a LOCK operation is denied due to a conflict with an existing lock\nthat has a large owner, nfsd4_encode_operation() copies the full encoded\nresponse into the undersized replay buffer via read_bytes_from_xdr_buf()\nwith no bounds check. This results in a slab-out-of-bounds write of up\nto 944 bytes past the end of the buffer, corrupting adjacent heap memory.\n\nThis can be triggered remotely by an unauthenticated attacker with two\ncooperating NFSv4.0 clients: one sets a lock with a large owner string,\nthen the other requests a conflicting lock to provoke the denial.\n\nWe could fix this by increasing NFSD4_REPLAY_ISIZE to allow for a full\nopaque, but that would increase the size of every stateowner, when most\nlockowners are not that large.\n\nInstead, fix this by checking the encoded response length against\nNFSD4_REPLAY_ISIZE before copying into the replay buffer. If the\nresponse is too large, set rp_buflen to 0 to skip caching the replay\npayload. The status is still cached, and the client already received the\ncorrect response on the original request.",
"id": "GHSA-7xf5-3qmr-j4c6",
"modified": "2026-07-14T15:31:49Z",
"published": "2026-04-03T18:31:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31402"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36530"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36531"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36532"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36533"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36534"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-31402"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2454844"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0f0e2a54a31a7f9ad2915db99156114872317388"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2665887a69437a8a4f552f69509eecfb73d4aa19"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5133b61aaf437e5f25b1b396b14242a6bb0508e2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8afb437ea1f70cacb4bbdf11771fb5c4d720b965"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ae8498337dfdfda71bdd0b807c9a23a126011d76"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c9452c0797c95cf2378170df96cf4f4b3bca7eff"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dad0c3c0a8e5d1d6eb0fc455694ce3e25e6c57d0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f9fcb4441f6c02bb20c2eb340101e27dfe23607c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-31402.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:10108"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:11313"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13565"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13566"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13577"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13578"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13664"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13681"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13734"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13936"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:14137"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:14165"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:14301"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:14823"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:14869"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:14925"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:15883"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19568"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19569"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7XG8-V666-8Q83
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-19 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-26 00:00
VLAI
Details
Tenda AC6 v15.03.05.09_multi was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the list parameter in the SetIpMacBind function.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-25455"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-18T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Tenda AC6 v15.03.05.09_multi was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the list parameter in the SetIpMacBind function.",
"id": "GHSA-7xg8-v666-8q83",
"modified": "2022-03-26T00:00:39Z",
"published": "2022-03-19T00:00:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25455"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/EPhaha/IOT_vuln/tree/main/Tenda/AC6/11"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7XGF-6FQH-86MV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:23 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:23
VLAI
Details
PDFDoc::markObject in PDFDoc.cc in Poppler 0.74.0 mishandles dict marking, leading to stack consumption in the function Dict::find() located at Dict.cc, which can (for example) be triggered by passing a crafted pdf file to the pdfunite binary.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-9903"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-03-21T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "PDFDoc::markObject in PDFDoc.cc in Poppler 0.74.0 mishandles dict marking, leading to stack consumption in the function Dict::find() located at Dict.cc, which can (for example) be triggered by passing a crafted pdf file to the pdfunite binary.",
"id": "GHSA-7xgf-6fqh-86mv",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:23:07Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:23:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9903"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2713"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/poppler/poppler/issues/741"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/09/msg00030.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JQ6RABASMSIMMWMDZTP6ZWUWZPTBSVB5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XGYLZZ4DZUDBQEGCNDWSZPSFNNZJF4S6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XWWVIYFXM74KJFIDHP4W67HR4FRF2LDE"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://research.loginsoft.com/bugs/stack-based-buffer-overflows-in-dictfind-poppler-0-74-0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4042-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/107560"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7XGM-MMJM-X822
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-05 09:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:26
VLAI
Details
Memory corruption in Audio during playback session with audio effects enabled.
Severity
6.7 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-21654"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-05T07:15:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Memory corruption in Audio during playback session with audio effects enabled.",
"id": "GHSA-7xgm-mmjm-x822",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:26:57Z",
"published": "2023-09-05T09:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-21654"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/september-2023-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7XH6-W2RX-FCQM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-10 09:30 – Updated: 2025-10-10 09:30
VLAI
Details
Out-of-bounds write in the parsing header for JPEG decoding in libpadm.so prior to SMR Oct-2025 Release 1 allows local attackers to cause memory corruption.
Severity
4.0 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-21053"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-10T07:15:40Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Out-of-bounds write in the parsing header for JPEG decoding in libpadm.so prior to SMR Oct-2025 Release 1 allows local attackers to cause memory corruption.",
"id": "GHSA-7xh6-w2rx-fcqm",
"modified": "2025-10-10T09:30:48Z",
"published": "2025-10-10T09:30:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-21053"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.samsungmobile.com/securityUpdate.smsb?year=2025\u0026month=10"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7XMH-FJW4-4C83
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:43 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:38
VLAI
Details
libautotrace.a in AutoTrace 0.31.1 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (invalid write and SEGV), related to the ReadImage function in input-bmp.c:353:25.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-9175"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-05-23T04:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "libautotrace.a in AutoTrace 0.31.1 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (invalid write and SEGV), related to the ReadImage function in input-bmp.c:353:25.",
"id": "GHSA-7xmh-fjw4-4c83",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:38:09Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:43:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-9175"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blogs.gentoo.org/ago/2017/05/20/autotrace-multiple-vulnerabilities-the-autotrace-nightmare"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7XP8-VHXC-29V9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-16 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:41
VLAI
Details
TOTOLINK X5000R V9.1.0u.6118_B20201102 and TOTOLINK A7000R V9.1.0u.6115_B20201022 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the lang parameter in the function setLanguageCfg.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-45984"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-16T18:15:16Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK X5000R V9.1.0u.6118_B20201102 and TOTOLINK A7000R V9.1.0u.6115_B20201022 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the lang parameter in the function setLanguageCfg.",
"id": "GHSA-7xp8-vhxc-29v9",
"modified": "2024-04-04T08:41:06Z",
"published": "2023-10-16T18:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-45984"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Archerber/bug_submit/blob/main/TOTOLINK/setLanguageCfg.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.